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Impact of Kishnica mines on pollution of the Graçanka River and water wells nearby, Kosovo

Kadriu Sadija, Sadiku Milaim, Kelmendi Mensur, Aliu Mehush, Mulliqi Ismet, Hyseni Arbër

Journal of Water and Land Development

2021

no. 48

16--21

Mining is an important economic activity in Kosovo. Artana and Kishnica mines are a part of the Trepça industrial complex and the increased exploitation of deposits has resulted in undesirable impact on the environment around the mining sites. More specifically, the mining activity caused water pollution. The aim of the study was to assess the physico-chemical parameters and presence of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe) in water samples of the Graçanka River and household wells in the area. The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used to determine metal concentrations. Samples were collected from five sites along the Graçanka River and from four private water wells during a period from September to November 2019. Concentrations of heavy metals in the Graçanka River were as follows Mn (24–1203 μg∙dm–3), Fe (11–785 μg∙dm–3), Ni (4–299 μg∙dm–3), Pb (2–22 μg∙dm–3), As (1–5 μg∙dm–3), Zn (344–1646 μg∙dm–3), Cr (1–2 μg∙dm–3) and Cd (<1 μg∙dm–3). The well waters were polluted by multiple metals (Mn > Fe > Ni > Pb) with concentrations of Mn 1834–36089 μg∙dm–3, Fe 158–3535 μg∙dm–3, Ni 82–1882 μg∙dm–3, Pb 5–45 μg∙dm–3, As 2–19 μg∙dm–3, Cd 1–12 μg∙dm–3, Zn 979–23474 μg∙dm–3 and Cr 1–2 μg∙dm–3. The pollution has been caused by industrial (mining-related) and urban discharges. The contamination originates from the release of flotation process waste and from the leaching of the tailings dam. Most probably, rainwater has washed contaminants into the aquifers and the Graçanka River. River water is not suitable for irrigation and well water is not suitable for consumption or irrigation. Wastewater should be treated before discharge and the tailings area should be remediated in order to stop the pollution.