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The spatial diversity of socio-economic development in Ukraine

Miłek Dorota, Kozubek Paweł R.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 162

455--471

EN

Purpose: The processes of socio-economic development always take place in a specific space and are not uniform. The modern conditions of regional development vary a lot with regard to the socio-economic development of the particular territorial entities. This is also true for Ukraine, the subject of this study and a current candidate for the European Union. This paper will assess the diversity of socio-economic development of the Ukrainian regions in 2020 and rank these entities according to the level of their development. Methodology: Z. Hellwig’s method of development pattern, which helps to order the regions in terms of their development, is applied to the evaluation of socio-economic development of the Ukrainian entities. The indicators adopted are systematised by the following areas: Demographics and job market, Structure of regional economies, Innovation, research and development activities, Technical infrastructure, Social infrastructure, and Condition and protection of the natural environment. Findings: The analysis helps to identify the levels of socio-economic development of Ukrainian regions and the region groups of the highest, high, low, and very low standards of development. The results suggest a great diversity of socio-economic development of these regions. Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhya, and Kharkiv experience the maximum, while Donetsk and Luhansk the minimum levels of development. Research limitations/implications: The data published by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2020 are used, excluding those for the temporarily occupied area of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, and parts of the temporarily occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Further comparative research should estimate the effects of the changes on socio-economic development following the end of the Russian Federation’s aggression against Ukraine. Continuing studies may also identify factors with a decisive impact on the regions’ attribution to the particular groupings. Social implications: The evaluation of the regional development levels may provide foundations for some strategies of socio-economic development, an explication of causes of regional variations, and a determination of potential for and ways of levelling down the existing inequalities. The diversity of development of the individual Ukrainian regions is important to its status of a candidate to the EU, granted on 23 June 2022. In connection with a closer cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, the results can provide knowledge about where to channel the EU funding aimed at the socio-economic development of the particular regions. Originality/value: The determination of the diversity of socio-economic development and positioning of the Ukrainian regions in this respect. The study can also be seen as a contribution to the existing research and serve the purpose of comparative analysis.

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Digital transformation of the labor market - a challenge for young Poles

Witczak-Roszkowska Danuta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 162

739--752

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to assess the level of digital competence of young Poles against the background of selected European countries in the context of changes occurring in the labor market. Design/methodology/approach: The level of digital competence of young people from 30 selected European countries was diagnosed on the basis of the development pattern method by Z. Hellwig. To develop a synthetic Z. Hellwig measure, 23 diagnostic characteristics that reflect the level of skills of young Europeans in creating digital content, using databases, communicating and collaborating online, using ICT in different types of online activities, and protecting privacy and personal data online were selected. The study covered a group of young people aged 16-24, representing a potential labor supply that is particularly relevant to the development of the digital economy. Findings: In the light of the characteristics adopted for the study, the level of digital competence of young Poles is low. Young Finns, Maltese, Dutch, Spanish and Icelanders have the highest levels of digital competence. In contrast, particularly low levels of these competences are seen among young Bulgarians and Romanians. Research limitations/implications: The presented research can contribute to further in-depth analysis of the impact of the digital competency deficit on the economic development of the countries included in the analysis in the long term, including Poland in particular. Practical implications: The results of the research can provide guidance to public authorities in creating and evaluating strategies for the development of digital competences in Poland and the other countries covered by the study. Originality/value: The article indicates the changes that the labor market is undergoing as a consequence of the digital transformation of the economy. A synthetic indicator of digital competence was constructed, taking into account the diagnostic characteristics selected by the author of the article, which in their opinion are particularly relevant to the development of the digital economy. Leaders in the level of digital competence of young people have been identified. The distance between them and Poland was also diagnosed. The findings are addressed to the public authorities of the European countries surveyed. They can provide guidelines for the creation and evaluation of strategies for the development of digital competences in Poland and the other countries covered by the study.

3

The virtual dimension of socio-economic relations in European countries

Witczak-Roszkowska Danuta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 146

509--522

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to assess the level of use of information technologies by households in selected European countries and the resulting transformations in socio-economic relations. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses one of the taxonomic methods – the Hellwig’s development pattern method. 20 diagnostic features were adopted to develop Hellwig’s synthetic measure. They reflect the access and use of the Internet by households in five areas: networking and formal activities in the fields of e-government, e-banking, e-education, e-health; carrying out political and civic activities online (consulting, voting, expressing opinions); making informal contacts and participating in social networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.); e-commerce; using instant messaging and e-mail. Findings: In the light of the characteristics adopted for the survey, the highest level of use of information technology by households is characteristic of Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Finland. The countries with the lowest rates are Romania and Bulgaria. Research limitations/implications: The studies presented may contribute to further in-depth analyses of the links between the use of information technologies in individual countries and their level of economic development in the long term. Originality/value: The results are addressed to public authorities in 30 European countries. On their basis, leaders in the use of information technologies by households in various areas of economic and social life were identified. The distance between the other countries was also diagnosed. The results of the research can guide public authorities in developing strategies for the development and dissemination of information technologies in their countries.

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Territorial diversity of availability of public services in Poland

Miłek Dorota

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 146

275--294

EN

Purpose: The nature of contemporary development processes determines the development of the area of public services, which is related to the distribution of these services and is of interest to public sector economics. The state’s key commitment to its citizens is to guarantee adequate availability of public services. It is an important issue that determines the quality of life of the citizens and determines the level of social and economic development of territorial units. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate inequalities in access to selected public services in Poland from a regional perspective. Design/methodology/approach: To assess the level of availability of selected public services in Poland, Hellwig’s synthetic indicator was used, which made it possible to indicate the ranking of voivodeships in terms of availability of public services. The research is complemented by the Ward’s clustering method, which was used to identify clusters of territorial units with a similar level of availability of the analyzed services. The research used data made available by the Statistics Poland (GUS), including the Local Data Bank and statistical studies: Use of information and communication technologies in 2014 (orig. title: Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-telekomunikacyjnych w 2014 roku) and Use of information and communication technologies in 2018 (orig. title: Wykorzystanie technologii informacyjno-telekomunikacyjnych w 2018 roku). The analysis concerns the years 2014 and 2018. Findings: Regions of Poland are characterized by a diverse level of availability of public services. The analysis allowed to identify the regions with the highest, high, low and very low level of availability of public services. The distance between the highest and the lowest ranked voivodeships indicates quite significant territorial inequalities in access to public services, although it has slightly decreased throughout the analyzed years. Social implications: The study of availability of public services is an important component of the assessment of the level of social and economic development of territorial units and the standard of living of local communities. Therefore, it is justified to determine the essence of spatial diversity of the level of availability of public services, which play an important role in shaping the level of social and economic development of territorial units and influence the implementation of development priorities of the country and the European Union. The development of public services requires identifying existing barriers in the area of public governance as well as possibilities for their improvement and then proposing a set of instruments to improve the service management process. Originality/value: The results of the research can be used in the process of management of public services by public administration units in the context of increasing the universal availability of these services and improving their quality. The results of the analysis may provide a source of knowledge for both national and regional economic policy actors as well as European Union decision-making bodies in the area of public support to improve the availability of public services in the next development programming perspectives.

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Determinants of the quality of life in municipalities of Kielce district

Brzozowska-Rup Katarzyna, Czaja Roksana, Piotrowska-Piątek Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 146

21--35

EN

Identifying the factors that significantly affect the quality of life of the residents of municipalities of the Kielce poviat based on a synthetic indicator. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in the paper is create a synthetic indicator designed using a taxonomic method and the estimation of the logistic regression model. Data of the Central Statistical Office concerning the years 2014-2018 were used in the calculations. Findings: The obtained values of the TMR (Total Material Requirement) indicator suggest that in the Kielce poviat the quality of life of the residents of individual municipalities is very diverse. At the same time, a common positive tendency is observed, manifested in the trend indicating an improvement in the quality of life in each of the municipalities in the examined period. The constructed indicator was used to estimate the regression model for cross-sectional data from 2018. Originality/value: The estimated models allowed to formulate conclusions concerning the impact of particular explanatory variables on the diagnosed level of quality of life in the surveyed municipalities.

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Metoda Hellwiga jako metoda ilościowa doboru zmiennych do modelowania procesów logistycznych

Duda A.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2018

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nr 11

75--108, CD

PL

Temat artykułu dotyczy doboru zmiennych w modelowaniu procesów logistycznych jedną z wybranych metod ilościowych, jaką jest metoda Hellwiga. Dokonując analizy teoretycznej i empirycznej badanego problemu, opracowano precyzyjny algorytm doboru zmiennych objaśniających, spośród zmiennych kandydujących, do modelu ekonometrycznego metodą Hellwiga. Przedstawiony algorytm pozwala na jednoznaczny wybór, na podstawie pojemności nośników informacji w oparciu o współczynniki korelacji liniowej Pearsona, najwłaściwszych zmiennych do tego modelu. Algorytm ten, posłużył do praktycznego obliczenia i na tej podstawie wyboru najlepszych zmiennych objaśniających na bazie fizycznego przykładu opartego na danych empirycznych firmy Wawel S.A.Dla właściwej egzemplifikacji, podjęto próbę zbudowania empirycznego modelu ekonometrycznego. Zidentyfikowano cztery potencjale zmienne kandydujące do tego modelu poprzez analizę i opracowanie danych empirycznych pozyskanych ze sprawozdań finansowych firmy. Następnie wykorzystując opracowany algorytm metody Hellwiga, otrzymano rzeczywiste wyniki doboru prawdziwych zmiennych do realnego modelu ekonometrycznego opisującego produkcję sprzedaną w firmie Wawel S.A.

EN

The subject of the article concerns the selection of variables in the modeling of logistic processes, one of the quantitative methods chosen, which is the Hellwig method. Performing a theoretical and empirical analysis of the examined problem, a precise algorithm for the selection of explanatory variables was developed, among the candidate variables, to the econometric model using the Hellwig method. The presented algorithm allows for an unambiguous selection, based on the capacity of information carriers based on Pearson's linear correlation coefficients, the most appropriate variables for this model. This algorithm was used for practical calculation and on this basis the selection of the best explanatory variables on the basis of a physical example based on empirical data of the Wawel SA company. For the proper exemplification, an attempt to build an empirical econometric model.Four potential variables candidate for this model were identified by analyzing and developing empirical data obtained from the company's financial reports.Next, using the developed algorithm of the Hellwig method, real results of the selection of real variables were obtained to the real econometric model describing the production sold in the company Wawel S.A.

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Zastosowanie metody Hellwiga do redukcji wymiaru przestrzeni cech obrazów USG tarczycy

Omiotek Z., Wójcik W.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2014

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nr 3

14--17

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania metody Hellwiga do redukcji wymiaru przestrzeni cech obrazów USG tarczycy. Za pomocą tej metody, z wejściowego zbioru 283 cech otrzymano kombinację 3 cech z największą wartością wskaźnika pojemności informacyjnej Hellwiga. Zbiór ten posłużył do budowy i testowania klasyfikatorów. Wyniki klasyfikacji porównano z wynikami uzyskanymi dla 48 cech otrzymanych za pomocą metody korelacji. Okazało się, że dokładność klasyfikatorów zbudowanych ze zbioru liczącego 3 cechy nie jest gorsza od dokładności klasyfikatorów dla 48 cech, a w kilku przypadkach nawet ją przewyższa. Sugeruje to, że metoda Hellwiga może być wykorzystana jako wydajna metoda redukcji wymiaru przestrzeni cech dla potrzeb przyszłej klasyfikacji obrazów USG tarczycy.

EN

This paper presents the use of Hellwig’s method for dimension reduction in feature space of thyroid ultrasound images. On the base of this method, the combination of three features with the greatest value of Hellwig’s index information capacity from the input set of 283 features was obtained. This set was used to build and test the classifiers. Classification results were compared with the results obtained for a set of 48 features obtained using correlation method. It turned out that the accuracy of classifiers built on the base of 3 features is not worse than the accuracy of classifiers built on the base of 48 features, and in some cases it is even higher. This suggests that the Hellwig’s method can be used as an effective method for dimension reduction in feature space for the future thyroid ultrasound images classification.