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Analysis of Physicochemical and Microbial Parameters in Refill Drinking Water Sources and Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study in Bandung District, Indonesia

Hasanawi Adib, Salami Indah Rachmatiah Siti

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 4

45--56

The decline in the quality of groundwater occurred in Bandung District, especially in three areas, namely Ciparay, Dayeuhkolot and Margaasih sub-districts. Pattern shifting in the use of drinking water occurred from groundwater sources to refill drinking water sources. Refill drinking water as a new emerging source is inseparable from contamination. Therefore, a public health risk assessment is carried out due to the use of refill drinking water. Analysis of physicochemical and microbial of refill drinking water was carried out on 45 refill drinking water sample in three areas. Risk characterization is carried out by quantitative methods of calculating the value of the Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) with Monte Carlo analysis. Quality of refill drinking water exceeds the quality standard of Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 492/2010 on the parameters of E. coli, total coliform, and heavy metals (Fe, Al, Se). Oral exposure from refill drinking water showed an acceptable non-carcinogenic risk (HI ≤ 1) in all categories from three areas but adult category in Ciparay Subdistrict has maximum tolerable value for Excess Cancer Risk (ECR), 1 x 10-4, shown that the use of refill drinking water in this area can affect to human health in long-term situation for adults. Reducing public health risk can conducted by improving the process in refill drinking water station, evaluate the quality regularly, and revised the land use masterplan by the government.

Hydrochinon. Oznaczanie w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

Jeżewska A., Woźnica A.

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

2014

Nr 3 (81)

57--70

W artykule przedstawiono metodę oznaczania hydrochinonu (HQ) w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy z zastosowaniem wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej (HPLC) z detektorem diodowym (DAD). Metoda polega na: pobieraniu próbek powietrza zawierającego hydrochinon na rurki wypełnione żelem krzemionkowym z naniesionym kwasem siarkowym, desorpcji acetonitrylem i analizie chromatograficznej otrzymanego roztworu. Analizę prowadzono w układzie faz odwróconych (faza ruchoma: acetonitryl: woda) z zastosowaniem kolumny Ultra C18. Zakres pomiarowy wynosi 0,1 - 2 mg/m³ przy pobieraniu 20 l powietrza. Granica wykrywalności (LOD) metody wynosi 0,35 µg/m3, natomiast granica oznaczalności (LOQ) 1,04 µg/m3. Opracowaną metodę oznaczania hydrochinonu zapisano w postaci procedury analitycznej, którą zamieszczono w Załączniku.

This method describes how to measure hydroquinone (HQ) in workplace air using HPLC with a diode array detector (DAD). Hydroquinone present in a measured volume of air is collected onto a sulfuric acid-treated silica gel tube. Samples are desorbed with acetonitrile. The determination was carried out in the reverse-phase system (mobile phase: acetonitrile: water) using an Ultra C18 column. The measurement range was 0.1 - 2 mg / m3 for a 20-L air sample. Limit of detection (LOD): 0.35 uq/ m3 and limit of quantification (LOQ): 1.04 uq/ m3. The developed method of determining hydroquinone has been recorded as an analytical procedure, which is available in the Appendix.