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Reakcja roślinności na chłodne oscylacje klimatyczne podczas holocenu : wstępne wyniki analizy pyłkowej osadów Jeziora Bocznego (Kraina Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich)

Żuk-Kempa Edyta, Fiłoc Magdalena, Kupryjanowicz Mirosława

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

530--532

EN

This article presents the preliminary results of palynological research, the main objectives of which were to study the climate changes impact on the vegetation from end last glaciation to the present day in the Great Masurian Lakes District. In the pollen diagram from the Lake Boczne profile, 12 local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ) were distinguished. The pollen zoneand subzones illustrate successive stages of vegetation development around Lake Boczne. The existence of a sedimentary gap in the analysed profile covering a significant part of the Middle Holocene was documented, which could be associated with a cooling and/or a more humid climate. Moreover, some changes in the pollen record may have reflected changes in vegetation due to cold climate oscillations.

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Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic inferences based on X-ray computer tomography: a case study of alkaline lake deposits in Hungary

Alzoubi Nour N., Gulyas Sandor, Geiger Janos

Geologos

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2023

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Vol. 29, No. 1

33--49

EN

Widely distributed freshwater carbonate sediments, i.e., limestone, dolomitic limestone and dolomite, developed in inter-dune alkaline ponds of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve in the centre of the Carpathian Basin during the Holocene. The key parameters that determine the formation of any given type of carbonate mineral (calcite, dolomite) are temperature, evaporation rate, pH and ion concentrations, in addition to CO2 absorption by aquatic plants. CT analysis is capable of recording small-scale density variations attributable to compositional differences of sedimentary rocks. As the type and proportion of rock-forming minerals and other components is an artifact of past environmental and climatic conditions, CT values may act as potential palaeoenvironmental proxies. The present study compares variations in rock-forming components obtained for freshwater carbonates utilizing the CT method with already available geochemical and palaeoecological proxy data. Variations in molluscan ecology and isotope geochemistry, sedimentation times and CT-based rock density values all indicate the relevance of millennial-scale, climate-driven changes in carbonate formation. As previously observed, the emergence of colder conditions in the North Atlantic, which resulted in increased cyclonic activity and heavier rainfall in western Europe and the Danube watershed area between 10.3 and 9.3 kyr cal BP, resulted in the emergence of humid conditions favouring a rise in the groundwater table at our site and precipitation of calcite from pore waters as opposed to high-magnesium calcite. This is clearly reflected in a negative shift in CT density values in our dated rock samples.

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Zmienność cech fizycznych i chemicznych wód źródlanych w zlewni Zagórzańskiego Potoku (Pogórze Spisko-Gubałowskie)

Czarny Gabriela, Pociask-Karteczka Joanna, Nieckarz Zenon

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 3

150--160

EN

The aim of the paper is to examine the variability of physical and chemical characteristics of two springs located in the Zagórzański Stream catchment (Spisko-Gubałowskie Foothills, Podhale region). Calcareous tufa occurs at one of the investigated springs. Field studies were conducted once a month from 25th March 2017 to 28thFebruary 2018. Water of the studied springs represents the bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium type during almost the whole year. The chemical composition of both springs is characterized by seasonal variability. The highest concentrations of most ions occurred in the summer, when the rainfall was the lowest and during winter drought; while the lowest concentration - in the period of increased rainfall. The variability of physical and chemical parameters of the spring with tufa is smaller than the other one. The spring with calcareous tufa stands out by the higher concentration of Mg2+ and SO42- and the presence of radon. The unique landscape values of the surroundings and hydrogeochemical features of the spring with calcareous tufa favour this place as an interesting hydro-tourism attraction in the Bukowina Tatrzańska region.

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Meteoryty, kratery uderzeniowe i inne ślady kosmicznej katastrofy w rejonie Moraska pod Poznaniem

Szczuciński Witold, Muszyński Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, Nr 8

637--644

EN

About 5,000 years ago near Morasko (the district of the present-day city of Poznań, western Poland) the largest known iron meteorite shower in Central Europe took place. The evidence of that impact, documented so far, comprises numerous iron meteorite fragments distributed over an area of approximately 3 km2 and at least six meteorite impact craters with a maximum diameter of about 100 m. The present paper reviews the most recent findings related to the meteorite, craters, processes of their formation, as well as the environmental effects of the impact in the Morasko area. The most important findings, reported in this review cover: 1) the recognition of two new minerals in the meteorite: moraskoite and czochralskiite; 2) the identification and detailed analysis of the ejecta layer around the craters and underlying paleosoil providing evidence for the mid-Holocene age of the impact; 3) the numerical modelling constraining the range of likely physical properties of the impactor, e.g. the diameter of the projectile forming the largest crater and its landing velocity (c. 1.5 m and 10km/s, respectively);4) the studies of the nearby lake and peat deposits revealing restricted environmental effects of the impact. The Morasko craters field is currently one of the best-studied examples of small/moderate-sized meteorite impact in unconsolidated sediments.

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Osuwiska na stokach Magury Witowskiej (Podhale)

Marciniec Paweł, Granoszewski Wojciech, Zimnal Ziemowit

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 5

405--413

EN

The landslide on the northern slopes of Magura Witowska is an example ofa consequent-structural type oflandslide. It has been developed due to several favorable conditions like: monoclinal layer deposition where the dip angle and direction of collapsing layers are close to those of slope exposition. Moreover, shale packages are commonly present in the bedrock. In the lower part of the landslide an elongated basin filled with peat sediments is situated. The 8-m long profile was recovered with an Instorf sampler for 14C dating and pollen analysis purposes. The results of radiocarbon dating and pollen analysis point to Subboreal and Subatlantic age of these sediments. Undisturbed biogenic sedimentation, lack of minerogenic intercalations together with the unbroken course of pollen succession suggest that the studied landslide has not undergone any significant active events since its formation.

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New datings of deposits from Odra river valley - stratigraphic consequences and interpretation at fluvial succession

Gontaszewska-Piekarz Agnieszka, Szczepaniak Małgorzata

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2019

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Vol. 29, no. 3

183--199

EN

This paper presents organic sediments age analysis in Odra river valley in Słubice, western Poland. In this middle reach of Odra valley reach the uppermost fluvial deposits contain several alternate layers of organic sediments. These deposits have been mostly interpreted as the Holocene fluvial (floodplain) sediments, even if visible admixture of organic matter is not observed. However, there is also another hypothesis. Geotechnical studies conducted in several locations in Słubice, have questioned this interpretation. The main argument was the values of preconsolidation ratio in the range of 0.8 to 5.4, which may suggest, that the analysed sediments were covered by an ice sheet. Also, based on the presence of a clay layer devoid of organic matter impurities in the top of organic deposits, the second one presumes an interglacial (possibly Eemian) age of the discussed fluvial/organic sediments (peats and silts). To verify these hypotheses, six samples from six different boreholes drilled in the Odra river valley, in the centre of Słubice were collected. The results of 14C dating and its interpretation allowed to determine the age of the tested material. All analysed samples from Słubice (Odra river valley) were formed within the last 10,000 years - in Preboreal, Atlantic and Subboreal. Such a result contradicts the earlier stratigraphic interpretations.

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Late glacial and holocene stratotype profile of palaeosols in the Warsaw basin

Konecka-Betley K., Janowska E.

Studia Quaternaria

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2005

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Vol. 22

3-16

EN

Palaeosols from the Warsaw Basin developed from eolian sands and aqueous deposits are distinguished as pedostratigraphic units of the Quaternary. They were typologically determined as type soils for the study area based on the succession of genetic-diagnostic horizons for the particular soil types. Two partial profiles were analysed - in Cieciwa and in Wi1zowna Piekie3ko, which were later considered as a composite stratotype of palaeosols in the Warsaw Basin. Both partial profiles allow recognising old aqueous processes and slightly younger eolian processes characteristic for the Oldest, Older and Younger Dryas Phase, as well as the pedogenetic processes taking place during warming stages in the terminal Late Vistulian and Holocene. Based on the analyses, five palaeosol horizons were distinguished within the Warsaw Basin. The oldest ones are represented by humus-gley soils developed from Pleistocene agueous deposits of the Epe Interphase and the initial soil from the Bölling Interphase developed from aeolian sands of the Oldest Dryas Phase. The third soil is represented by a poorly developed podzolized soil from the Alleröd developed from sands of the Older Dryas. Sands of the Younger Dryas were capped in the Holocene by a rusty soil from the Boreal Phase, which was recognised in both profiles. From the same sands undergoing continuous blowing out, or as a continuation of the rusty soil, a ferruginous podzol or ferruginous-humus podzol developed during the Atlantic Interphase. In depressions the podzol is in some cases capped by a thin peat. The stratotype profile is distinguished as a reference profile and the base for comparison with analogous horizons in Central Poland.

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The radiocarbon age of marine and land deposits in the southern Baltic area

Uścinowicz Szymon, Kramarska Regina, Tomczak Anna, Zachowicz Joanna

Geologos

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2000

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Vol. 5

155--163

EN

Basing on statistical analysis of ca. 150 radiocarbon dates of sediments from different environments an attempt to reconstruct the time framework of main environmental changes during the late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Southern Baltic area was made. The main results are as follow: 45 000-22 000 years BP - period of interpleniglacial (Grudziądz Interstadial), 22 000-14 500 years BP - period of the last glaciation (lack of dates for this period or uncorrected dates), 14 500-8800 years BP - beginning of the last deglaciation and development of the southern Baltic area in land conditions, 8800-5000 years BP - period of Mezoholocene (Littorina, Atlantic) transgression of the Southern Baltic with major changes of coastline, since ca. 5000 years BP - present shape of the southern Baltic with minor changes of coastline.