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The Impact of Hydrologic Characteristics of Mountain Watersheds on Geometric and Hydraulic Parameters of Natural Torrent Beds

Jakubis Matúš, Jakubisová Mariana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

13--23

EN

The aim of the paper is to determine the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of natural torrent beds and to propose a regional hydraulic geometry equations of mountain watersheds for the High Tatras region. The research was conducted in 26 natural torrents and their watersheds on the reference sections and profiles under the sediment source zones. Two different regression equations to determine the relationships of hydraulic geometry (hitherto used without asymptote and newly proposed with asymptote) were compared. The analyses showed a strong correlation relationship between watershed area Aw (km2) and bankfull geometric characteristics of natural cross-sections: width of the bed inside the banks Bbf (m), mean depth of the bed Hbf (m), channel cross-section area Abf (m2) and hydraulic characteristic – bankfull discharge Qbf (m3.s-1). The results were tested by t-test and Shapiro-Wilk test. The determination coefficient (R2) for the relationships without asymptote ranged between R2 = 0.919 and R2 = 0.972; p – values from Shapiro – Wilk test ranged between p = 0.0359 and p = 0.8027. The determination coefficient (R2) for the relationships with asymptote ranged between R2 = 0.952 and R2 = 0.974; p – values from Shapiro – Wilk test ranged between p = 0.0221 and p = 0.8617. Based on the analysis we found that the new equation with the asymptote provides very good results.

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Future of narrow gauge railways as a main transport system in the region of High Tatras

Ižvolt L., Šmalo M.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 4

2873--2884

EN

Narrow gauge railway tracks are the main transport system in Slovak part of the High Tatras for over one hundred years. Passengers´ increasing demands for quality, speed and comfort increase demands in the parameters of roadway. It is also desirable to modify the roadway for future ecological increase of operation in enviromentally valuable areas of national parks. The paper deals with the possibilities of increasing attractiveness of existing tracks of the Tatra Electric Railway and outlines possible extension of the system on the Polish side of the High Tatras, which has recently experienced massive development of tourism.

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Bathonian ammonites from the Polish Tatras

Galacz A., Matyja B.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

162-162

EN

In the sedimentary sequence of the Polish High Tatras, thin limestone beds with Middle Jurassic, mainly Bathonian fossils have been reported. The best known of these occurrences is that of Wielka Âwistówka Cirques in the Mi´tusia Valley with extremely rich ammonite fauna which became famous for the classic monographs of Passendorfer in 1935 and 1938. The fauna occurs in a condensed bed overlying with considerable hiatus the Middle Triassic shallow-water carbonates, and is covered by Upper Jurassic pelagic limestone. The 8-12 cm thick bed yielded nautiloids, belemnites, ammonites and brachiopods in great profusion, and less commonly other molluscs (bivalves and gastropods). The revision of the ammonite fauna in the collections of Passendorfer indicated that most of the forms is typical of the higher Middle Bathonian Bremeri Zone, with the rich representation of the zonal index and other diagnostic forms, e.g. Prohecticoceras ochraceum, Bullatimorphites eszterensis. Within the perisphinctids, Procerites is dominant and Wagnericeras is rarer which could indicate the lower part of the Bremeri Zone. As interesting rarities, Phlycticeras, Oecoptychius, Thraxites, etc. also appear. However, the collections contain some macrocephalitids and rare Hecticoceras suggesting the presence of the Lower Callovian. While preservational differences cannot be seen between the Bathonian and Callovian fossils, and the recent state of the Wielka Âwistówka exposure did not show this, the best explanation is to suppose an occurrence of a thin, intermittent Callovian layer in between the Bathonian and Upper Jurassic beds as the source of these stratigraphically younger ammonites in the collections. The ammonite fauna is dominated by suborder Ammonitina (66.6%) of which nearly half belongs to the Perisphinctidae, and phylloceratids are represented 32%. This is a faunal composition very close to those from other Bathonian condensed ammonite beds occurring in the Carpathian-Pannon region (e.g. Swinitza in the Southern Carpathians, Villány in South Hungary).