Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Modyfikacja kryterium oceny stanu zagrożenia pożarowego na przykładzie wskaźnika Grahama

Słowik Stanisław

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2022

|

T. 78, nr 4

45--55

PL

Przeanalizowano wyniki badań termicznego wygrzewania próbek węgli reprezentujących wszystkie grupy skłonności do samozapalenia wg klasyfikacji ujętej normą PN˗93/G˗04558. Zwrócono uwagę, że gazy wydzielane z zagrzewanych próbek osiągają różne stężenia w tej samej temperaturze zagrzania. Pokazano jak wpływa to na ocenę zagrożenia pożarowego przez wskaźnik Grahama. Spostrzeżenia odniesiono do warunków kopalnianych przeprowadzając analizę mieszania się gazów wydzielanych z zagrzanego węgla z powietrzem zrobowym dla dalekiej odległości ogniska zagrzania od miejsca pobrania próbki gazowej i bliskiej odległości. Omówiono wyniki tych analiz, które potwierdziły problem z interpretacją zagrożenia pożarowego w oparciu o wskaźniki pożarowe wykorzystujące gazy wydzielane podczas zagrzewania się węgla. Przykładem tego jest wskaźnik Grahama. Zaproponowano w jaki sposób temu przeciwdziałać. Podstawą jest ograniczenie rozrzutu wartości wskaźnika Grahama dla tej samej temperatury zagrzanego węgla oraz ustalenie wzorca pełniącego funkcję Wzorca odniesienia, do którego porównywane są przebiegi termicznego utleniania badanych próbek węgla i na tej podstawie korygowane są wartości kryterialne wskaźnika Grahama.Opisano przykład weryfikacji kryterium wskaźnika Grahama dla wybranych węgli. Podczas korygowania granic wskaźnika Grahama uwzględniono stopień rozcieńczenia gazów wydzielanych z zagrzanego węgla gazami zrobowymi i wpływ wartości niewiarygodnych wskaźnika Grahama na interpretację zagrożenia pożarowego.

EN

The results of thermal annealing of coal samples representing all groups of spontaneous combustion according to the classification included in the PN˗93/G˗04558 standard were analyzed. It was noted that gases released from the heated samples reach different concentrations at the same heating temperature. It is shown how this influences the assessment of fire hazard by the Graham’s ratio. The observations were related to mine conditions by analyzing the mixing of gases emitted from the heated coal with the longwall goafs air for the far distance of the source of heating from the gas sampling point and the near distance. The results of these analyzes are discussed, which confirmed the problem of interpreting the fire hazard based on fire indicators that are based on the concentrations of gases emitted when coal heats up. An example of this is the Graham’s ratio. It has been proposed how to counter this. The basis is to limit the scatter of Graham’s ratio values calculated for the same temperature of heated coal and to establish a standard, which serves as a Reference standard to which the courses of thermal oxidation of tested coal samples are compared and on this basis the criterion values of the Graham’s ratio are corrected. An example of verification of the Graham’s ratio criterion for selected coals is described. When correcting the limits of the Graham’s ratio, the degree of dilution of the gases emitted from the heated coal with the longwall goafs gases and the effect of the unreliable values of the Graham’s ratio on the interpretation of the fire hazard were taken into account.

2

The influence of nitrogen inertisation on Graham’s ratio value

Świerczek Lucjan

Archives of Mining Sciences

|

2021

|

Vol. 66, no. 2

197--211

EN

As a preliminary point, four longwalls, where inertisation of goafs using nitrogen was applied, have been characterised. Next, the issue concerning the unreliable Graham’s ratio values, which occur in certain ranges of its denominator value, were discussed. The reliability criterion of this indicator was also quoted. Afterwards, a basic statistical sample consisting of the results of chromatographic analyses of air samples taken from longwalls areas, where nitrogen inertisation was not applied and were classified by Graham’s ratio as samples safe from endogenous fire hazard was described. Then, the results of comparative analyses of the base sample with the concentrations of gases contained in air samples taken from the areas of the previously described four longwalls, which according to Graham’s ratio, were also safe from the endogenous fire were presented. Comparative analyses were performed before and after applying Graham’s ratio reliability criterion.

3

Criteria of Graham’s ratio application in areas subjected to nitrogen inertisation

Świerczek Lucjan

Archives of Mining Sciences

|

2020

|

Vol. 65, no. 3

627--640

EN

The introduction of the article presents the problem of interpreting the level of fire hazard basing on Graham’s ratio, which, in certain ranges of the value of its denominator, may be wrong. The range of credibility for the index is also discussed. The issue of nitrogen inertisation and its influence on the value of the discussed index is also addressed. To determine the influence, two statistical samples were set. They consisted of the results of precise chromatographic analyses of the air samples collected in the longwall areas which were not subjected to inertisation and in the areas where nitrogen was applied as the inert gas. Then, with Student’s t-test, there was conducted a comparative analysis of both groups with regard to the equality of the average concentrations of gases emitted in the coal self-heating process. At the end, there were developed criteria for the application of Graham’s ratio for the air samples of the increased content of nitrogen, which, according to the discussed index, did not indicate the occurrence of an endogenous fire hazard.