Geological mapping is a highly interpretive and scientific process that produces a range of map products for many different uses, basically for sustainable land and mineral resources management. This is a primary and principal task of all geological surveys in the world. The establishment of the Polish Geological Institute in 1919 founded a basic framework for geological mapping in Poland. After the Second World War, an extensive production of geological (serial, regional and thematic) maps at different scales in atlases and scientific publications was initiated. Within the past 30 years, geographic information system (GIS) technology has begun to change geologic mapping by providing software tools, a use of which permits geological data to be electronically stored, displayed, queried and analysed in conjunction with a seemingly infinite variety of other data types. The fully automatic process of map generalization and its founding on hierarchic geological vocabularies will enable flexible presentation of geological data while passing from one scale to another. New technological advances and international standards in description, collection, exchange and visualisation ofgeological data, as well as its connection with external resources, will result in substantial enrichment of information in databases and will create new possibilities in search and use of data in the Web.
The international initiative of Geological Surveys OneGeology is 5 years old this year. Currently, 117 countries participate in OneGeology. Thanks to international cooperation, a geological map of the world is being created. This is the first one constructed as a distributed data system, where the owners and distributors are individual countries. According to the assumptions presented in OneGeology a superficial and bedrock geology maps are produced in a digital format. The process of implementation and testing of the GeoSciML geological data exchange language has already begun and it ensures the geological data interoperability. This is the first step in the efforts to harmonize data. The result will be a consistent map, where the geological units will be defined clearly and artificialfaults along the administrative borders, being a result of differences in geological interpretation of the same rocks, will disappear. The Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute provides a geological map of Poland at a scale of1 :1 000 000 as WMS and WFS web services. Currently, other maps are in preparation, which allow knowing the general surface and subsurface geological structure ofPoland. The PGI-NRI, as a participant of OneGeology initiative, conducts also numerous presentations to popularize the project among representatives of the geological surveys including Angola, Ukraine and Albania. The result ofPolish-Ukrainian cooperation is Geological Map of Ukraine published as WMS.
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Zastosowanie języka znacznikowego GeoSciML stwarza możliwości dla rozwoju wymiany danych geologicznych nie tylko w obrębie kraju, ale przede wszystkim pomiędzy państwami i kontynentami. Dzięki wdrożeniu GeoSciML stały się możliwe prace związane z harmonizacją modeli danych, zarówno semantyczną jak i geometryczną oraz analizowanie i usunięcie rozbieżności wynikających z różnego sposobu definiowania pojęć geologicznych. Rozwój standardu zależy przede wszystkim od zaangażowania służb geologicznych, których dane, dzięki międzynarodowym inicjatywom, stają się poligonem badawczym. Dopracowanie standardu na poziomie ogólnym, pozwoli na dalsze uszczegóławianie. Niniejszy artykuł podsumowuje dobiegającą końca pierwszą fazę wdrożeniową GeoSciML, ściśle związaną z udziałem PIG-PIB w europejskim projekcie OneGeology-Europe. Testowane rozwiązania oparte na wolnym oprogramowaniu będą stanowić uzupełnienie dla Zintegrowanego Systemu Kartografii Geologicznej IKAR, zbudowanego na platformie ESRI z zastosowaniem wszystkich obowiązujących standardów i specyfikacji ISO i OGC dotyczących usług i metadanych.
EN
The Geoscience Markup Language (GeoSciML) - a language for geological data exchange - is based on the Geography Markup Language (GML). Thanks to the international initiative of Geological Surveys OneGeology and the European project OneGeology-Europe, GeoSciML has been tested for the last two years. Additionally, lithological, genetic, stratigraphical and others descriptions from geological maps at scales from 1: 500,000 to 1: 1,000,000 made defining of requirements possible. The present stage of implementation and tests will be completed in the second half of this year. Poland is represented by the Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute that functions as Polish Geological Survey.
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