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Analysis of mechanical and microstructural characteristics of plunger-assisted ECAP strengthened Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets

Sahoo Partha Sarathi, Meher Arabinda, Mahapatra Manas Mohan, Vundavilli Pandu Ranga, Pandey Chandan

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2023

Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e194, 2023

Often known as the workhorse among titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4 V has been useful in the aerospace and biomedical sectors. For further enhancement of the mechanical characteristics of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, its sheets procured for the present study have been subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a die setup having a channel angle of 120° and corner angle of 10° at its forming temperature of 650 °C followed by appropriate annealing treatments. Microstructural analysis post the hot-ECAP process has demonstrated ultrafine grain (UFG) refinement because of this severe plastic deformation technique of ECAP. Phase analysis has further substantiated the reduction of β-phase in the alloy as a controlling factor in improving the mechanical properties. As a result, the room temperature hardness and tensile strength have improved by 10% and 15%, respectively, due to a drastic reduction in grain size from ~ 906 nm to ~ 359 nm, which is in line with the well-established Hall–Petch equation. Basic finite element modeling has been studied as concerned with the sustainability and feasibility of the die setup to withstand the heavy metal forming forces involved in the ECAP of Ti-6Al-4 V. This success in processing Ti-6Al-4 V by a single pass of an ECAP using channel angle of 120° and corner angle of 10° under a controlled equivalent strain further opens doors for incorporating additional steps and criteria to achieve even higher grain refinement and strength enhancements thereby catering to the needs for manufacturing the assault vehicles and bioimplants.