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1 Zachariasz A.

1 2007

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Odczytywanie historii zapisanej w krajobrazie

Zachariasz A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2007

T. 5, z. 8

43-56

The paper describes the usefulness of cartographic and iconographic sources for landscape research, especially for analysis of the layout of 18th and 19th century gardens. The 18th century landscape gardening was understood as an art of earth shaping. At that time, aesthetic aspect of landscape shaping became a very important factor influencing the design. Landscape is a part of historical heritage, and this is a patchwork influenced by different cultural trends and changes in the societies. All these factors affected historic identity of a place. Landscape studies provide valuable information about history of a place and local economy at particular time. These studies of landscape involve multidisciplinary research and analysis, when reading messages from the landscape patchworks. This paper presents a methods of reading history from landscape. The studies were done using composed garden systems, which have lost their original splendor but are still valuable parts of cultural heritage. The studies are based on Galician cadastral plans, made in Beskid Niski and Pogorze, for a taxation purposes, in the years 1846-1854. The maps are very precise and their legend contains 133 marks (including .English park.). The gardens in this area, especially .English gardens., present a high level of garden design. The cadastral maps show how fast new European trends were adapted in our Polish culture and how easily they were developing in Polish landscape emphasizing its beauty. The characteristic feature of the gardens is regional variety. The region of Beskid Niski and Pogorze, which is very picturesque, full of forests, ravines, streams and rivers made this task much easier for the gardeners. Taking the cadastral maps into consideration, one can distinguish four types of compositions: formal, natural, composite and devoid of style layouts.