This paper summarizes some effects that influence the estimation of station coordinates in case of no physical movement of the station itself. The examples of receiver tracking performance, antenna phase center variation and reliability of tropospheric estimation are assessed in detail. For the first effect the results of performance tests of the newly introduced GPS receiver Leica GRX1200 and the antenna Leica AX1202 are presented. The second effect is summarized in a section about the different types of antenna phase center corrections and respective calibration techniques. Within field tests the sensitivity and repeatability of antenna phase center variation were assessed. Thirdly, the results of a field experiment including GPS and microwave radiometry are presented to evaluate the reliability of tropospheric estimations and GPS derived station heights.
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