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1

Managing the real estate market based on stock market development and macro factors

Quang Luu Thu, Han Le Thi, Nguyen The Binh

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 27, No. 2

294-310

EN

By utilizing quarterly data in Vietnam, this study is the first paper to examine the causal relationship between stock market developments and real estate market developments. Three variables are used as a proxy of the stock market development: size, turnover ratio, and total value ratio. Total investment and expenditure on real estate are used as an indicator of real estate development. The highlight contribution is that the paper implements separate tests on the interrelationships between the variables through the results of variance decomposition and repulsion affecting these two markets. The multivariable vector autoregression model (VAR) and the Toda-Dolado methods are applied to fully consider the response of two variables. The results show a two-way causal relationship between the stock and the real estate market that diverges significantly from those of earlier research done in developed markets. The real estate market will experience a decline in the medium term when size and the total value ratio of the stock market decline. But in the long term, the stock market's size and total value ratio will gradually have less of an impact on the real estate market. In contrast, the trend of the impact of turnover ratio on the real estate market will gradually increase in the long term. This result offers empirical support for policymakers who manage the development of the real estate market based on macro factors and the stock market.

PL

Wykorzystując dane kwartalne w Wietnamie, niniejsze badanie jest pierwszym dokumentem badającym związek przyczynowy między rozwojem rynku akcji a rozwojem rynku nieruchomości. Jako wskaźnik rozwoju rynku akcji wykorzystano trzy zmienne: wielkość, wskaźnik obrotu i wskaźnik wartości całkowitej. Całkowite inwestycje i wydatki na nieruchomości są wykorzystywane jako wskaźnik rozwoju rynku nieruchomości. Najważniejszym wkładem jest to, że w artykule wdrożono oddzielne testy dotyczące wzajemnych powiązań między zmiennymi poprzez wyniki dekompozycji wariancji i odpychania wpływające na te dwa rynki. Wielozmienny model autoregresji wektorowej (VAR) i metody Toda-Dolado są stosowane w celu pełnego uwzględnienia odpowiedzi dwóch zmiennych. Wyniki wskazują na dwukierunkowy związek przyczynowy między rynkiem akcji a rynkiem nieruchomości, który znacznie odbiega od wyników wcześniejszych badań przeprowadzonych na rynkach rozwiniętych. Rynek nieruchomości doświadczy spadku w średnim okresie, gdy wielkość i całkowity wskaźnik wartości rynku akcji spadną. Jednak w dłuższej perspektywie wielkość rynku akcji i całkowity wskaźnik wartości będą stopniowo wywierać mniejszy wpływ na rynek nieruchomości. W przeciwieństwie do tego, trend wpływu wskaźnika obrotu na rynek nieruchomości będzie stopniowo wzrastał w długim okresie. Wynik ten stanowi empiryczne wsparcie dla decydentów, którzy zarządzają rozwojem rynku nieruchomości w oparciu o czynniki makro i rynek akcji.

2

An empirical analysis of Malaysian palm oil export to world main palm oil importing countries : evidence from a panel cointegration model

Hassan Nur Ain Mohd, Zakaria Kalsom, Salleh Kamalrudin Mohamed, Ahmad Siti Mashani

Operations Research and Decisions

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 1

61--73

EN

The paper explores the long-term causal relationships of Malaysian palm oil exports with the real effective exchange rate of the respective importing countries, palm oil consumption, vegetable oil production, and GDP growth. The study applied panel cointegration and causality approaches based on data from 10 main palm oil importing countries between 2004 and 2018. The impacts of economic growth, the effective real exchange rate, and the production of other vegetable oils by the main palm oil importing countries on Malaysian palm oil exports were found to be negative. However, palm oil consumption by the main palm oil importers was found to be a statistically significant positive determinant of Malaysian palm oil exports. This finding indicates that consumption has a direct positive effect on the demand for exports. A panel Granger causality analysis revealed a unidirectional causality between importing countries’ production of other vegetable oils and Malaysian exports of palm oil.

3

Determinants of entrepreneurial intention: a comparative analysis

Ragmoun Wided

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2022

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Vol. 25, No. 1

361--377

EN

The current research aims to investigate the relationship among economic growth, Environmental Efficiency (EE) and Entrepreneurial Intention (EI). To achieve this, the author has adopted a circular interactive system among environmental efficiency, economic growth and entrepreneurial intention for 49 developing and developed nations through panel causality analysis based on both cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity by country. The data used in this study ranged between 2001 and 2019 and was extracted from databases on the World Bank Indicators (WDIs) in addition to the Global Entrepreneurs Monitor database (GEM dataset). Based on the quantitative approach, the obtained data were analyzed using STATA. Results emphasize that a bidirectional causal association exists between economic growth and entrepreneurial intention. Findings related to environmental efficiency seem to be more restrictive. It can be concluded that an indirect and positive effect of environment efficiency on EI is significant only in high-income level countries. This paper provides new insights into the paradoxical effects and interrelations between economic growth and environmental efficiency on EI. Research confirms that entrepreneurship is a reflexive process defined through a specific mindset, and policymakers have to invest in environmental efficiency and strengthen policies to protect the environment and favor an entrepreneurial “feeling good” as a stimulator for EI. This study could also assist and guide researchers for future research to operationalize the results of the following study.

PL

Obecne badania mają na celu zbadanie związku między wzrostem gospodarczym, efektywnością środowiskową (EE) a intencjami przedsiębiorczymi (EI). Aby to osiągnąć, autor przyjął okrągły, interaktywny system między efektywnością środowiskową, wzrostem gospodarczym i intencją przedsiębiorczości dla 49 rozwijających się i rozwiniętych narodów poprzez panelową analizę przyczynowości opartą zarówno na przekrojowej zależności, jak i heterogeniczności w poszczególnych krajach. Dane wykorzystane w tym badaniu pochodziły z lat 2001-2019 i zostały pozyskane z baz danych dotyczących wskaźników Banku Światowego (WDI) oraz bazy danych Global Entrepreneurs Monitor (zestaw danych GEM). Opierając się na podejściu ilościowym, uzyskane dane przeanalizowano za pomocą programu STATA. Wyniki podkreślają, że istnieje dwukierunkowy związek przyczynowy między wzrostem gospodarczym a zamiarem przedsiębiorczości. Ustalenia związane z efektywnością środowiskową wydają się być bardziej restrykcyjne. Można stwierdzić, że pośredni i pozytywny wpływ efektywności środowiskowej na EI jest istotny tylko w krajach o wysokim poziomie dochodów. Artykuł ten dostarcza nowych informacji na temat paradoksalnych skutków i wzajemnych relacji między wzrostem gospodarczym a efektywnością środowiskową na EI. Badania potwierdzają, że przedsiębiorczość jest procesem refleksyjnym zdefiniowanym przez określony sposób myślenia, a decydenci muszą inwestować w efektywność środowiskową i wzmacniać polityki mające na celu ochronę środowiska i faworyzować przedsiębiorcze „dobre samopoczucie” jako stymulator EI. Badanie to może również pomóc i ukierunkować badaczy w przyszłych badaniach w celu zoperacjonalizowania wyników kolejnego badania.

4

Granger causal analysis of electrohysterographic and tocographic recordings for classification of term vs. preterm births

Saleem Saqib, Saeed Ahmed, Usman Shabnam, Ferzund Javed, Arshad Jahangir, Mirza Jawad, Manzoor Tareq

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 40, no. 1

454--467

EN

According to World Health Organization, 5-18% births around the world are premature, and this rate is on its rise. Recent trend has been to develop computational tools which could support obstetricians in their daily practice. This work is aimed at extracting novel diagnostic features for term vs. preterm births classification based on the dynamics of contraction and non-contractions (dummy) intervals. To achieve this, 26 uterine records of 18 pregnant women, resulting in 13 term and 13 preterm deliveries, were analyzed in this study. Each record was of 30-min duration, and comprised three electrohysterographic (EHG) and one externally recorded tocographic (Toco) signal. Granger causal analysis of contraction and dummy intervals of recorded signals was performed to extract potential features. These include coupling strength and directionality indices, and were subsequently utilized by a quadratic discriminator to classify between term and preterm births. The extracted features achieved high discriminatory power of 94%, 95%, 91%, and 97% for sensitivity, specificity, classification accuracy, and area under the ROC curve, respectively. These findings show that Granger causal analysis might be adopted as a computational tool to quantify EHG-Toco dynamics for the risk-assessment of the preterm delivery.

5

A multifaceted analysis of the relationship between daily temperature of river water and air

Graf Renata

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 3

905--920

EN

The aim of the study was to establish the strength and direction of the relationship between daily temperature of river water and air with the use of selected estimation methods. The relationship was assessed for the River Noteć and its tributaries (Western Poland), using the cross-correlation function and Granger causality. The study established cause-and-effect relations for “water–air” and “air–water” directions of influence. It was confirmed that forecasting the pattern of flowing water temperature from changes in air temperature yields better results when done based on data from the previous day. Results of modelling the relationship between data series with the use of the linear and natural cubic splines models confirmed the presence of a nonlinear relation. It was also established that there is a statistically significant correlation of random fluctuations for both temperature series on the same days. This made it possible to confirm the occurrence of short-term connections between water and air temperature. The results can be used to determine the qualities of thermal regimes and to predict temperature of river waters in the conditions of climate change.

6

Carbon emissions, energy use, gross domestic product and total population in China

Ahmad M., Hengyi H., Rahman Z. U., Khan Z. U., Khan S., Khan Z.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2018

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nr 2

32--44

EN

The current study explores the impact of energy consumption, total population, gross domestic product on carbon emissions by utilizing time series data of 1971-2013 for China. Earlier studies concentrated on testing the present form of an environmental Kuznets curve not taking total population in a model. Specifically, this study focuses on analyzing the long run existence of environmental Kuznets curve. The methodology of auto regressive distributed lag model is utilized. The quadratic linkage between national income and emissions of carbon have been detected, confirming the presence of long run linkage between quadratic national income and emissions of carbon. Granger causality test divulge one-way causality between gross domestic product and carbon emissions. The empirical findings also reveal that the energy use and national income are important factors of carbon emanations in the long run. Total population has an insignificant positive influence on emissions of carbon. It is suggested that government should focus to extract that substitute sources of energy which is more environmental friendly.

7

Linear and nonlinear intraday causalities in response to U.S. macroeconomic news announcements: Evidence from Central Europe

Gurgul H., Lach Ł., Wójtowicz T.

Managerial Economics

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2016

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Vol. 17, no. 2

217--240

EN

This paper deals with an analysis of the information flow on and between three European stock markets operating in Frankfurt, Vienna, and Warsaw. We examine causal links between returns, volatility, and trading volume as well as the time of reaction to a news release and changes in the duration of causal interference. To model the conditional variance, we use the ARMA(1,1)- EGARCH-M(1,1) model. We investigate linear and nonlinear Granger causalities on the three stock exchanges using Bayesian large sample correction of the critical values in significance tests. The results of our study confirm the dominant role of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, since the most significant linear relationship is the causality running from DAX30 returns to the returns of the ATX20 and WIG20 (which exists irrespective of the time of the day, presence of important public news, and lag length of the underlying VAR models). Moreover, the empirical results of this paper confirm the strong impact of announcements of macroeconomic news from the U.S. economy on the structure of both linear and nonlinear causal links on the three markets under study

8

Modeling the Evolution of the Romanian Textile Industry: Empirical Evidence of Lead-lag and Causal Relationships

Tudor C.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2012

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Vol. 20, no. 4 (93)

8--12

EN

The objective of this paper is to investigate and explain the evolution of the Romanian textile industry over the last decade. Potential explanatory factors, both systematic and industry-specific, for the dramatic industry decay are identified e.g. the disappearance of the primary industry, the continuous increase in the minimum wage in Romania, an acute labour shortage, the liberalisation and full integration of the textile industry into GATT in 2005 and the recent global economic crisis. Furthermore we present empirical evidence of the linkages and causality between the overall economic growth of Romania, the evolution of the country's textile industry and the rate of growth of the minimum wage in the economy during June 2000 and January 2011. We found that the lagged minimum wage growth and lagged textile industry sales growth together explain 80% of the future rate of growth in the country's gross domestic product (GDP). All econometric tests conducted using our dataset agree that past and contemporaneous increases in minimum wages have had a significant negative impact on the textile industry. Finally, Granger causality tests reveal that the rate of growth in the GDP is driven by sales in the textile industry, and at the same time textile industry sales also drives macroeconomic growth. This bilateral causality is significant at 5% in both cases, being stronger from the industry-level to the economy-level.

PL

Celem tej pracy jest badanie przemian rumuńskiego przemysłu tekstylnego w ciągu ostatniej dekady. Zidentyfikowano przyczyny zaniku przemysłu tekstylnego w Rumunii, zarówno wewnętrzne jak i zewnętrzne, w tym brak siły roboczej, liberalizacja i pełna integracja przemysłu tekstylnego w zakresie GATT w 2005 roku, a ostatnio globalny kryzys ekonomiczny.

9

The analysis of relations between primary fuel prices on the european market in the period 2001-2011

Papież M., Śmiech S.

Rynek Energii

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2011

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Nr 5

139-144

EN

Safety and development of a country depends on its capability to provide the energy it needs. So far the majority of energy has been obtained from non-renewable sources, i.e. crude oil, natural gas and steam coal. The aim of the article is to present the relations between the prices of the most important primary fuels on the European market in the period between October 2001 and May 2011. Causality between the prices will also be investigated. The identification of the mechanisms influencing prices on the raw material market will be conducted using the method of multiple time series analysis. The results of the analysis reveal that in this period the prices of crude oil, natural gas and steam coal were in a long-run equilibrium. Market mechanisms make the prices increase together and decrease together in the long-run, which, one may be tempted to explain by fundamental factors (especially changing economic conjuncture) and weather (bitterly cold winter), both causing substantial changes in the demand for energy sources. However, it is contradicted by the analysis of Granger causality, which shows that the variables of the system should not be treated in the same way.

PL

Celem referatu jest przedstawienie wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy cenami najważniejszych paliw pierwotnych (ropy, gazu ziemnego i węgla energetycznego) na rynku europejskim w okresie październik 2001- maj 2011. Warte odpowiedzi są pytania o przyczynowość występującą pomiędzy cenami. Identyfikacja mechanizmów oddziaływania cen na rynku surowców została prowadzona z wykorzystaniem metod analizy wielowymiarowych szeregów czasowych. Wyniki analizy pokazały, że analizowane ceny znajdowały się w długookresowej równowadze, a więc w długim okresie ceny wspólnie rosną i wspólnie spadają. Można by przypuszczać, że jest to spowodowane czynnikami fundamentalnymi (koniunkturą gospodarczą) i pogodowymi, które powodują zmiany popytu nośników energii. Niemniej przeprowadzona analiza przyczynowości w sensie Grangera pokazuje, że nie można wszystkich zmiennych systemu traktować tak samo. Główną inspiracją zmian cen nośników energii nieodnawialnej okazały się ceny ropy naftowej. Przeszłe ceny ropy pomagają prognozować pozostałe ceny surowców i mogą być traktowane jako przyczyny tych zmian. Z kolei przeszłe ceny gazu ziemnego (węgla energetycznego) nie mają znaczenia dla prognozowania cen ropy i węgla (gazu).

10

The impact of regional disparities on economic growth

Gurgul H., Lach Ł.

Operations Research and Decisions

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2011

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Vol. 21, No. 2

17-43

EN

The authors investigated how economic growth affects the disparity in the distribution of regional income in Poland and vice versa. The research was based on annual data covering the period 2000-2009. In general, the research was divided into two main parts. First, the authors examined the evolution of the level of spatial inequalities in income in Poland over the last decade using the concepts of sigma and beta convergence. Next the nature of causal dependences was investigated between this inequality and economic growth. It was found that Polish regions did not converge with respect to the distribution of income as total GDP grew. The second part of the research provided evidence to claim that this inequality caused growth. Moreover, the evidence was also found that growth affected regional inequality. Finally, the authors noticed that the effects of both these factors were positive. The results suggest that as a consequence of rapid economic growth, some regions in Poland seized new opportunities, while less developed regions were unable to keep up with the challenging requirements of a decade of fast economic growth.

11

Fixed capital and long run economic growth: evidence from Poland

Lach Ł.

Systems Science

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2010

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Vol. 36, no 4

33-50

EN

In this paper, the results of testing the causal interdependences between the gross fixed capital formation and GDP in Poland are presented. Some recent theoretical deliberations (like alternative method of testing for direction and sign of long run causality) and econometric tests (bootstrap procedure, nonlinear causality test) were applied. The dataset included quarterly data for the period Ql 2000-Q4 2009, however the research was also performed for non-crisis subsample (Q3 2002-Q2 2008). Due to theoretical (formulation of growth models) and practical (omission of important variables) reasons employment was chosen as an additional variable. The significant evidence of short run feedback between fixed assets and GDP as well as between fixed assets and employment were found in both periods analyzed. However, the long run positive impact of fixed capital on economic growth was found only for reduced sample. Moreover, the robustness of these results was also approved. The results of this paper provided evidence to claim that fixed capital in Poland is still under its growth-maximising level. Although participation in UE stimulated rise in fixed assets, economic crisis have distorted this process. The main policy recommendation resulting from this paper is that the Polish government and private sector should definitely increase the level of fixed investment.

12

International trade and economic growth in the Polish economy

Gurgul H., Lach Ł.

Operations Research and Decisions

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2010

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Vol. 20, No. 3-4

5-29

EN

The paper presents the results of examinations of linear and nonlinear causalities performed for international trade involving the Polish economy and its economic growth. In order to infer the impact of the world crisis on the Polish economy, two samples have been studied (containing quarterly data) – a full sample (Q1 1996–Q3 2009) and pre-crisis sample (Q1 1996–Q3 2008). The results of linear causality tests support the existence of feedback between the growth rate of exports and growth in gross domestic product (GDP) irrespectively of the time period chosen. For both the samples examined, no direct causal links between the growth rates of GDP and imports were detected. One can only suppose the existence of indirect links before the crisis. Bidirectional causality was found for growth rates of exports and imports only for the pre-crisis sample. Some weak evidence of a causal link running from the growth rate of imports to the growth rate of exports was also found for the period that covers the crisis, which may be interpreted as a confirmation of the fact that growth in imports also precedes growth in exports in bullish periods. It results from our computations that, at the time of the financial crisis of 2008, the main factor that caused Polish GDP growth to remain positive was domestic demand. The results of nonlinear causality analysis provided only weak evidence for causality running from GDP to exports, from GDP to imports and from imports to exports.