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1
Gospodarka wodna dla małych społeczności Regionu Arktycznego na przykładzie osady Itileq (Grenlandia)
Pruss Agata Magdalena
Technologia Wody
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2023
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Nr 4 (82)
66-72
2
Content available remote Polska wyprawa na Grenlandię w 1937 r.
Kohler P.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2017
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R. 62, nr 4
45--63
EN
The Polish expedition to Greenland in 1937 was the fourth Polish expedition to the Arctic in mid-war period. 7 persons took part in it: Stefan Bernadzikiewicz (1907-1939) - equipment and technical issues, Antoni Gaweł (1901-1989) - geologist, Alfred Jahn (1915-1999) - geographer, geomorphologist, Aleksander Kosiba (1901-1981) - leader, glaciologist and geomorphologist, Stanisław Siedlecki (1912-2002) - meteorologist, Rudolf Wilczek (1903-1984) - botanist, Antoni Rudolf Zawadzki (1896-1974) - photogrammetrist. The expedition also hired six Innuits to help. The expedition was doing research from June 16 to August 23, 1937 on Arfersiorfik fiord (Western Greenland) on its initial section and its inshore strip 100 km inland. Results of the expedition: botany - samples were taken of the peat bog and tundra, geodesy - magnetic declination was mapped out - 56° W; geology - geological-petrographic charting of the outskirts of ice sheet was made, samples of the rock base, moraine and sedimentary ones were taken; geomorphology - structure and genesis of the landscape was studied, mainly of terraces, including isostatic movements; glaciology - shoreline of the ice sheet and its outskirts were studied; cartography, triangulation and toponomy - map of the land on a scale of 1 : 50 000 was published, 23 new names connected with Poland and Polish people were given; climatology - new meteorological data was collected from 2 stations; palynology - high content of pollen of coniferos trees was detected, particularly of pine, whose pollen was found even far to the north near Gothåb; pedology - different types of structural soils and their connection with the climate were described.
3
Content available Towards an integrated Jurassic biostratigraphy for eastern Greenland
Kelly S. R. A., Gregory F. J., Braham W., Strogen D. P., Whitham A. G.
Volumina Jurassica
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2015
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Vol. 13, no. 1
43--64
EN
The thick and relatively complete Jurassic succession of eastern Greenland provides a unique biostratigraphic record for the North Atlantic region. The main biostratigraphic control for the succession has been provided by molluscs, especially ammonites and to a lesser extent by bivalves and belemnites. The late John Callomon and colleagues recognised 93 Boreal ammonite-bearing horizons in the Mid to Late Jurassic. This provides a reliable backbone to the biostratigraphy of these strata, prompting a palynological colleague to comment that they are the “Policemen of Jurassic Stratigraphy”. Other biostratigraphically significant microfossil and palynological groups, can be calibrated against this standard, but on their own cannot achieve the same precision. The Early Jurassic of eastern Greenland does not have such fine control as later parts of the period. No single biostratigraphic group can be used successfully throughout the interval, and there are only three significant ammonite faunas during this period. Reliance on various different organisms is necessary to cope with the changing range of marine to non-marine environments. CASP field-work from 1990 to 2012 has resulted in the collection of much biostratigraphic material. In this article, published data are summarised together with previously unpublished data in the form of a unified table. The integrated chart shows detailed columns for the whole eastern Greenland Jurassic. It demonstrates the ammonite, palynological and microfossil events/biozones and horizons which are correlated by time. More limited information is available on belemnites, bivalves and macroflora. This is the first time such an integrated biostratigraphic scheme has been assembled for the Jurassic of eastern Greenland. It will be of value to the offshore oil-industry in the northern North Atlantic and on the Barents Shelf as well as to field geologists in Greenland.
4
Content available W 100-lecie pierwszego wydania książki Alfreda Wegenera „Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane”
Mizerski M.
Przegląd Geologiczny
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2015
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Vol. 63, nr 11
1262--1265
EN
The article portrays the figure of Alfred LotharWegener (1880–1930) – creator of the continental drift hypothesis. Wegener was not only the creator of geotectonic hypothesis that is famous all over the World, but his interests were very diverse. He was a meteorologist and geophysicist of atmosphere, but he carried out experiments with the genesis of lunar craters too. He was active in the research of Treys meteorite that fell to the ground on April 3, 1916, in the forest near Rommershausen in Hesia (Germany). However, his true passion was research of Greenland – he attended four expeditions to this island and during the last expedition he died. His idea is still very important in the present-day theory of plate tectonics.
5
Content available Usłonecznienie w Arktyce Europejskiej i Grenlandii na podstawie danych z wybranych stacji strefy polarnej
Matuszko D., Celiński-Mysław D., Soroka J.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
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2015
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Nr 25
127--138
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zmienność usłonecznienia w rejonach polarnych na podstawie danych z wybranych stacji Arktyki Europejskiej i Grenlandii. Do ogólnej charakterystyki wykorzystano średnie sumy miesięczne ze standardowego 30-lecia (1961-1990) z 15 stacji położonych na północ od koła polarnego, natomiast szczegółową analizę wykonano na podstawie danych z Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie (lata 1979-2014) oraz ze stacji: Bjornoya (lata 1961-2004), Tromso (lata 1961-2014), Bodo VI (lata 1961-2005) i Barentsburg (lata 1961-2014). W strefie polarnej duży wpływ na wartości usłonecznienia oprócz czynników astronomicznych i cyrkulacyjnych mają warunki lokalne. Największe sumy roczne usłonecznienia występują na Grenlandii (Danmarkshavn – 1967 godzin) znajdującej się w strefie oddziaływania stałego wyżu, natomiast najmniejsze na stacji Bjornoya (595 godzin), co związane jest z położeniem wyspy na szlaku niżów i związanych z nimi frontów atmosferycznych powodujących duże zachmurzenie. Przebieg wieloletni usłonecznienia w rejonach na północ od koła polarnego w niewielkim stopniu nawiązuje do tendencji obserwowanych na stacjach w pozostałej części Europy – zmniejszenia liczby godzin ze słońcem w latach pięćdziesiątych do osiemdziesiątych XX wieku, a następnie wzrostu w ostatnich dwóch dekadach XX wieku.
EN
The aim of this study is to characterize sunshine duration in the polar regions based on the data from selected stations located north of the European Arctic and Greenland. Mean monthly totals of sunshine duration from standard 30-year period (1961-1990) from 15 stations located north of the Arctic Circle were used for general characteristics, and a detailed analysis was performed based on the data from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund (1961-2014) and from the stations: Bjornoya (1961-2004), Tromso (1961-2014), Bodo VI (1961-2005) and Barentsburg (1961-2014). In the polar regions, local conditions in addition to astronomical and circulation factors have influence on values of sunshine duration. Analysis of the variability of sunshine duration in the polar regions confirmed large regional differences of this element at the analyzed stations of European Arctic and Greenland. In the polar regions, apart from the astronomical factors (polar day and night), local conditions have a big impact on sunshine duration values (orography – horizon covering, the low position of the solar disc and methodical aspect of measurements – e.g. changing the traditional instrument for the automatic one). The conducted analysis showed that the course of annual sunshine duration depends mainly on the station location (latitude and cloudiness influenced by orographic and circulation factors). Similar annual course with a maximum in May occurs in stations located on similar latitudes (Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, Bjornoya, Thule and Danmarkshavn). However, the least sunshine is present Aat Bjornoya station (595 hours) due to heavy cloudiness associated with predominance of lows, and the largest in Danmarkshavn (1967), located within Greenland High. Based on the conducted analysis and cited literature it can be concluded that the long-term course of sunshine duration in the polar regions to a small extent refers to the trend observed in European stations. This fact can suggest anthropogenic causes of global dimming and brightening. Sunshine duration series from Barentsburg shows a statistically significant negative trend, while in Krakow, an increase of sunshine is observed, which is in line with trends in the rest of Europe.
6
Content available remote Comparison of techniques for Integrated Precipitable Water measurement in the polar region
Kruczyk M.
Geoinformation Issues
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2015
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Vol. 7, no. 1(7)
15--27
EN
Tropospheric delay estimates (tropospheric product) for selected International GNSS Service (IGS) and EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) stations made it possible to asses two areological techniques in the polar region (mainly in Greenland). Integrated Precipitable Water (IPW) – important meteorological parameter is derived from GPS tropospheric solutions by a known procedure for GPS stations. To convert from the wet part of tropospheric delay (ZWD) to IPW, the relation between 2 m temperature and the so-called mean temperature of the atmosphere above was derived using local radiosonde data for nearby GPS stations. Sunphotometer data were provided by AERONET (NASA AErosol RObotic NETwork). IPW comparisons lead to the determination of a systematic difference between the techniques of GPS IPW and sunphotometer data (not present in the case of RAOBs). IPW measured by sunphotometer CIMEL (Cimel Electronique) is several percent smaller than IPW from GPS (both IGS and EPN solution). The bias changes seasonally and is a function of atmospheric temperature. It signals some systematic deficiencies in solar photometry as the IPW retrieval technique. CIMEL IPW shows some temperature dependent bias also in relation to radiosoundings.
PL
Rozwiązania troposferyczne IGS i EPN zostały wykorzystane do przetestowania dwu technik pomiarów aerologicznych dla stacji GNSS w regionie polarnym (Grenlandia). Parametr meteorologiczny jakim jest scałkowana zawartość pary wodnej (IPW) został pozyskany za pomocą standardowej procedury opisanej w literaturze. Do przeliczania IPW z wilgotnej części opóźnienia opracowano lokalny model temperatury średniej (zależność linowa względem temperatury na wysokości 2 metrów nad powierzchnią ziemi) wyznaczony z radiosondowań prowadzonych w sąsiedztwie stacji GNSS. Pomiary fotometryczne udostępnia sieć pomiarów aerozoli AERONET działająca pod egidą NASA. Porównania kilkuletnich szeregów IPW wykazują systematyczne różnice między IPW z GNSS a fotometrem słonecznym (ale nie radiosondażem). IPW z fotometru jest nie tylko średnio kilka procent mniejsza niż z GNSS ale różnica ta zmienia się wraz z porami roku i temperaturą (co jest szczególnie widoczne w warunkach polarnych). To wykazuje pewien istotny problem z fotometrią słoneczną jako techniką pomiarów kolumnowej pary wodnej. Fotometr wykazuje systematyczną różnicę IPW (zależną od temperatury atmosferycznej) także w stosunku do wyników radiosondażu.
7
Content available Warunki hydrometeorologiczne w czasie rejsu s/t Jan Turlejski na Grenlandię latem 1960 roku
Zblewski S.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
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2014
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Nr 24
109-118
PL
W pracy analizie poddano warunki hydrometeorologiczne występujące podczas podróży s/t „Jan Turlejski” na Islandię i wody SW Grenlandii. Odnotowano kilka niebezpiecznych dla żeglugi zjawisk takich jak mgły powodujące obniżenie widzialności poziomej oraz niebezpieczeństwo zderzenia z górami lodowymi. Na wodach SW Grenlandii, na zachód od Przylądka Farewell statek napotkał pole zwartego lodu morskiego wskazujące na występowanie w lipcu 1960 roku „storisu”. W polu lodu morskiego dryfowały również różnej wielkości góry lodowe.
EN
Cruise of s/t "Jan Turlejski" to Greenland in summer 1960 took one month. During the trip, as a result of the mists, hydrometeorological conditions repeatedly worsened. Hazardous conditions were also recorded in SW Greenland waters, where drifting ice fields created by the ice throughout many years ("storis") were encountered twice. Some of ice reached the height of 3 meters above the water. The ship also encountered icebergs, one of which was 26 metres high above sea level. During the whole trip, there was no storm. Thanks to Greenland trip, in a few days on board in SW Greenland waters, it was possible to recognize the new fisheries, to investigate the possibility of using the right equipment and fishing techniques.
8
Content available Zmiany temperatury wody na Prądzie Zachodniogrenlandzkim w okresie 1982-2003
Zblewski S.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
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2004
|
nr 14
29-37
EN
This work deals with the changes in sea surface temperature (SST) in selected grids located along the West Greenland Current (Fig. 1). The West Greenland Current is a warm current, which transports warm waters to the bay/ gulf of the Baffin Sea and in this way has a great influence on the formation of ice cover and on air temperature in this area. The Reynolds's data set, version SST OI v.1., covering values of mean monthly SST in grids 1ox1o has been used as the data source. Yearly temperatures for selected grids have been calculated on the basis of mean monthly temperatures. The Reynolds's data set covers whole years from the period 1982-2002 (21years). This period is especially interesting because during these years (and also at present) an advanced process of sea ice cover degradation and an increase in air temperature has been observed in Arctic. At Greenland, especially during the past few years, an advanced process of ice melting on land was noted - summer ablation reaches the level of 1600-2000m. That is why changes in SST at the same time may also be interesting. Trends in chronological series of mean yearly values of SST in grids located along the West Greenland Current ([59°N, 44°W], [62°N, 52°W], [66°N, 56°W], [70°N, 58°W], [74°N, 60°W] and [76°N, 72°W] ) have been analysed. Such an analysis indicated that in all grids of the West Greenland Current the trends in water temperature prove to be positive and that these trends are statistically relevant (p < 0.05 ) in nearly all grids. An exception to this pattern is the sea area extending around the Cape Farewell (grid [59, 44] - the first part of the West Greenland Current} where the trends are very low and statistically not relevant (Tab. 1). The highest values of trends can be observed in grids [62, 52] (+0.059deg./year) and [74, 60] (+0.051deg./year) resulting in the increase in SST by 1.24°C and 1.07°C over the period of 21 years. These grids are located in the initial and final parts of the West Greenland Current. Far weaker trends were observed in central part of the current [70, 58] - +0.030deg./year and in grid [76, 72] - +0.035 deg/year. Yearly temperatures of water in the West Greenland Current prove to show strong correlation (see Fig. 2). The mean monthly values of SST have also been analysed. The highest values of trends (statistically relevant) were noted in grid [74, 60] in August (+0.193deg/year) and in September (+0.136deg/year) thus giving in the analysed period the increase in SST by 4.05°C and 2.86°C. Such distribution of trends in time indicates that the role of the summer warming of the sea surface has increased. Positive trends in spring and autumn months in grids [62, 52] and [66, 56] are statistically relevant. In grid [70, 58] positive trends are observed both in summer months as well as in winter ones and in the northernmost located grids positive and statistically relevant trends are observed in almost all months during which waters are ice free. Yearly values of SST in the south part of the West Greenland Current prove to show strong negative correlation with the Hurrell NAO index (r~ -0.7; see Fig. 4) the monthly values of SST show delayed correlation with the Hurrell NAO index; correlations which are statistically relevant were noted in the period from June to December, the maximum (r = -0.64 to ?0.74) in the period from August to October. Monthly and yearly values of SST which show statistically relevant correlation with the Hurrell NAO index disappear at latitude 67°N-68°N. In the analysed period the NAO index indicates weak negative trend which is not relevant (-0.052/year), however correlation of yearly SST with NAO index over the analysed period are statistically relevant, e.g. in grid 66°N, 056°W, they explain 45% of the observed changeability in SST (R = 0.69, F(1.19) = 17.6, p< 0.0005).
9
Content available remote Ikait CaCO3 bcir 6H2O i jego synteza
Włoś D., Żabiński W.
Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
|
2001
|
T. 27, z. 2--4
307-314
PL
Ikait CaCO3 bcir 6H2O jest rzadko spotykany w przyrodzie, ponieważ w temperaturach powyżej 5 stopni Celsjusza ulega rozkładowi (dehydratacji). Częściej rozpoznać można pseudomorfozy kalcytowe po ikaicie, określane zwykle nazwą glendonit. Syntezy sześciowodnego węglanu wapnia dokonano przestrzegając reżimu temperaturowego oraz dodając do roztworów wyjściowych (CaCl2 i Na2CO3) calgonu jako inhibitora wzrostu krystalitów kalcytowych. Uzyskany produkt miał postać dobrze wykształconych kryształów o pokroju jednoskośnym, o rozmiarach ok. 0,1 mm. Ich identyfikacji dokonano metodą rentgenograficzną
EN
Ikaite CaCO3 bcir 6H2O is a rather uncommon mineral, because at temperaturę above 5 degrees of Celsius it decomposes loosing water molecules. Morę often calcitic pseudomorphoses after ikaite (glendonites) can be found. In this paper a successful synthesis of calcium carbonate hexahydrate is described. Adequate temperature conditions (close to zero Celsius) and an addition of calgon as an inhibitor which blocks crystallization of more stable calcite were applied. The product obtained was developed as euhedral crystals with the monoclinic habit and sizes around 0.1 mm. The X-ray identification provided the pattern typical of ikaite
10
Content available remote Polscy fotogrameterzy na Grenlandii
Wałkuski J.
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
|
2000
|
nr 5
62--65
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