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Human Factor Modelling in the Risk Assessment of Port Manoeuvers

Abramowicz-Gerigk T., Hejmlich A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2015

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Vol. 9, no. 3

427--433

EN

The documentation of human factor influence on the scenario development in maritime accidents compared with expert methods is commonly used as a basis in the process of setting up safety regulations and instructions. The new accidents and near misses show the necessity for further studies in determining the human factor influence on both risk acceptance criteria and development of risk control options for the manoeuvers in restricted waters. The paper presents the model of human error probability proposed for the assessment of ship masters and marine pilots' error decision and its influence on the risk of port manoeuvres.

2

Error Detection in the Navigational Watch Based on the Behavior Analysis of Navigators

Nishizaki C., Takemoto T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2015

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Vol. 9, no. 2

163--168

EN

Poor lookouts, i.e. one of errors in situation awareness, are pointed out as the major cause of collisions of ships, through investigations of collision accidents. In order to evaluate safety measures for preventing collisions caused by poor lookouts, it is necessary to understand background factors, so called “contexts”, of errors in situation awareness regardless of occurrence of collisions. The purpose of this study is to point out the possible significant contexts, using a navigator’s situation awareness model. As a result, we point out that one of the possible significant contexts is a problem on judgment of priority levels of other ships with regard to attention.

3

Stability Criteria - Present Status and Perspectives of Improvement

Kobyliński L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2014

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Vol. 8, no. 2

281--286

EN

Short historical development and present status of stability criteria is presented. Current work of the International Maritime Organisation on second generation stability criteria is critically assessed showing the advantages and week points of the project. Perspectives for improvement of the safety against stability failure are discussed, including risk assessment methods and goal oriented approach to stability problems.

4

Maritime Piracy Humanitarian Response Programme (MPHRP)

Dimitrevich A., Torskiy V.G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2014

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Vol. 8, no. 3

419--421

EN

In recent years nearly 5000 seafarers have been hijacked and detained for months often in appalling conditions, while thousands of others have been the victims of a pirate attack. Given these numerous concerns, a pan-industry alliance of ship owners, unions, managers, manning agents, insurers and shipping- and welfare associations (maritime, labour, faith or secular) has come together to establish the "Maritime Piracy: a Humanitarian Response Programme" (MPHRP). The objectives of this Programme address the three phases of "pre-, during and post-incident", with the aim of implementing a model of assisting seafarers and their families with the humanitarian aspects of a traumatic incident caused by a piracy attack, armed robbery or being taken hostage.

5

Human Factors and Safety Culture in Maritime Safety (revised)

Berg H. P.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2013

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Vol. 7, no. 3

343--352

EN

As in every industry at risk, the human and organizational factors constitute the main stakes for maritime safety. Furthermore, several events at sea have been used to develop appropriate risk models. The investigation on maritime accidents is, nowadays, a very important tool to identify the problems related to human factor and can support accident prevention and the improvement of maritime safety. Part of this investigation should in future also be near misses. Operation of ships is full of regulations, instructions and guidelines also addressing human factors and safety culture to enhance safety. However, even though the roots of a safety culture have been established, there are still serious barriers to the breakthrough of the safety management. One of the most common deficiencies in the case of maritime transport is the respective monitoring and documentation usually lacking of adequacy and excellence. Nonetheless, the maritime area can be exemplified from other industries where activities are ongoing to foster and enhance safety culture.

6

The Role of the Maritime Institutions on the Shortage of Officers

Magramo M., Bernas L., Calambuhay J., Eler G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2010

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Vol. 4, no. 4

449--451

EN

This study aimed to determine the role of the maritime institutions in the midst of the shortage of officers in the world manning industry. The quality of instruction and the competency of the professional instructors are seen as an important factor in producing quality graduates who will eventually become officers to man modern ships of today.

7

The Economical Emigration Aspect of East and Central European Seafarers: Motivation for Employment in Foreign Fleet

Sencila V., Bartuseviciene I., Rupsiene L., Kalvaitiene G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2010

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Vol. 4, no. 3

337--342

EN

East and Central Europe countries practically experience advantages and disadvantages of sea-farers‘ employment in foreign shipping companies. There is a need to investigate this phenomenon in the aspect of economical emigration. Shortage of marine officers worldwide exaggerates the shortage of seafarers in the mentioned region because of the economical emigration of national seafarers to foreign fleet, which pro-vides more favorable conditions. These facts encouraged investigating several questions using case study method in one country (Lithuania), which social-economic conditions are similar to other countries of the re-gion: What shipping companies (national or foreign) marine officers give priority to be employed to? What is the motivation of such a decision? What personal characteristics mostly determine this decision? The study results show very strong seafarers’ attitude towards economical emigration, reveal the reasons of this phenomenon and relations with the personal characteristics of marine officers. Key words: economical emigration, seafarers, motivation.

8

Psychological Features of Seamen’s Activity in Emergency Situations

Bondarev V. A., Bondarev O. M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2010

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Vol. 4, no. 4

453--457

EN

The rendered material will help to form a clear view of psychological features of human activity in situations concerning increased danger to a person’s existence.

9

Intelligent Evaluation System of Ship Management

Xu Q., Meng X., Wang N.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2010

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Vol. 4, no. 4

479--482

EN

The security of maritime traffic is a significant part of intelligent maritime traffic. It can reduce to ship maneuvering and collision avoidance by macroscopic. Eighty percents of marine accident induce by human factor from research data. So some researches about intelligent computer evaluation system to reduce the accident of human caused have emerged. Intelligent evaluation system of ship maneuvering can calculate the status of ship and getting the data of ship around, and then adopt fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the collision risk and evaluate the operation of navigator. If it has danger of collision risk or the navigator adopts irrational operation scheme by calculating, the system will send message to the navigator. The navigator must affirm the messages, if there is not affirmance, the system will adopt collision avoidance measures or other rational operations automatically at the critical moment.

10

Study on Ships Safety Control System

Han X. J., Meng X. Y., Wang Z. W.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 1

19--22

EN

The proportion of main reasons of ships accidents to the whole reasons is discussed in the paper. Among these reasons, human factors are in the majority. So a method to prevent wrong orders sent by a navigator is laid emphasis on. On the basis of this, a ships safety control system is studied. The construction and control principle of the ships safety control system, as well as control strategy, implementation method and key technology are elaborated in the paper.

11

Risk Analysis and Human Factor in Prevention of CRG Casualties

Kobylinski L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 4

443--448

EN

CRG casualties create one of the major type casualties in shipping. Prevention of CRG casualties is an important issue, especially because of the number of CRG casualties has increased almost twice during recent years. For the great majority of all CRG casualties human factor responsible, and the increasing number of these casualties might be attributed to poorer qualifications of ship masters who have not enough experience in handling very large ships put into operation presently. Risk analysis is a modern method for assessment of safety level of technical systems. This tool may be the used to investigate causes of casualties and to find out most effective prevention measures. Risk analysis is widely used in many areas; in case of marine technology it is used routinely in off-shore technology. The author investigates possibilities to apply risk analysis in the area of ship handling with the focus on human factor. This is preliminary study where possible methodology for hazards identification and risk assessment in respect of CRG casualties are investigated and risk control options are suggested. Various aspects of the influence of human factor in collision avoidance are listed and in particular the effect of training is stressed.

12

Problem Behaviours Among Children of Filipino Seafarers in Iloilo City, Philippines

Jaleco V. B., Gayo M., Pador R., Alimen R. A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 2

221--224

EN

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the problem behaviours among children of Filipino seafarers in Iloilo City, Philippines. The researchers used random sampling technique to determine the 200 respondents of the study. This research employed the descriptive method of analysis. The statistical tools were frequency and rank to describe the children problem behaviours. When taken as an entire group, data showed that the problem behaviours were self-centeredness, substance use, delinquency, and physical aggression. When grouped according to program, the problem behaviours were self-centeredness, delinquency, physical aggression, and substance use as reference to high school program, while those who were in college, the problem behaviours were self-centeredness, substance use, delinquency, physical aggression. When grouped according to sibling rank, the results showed that out of the 76 eldest children, the problem behaviours were self-centeredness, substance use, delinquency, and physical aggression. While, the problem behaviours of the 66 middle children of Filipino seafarers were self-centeredness, substance use, physical aggression, and delinquency. The 58 youngest children of Filipino seafarers’ problem behaviours were self-centeredness, substance use, physical aggression, and delinquency. When grouped according to gender, male children problem behaviours were self-centeredness, delinquency, substance use, and physical aggression. And, 86 female children problem behaviours were self-centeredness, delinquency, substance use, and physical aggression. As to the marital status, children whose parents were living, the problem behaviour were self-centeredness, substance use, delinquency, and physical aggression. Children of Filipino seafarers who had separated parents, the problem behaviours were self-centeredness, substance use, physical aggression, and delinquency.

13

Predicting Emotional Intelligence in Maritime Management: Imperative, Yet Elusive

Potoker E. S., Corwin J. A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 2

225--229

EN

There is extensive literature addressing the subject of “emotional intelligence” (EI) and its importance to the profile of leaders and models of leadership. Despite what some have argued as the sine qua non of leadership, there are arguably few, if any, valid instruments available to predict demonstration of EI competencies. This paper focuses on EI and challenges to measurement as it relates to leadership development in maritime management —where EI competencies are deemed critical to effective performance. The authors review and evaluate current instruments that claim to measure EI, survey hiring practices in selected companies in the shipping industry, and make recommendations for further research.

14

Officers’ Shortage: Viewpoints from Stakeholders

Eler G., Calambuhay J., Bernas L., Magramo M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 4

471--474

EN

This qualitative research looked into the views and opinions of the different stakeholders in the shipping/manning on the shortage of qualified and competent officers to handle modern ships of today. This shortage poses the biggest challenge shipping companies are currently facing. An in-depth interview of the participants was utilized in the data gathering for this study. It also looked into what maritime schools can do to help solve this problem. Findings showed that there are many sectors involved and have contributed to the present shortage of officers, namely: the shipping companies, the manning companies, the maritime schools, government agencies and the attitude of the seafarers themselves, not to mention the continuing demand for new vessels brought about by globalization of trade and industry.

15

Ice Conditions and Human Factors in Marine Accidents at the Arctic

Marchenko N.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 4

409--414

EN

All activities in the Arctic are conducted near the limit of technological opportunities and human abilities. But the drain of resources in the areas convenient for development obliges us to look at this severe polar region. The main objectives of the PetroArctic project (offshore and coastal technology for petroleum production and transport from arctic water) as a part of PETROMAX and MarSafe project (Marine Safety Management) are to obtain and provide information for safety of Arctic operation such as hydrocarbons production and transport from Polar seas. One of the tasks is a collection of ice pilot experiences from the people involved in the Arctic activities to learn how they felt in these conditions, how they solved difficult tasks and managed the ice. Items of special interest are connected to lost vessels and other marine accidents. Appreciable amount of written documentation and interviews have been processed and organized into a data base of marine accidents in Russian Arctic since 1900. It includes a set of maps where the locations of the accidents are shown with a description of the accidents (date, geographical environment, vessel type, what happened and how the people acted, etc). This paper includes the map for Kara Sea and descriptions of several accidents in the eastern part of Arctic as example of different situations, as well as the principles of the data base construction and accidents classification.

16

A Noble Profession Called Seafaring: the Making of an Officer

Magramo M., Gellada L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 4

475--480

EN

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of the managers in the shipping and manning companies in the Philippines and the seafarers regarding the nobility of the seafaring profession in the light of the shortage of competent officers. It utilized the interview approach in gathering data. It was found out that in other countries especially in OECD or highly industrialized countries, the youth today are no longer interested in the seafaring profession. Working on board ships is becoming less attractive for students coming out of the schools and colleges. In the past, seafarers were paid better than their peers on shore, and they had the opportunity to travel across the world. In the Philippines, it is still preferred by some students whose fathers or relatives are seafarers. They have seen that the profession is financially rewarding and it is perhaps the best, if not the only way to improve their quality of life. This study also looked into the perceptions and opinions of the practitioners, the master mariners themselves who once also struggled in order to realize their dreams and aspirations in life. Most of the officers interviewed believed that it takes determination and focus in the job in order to be successful. Thus, students aspiring to become officers and ultimately captains or master mariners must study hard, persevere and be disciplined to be able to overcome any problem along the way.

17

Statistical Studies on Marine Accidents Happened on the Bohai Sea

Wu Z., Zhao J., Li G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2008

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Vol. 2, no. 2

183--186

EN

a statistical study is carried out on the basis of information of marine traffic accidents occurred from 1996 to 2005 on the Bohai Sea. The time distribution and geographic distribution of the marine traffic accidents, as well as the relationships between the accidents and weather condition, type of accidents area, accident category, size of ships are analyzed, which provide references for adopting safety decision-making and take relative precautionary measures to avoid and decrease occurrence of accidents.

18

Participation of Polish Maritime Educational Institutions in Implementing Ideas of the EU Green Paper

Walczak A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2008

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Vol. 2, no. 4

429--433

EN

This article undertakes issues included in the Green Paper project on a future maritime policy of the European Union. Emphasis is put on basic features of this study that indicate the need of a holistic approach to the maritime policy, instead of sectoral approach practiced so far. This author presents and evaluates one of the major problems concerning the human factor in the initiative, namely the role of maritime staff education, proper employment policy and participation in scientific research. Author’s view on and proposals of Poland’s participation in the development and implementation of the Green Paper ideas are presented.

19

Examining and Promoting Chinese Seafarer Education and Training

Bao Y., Xu M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2008

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Vol. 2, no. 1

105--109

EN

China has potential to become a seafarer supply country for international labour market. The qualification and competency of Chinese seafarers is essential for the relief of the shortage of worldwide officer crew and to reduce human-related sea accidents, to ensure maritime safety and protect marine environment. Chinese seafarer education and training system takes an important role in training Chinese seafarers to be qualified and competent. It is necessary to highlight how the system functions. This paper is going to introduce Chinese MET systems, Seafarer MET Academies, Practice of seafarer MET, Quality Management of Chinese seafarer MET, Continuing Training for Chinese Seafarers in order to promote the national and international communication and cooperation in the shipping industry.

20

Construction of the Ship’s Technical Failure Model to Assess its Navigational Safety

Gucma L., Gralak R.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2008

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Vol. 2, no. 2

173--176

EN

The ship technical failures contribution in overall number of navigational accidents are significantly smaller than those caused by human factor but in safety analysis they cannot be neglected. The paper presents methodology of modeling the technical failures of ships with respect of most important ship systems such as main engine, power generators and steering gear. The repair time is also taken into account. The data for simulation was obtained from analysis of ships statistical data of polish owners. The model could be used mostly in assessment with projecting phase of ship appliances, simulating owner’s economical analysis or generating random events in marine simulators.