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1
GENESIS: integracja technik geodezji satelitarnej w przestrzeni kosmicznej
Nowak Adrian, Sośnica Krzysztof
Przegląd Geodezyjny
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2023
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R. 95, nr 4
21--23
PL
W 2022 roku Europejska Agencja Kosmiczna podjęła decyzję o sfinansowaniu GENESIS - pierwszej misji satelitarnej dedykowanej w całości geodezji. Misja ta będzie posiadała na pokładzie instrumenty do łączenia czterech technik geodezyjnych, które zostaną skorygowane względem siebie za pomocą starannie skalibrowanych centrów fazowych celem wyznaczenia wektorów wiążących w przestrzeni kosmicznej (ang. space ties). Integracja różnych technik geodezyjnych w przestrzeni kosmicznej pozwoli na rozwiązanie problemów związanych z niespójnościami i błędami pomiędzy nimi, a także otworzy nowe możliwości realizacji układów odniesienia. Dzięki temu społeczność naukowa zbliży się do wypełnienia celów Globalnego Geodezyjnego Systemu Obserwacyjnego, czyli dokładności układów geodezyjnych na poziomie 1 mm oraz ich stabilności w czasie o wartości nieprzekraczającej 0.1 mm/rok. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje nowości technologiczne misji GENESIS oraz ich znaczenie w realizacji globalnych ziemskich układów odniesienia w kontekście różnic względem dotychczasowych rozwiązań.
EN
In 2022, the European Space Agency has decided to fund GENESIS, the first satellite mission dedicated entirely to geodesy. The mission will have instruments onboard to integrate four geodetic techniques, which will be corrected against each other using carefully calibrated phase centers to determine space ties. The integration of different space geodetic techniques will resolve inconsistencies and errors between them, and open up new possibilities for realizing reference frames. As a result, the scientific community will come closer to realizing the goals of the Global Geodetic Observing System, i.e. the accuracy of geodetic frames at the level of 1 mm and their temporal stability of no more than 0.1 mm/year. This article describes the technological innovations of the GENESIS mission and their significance in the realization of the global terrestrial reference frames in the context of their differences from existing solutions.
2
Content available Global Geodetic Observing System in Poland 2019–2022
Sosnica Krzysztof, Zajdel Radosław, Bosy Jarosław
Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation
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2023
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Vol. 72, no. 1
art. no. e38, 2023
EN
This paper summarizes the contribution of Polish scientific units to the development of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) in recent years. We discuss the issues related to the integration of space geodetic techniques and co-location in space onboard Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) and Low Earth Orbiters (LEO), as well as perspectives introduced by the new European Space Agency’s (ESA) mission GENESIS. We summarize recent developments in terms of the European Galileo system and its contribution to satellite geodesy and general relativity, as well as ESA’s recent initiative – Moonlight to establish a satellite navigation and communication system for the Moon. Recent progress in troposphere delay modeling in Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) allowed for better handling of systematic errors in SLR, such as range biases and tropospheric biases. We discuss enhanced tropospheric delay models for SLR based on numerical weather models with empirical corrections, which improve the consistency between space geodetic parameters derived using different techniques, such as SLR, GNSS, and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). Finally, we review recent progress in the development of Polish GGOS scientific infrastructure in the framework of the European Plate Observing System project EPOS-PL.
3
Content available Global Geodetic Observing System 2015–2018
Sośnica Krzysztof, Bosy Jarosław
Geodesy and Cartography
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2019
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Vol. 68, no. 1
121--144
EN
Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) was established in 2003 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) with the main goal to deepen understanding of the dynamic Earth system by quantifying human-induced Earth’s changes in space and time. GGOS allows not only for advancing Earth Science, including solid Earth, oceans, ice, atmosphere, but also for better understanding processes between different constituents forming the system Earth, and most importantly, for helping authorities to make intelligent societal decisions. GGOS comprises different components to provide the geodetic infrastructure necessary for monitoring the Earth system and global changes. The infrastructure spreads from the global scale, through regional, to national scales. This contribution describes the GGOS structure, components, and goals with the main focus on GGOS activities in Poland, including both the development of the geodetic observing infrastructure as well as advances in processing geodetic observations supporting GGOS goals and providing high-accuracy global geodetic parameters.
4
Content available Introduction to joint analysis of SLR and GNSS data
Szafranek K., Schillak S.
Reports on Geodesy
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2012
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z. 1/92
143--154
EN
The paper presents models, parameters and assumptions concerning Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data processing, which will be conducted in the frame of a project concerning comparison of the site coordinates determined using these two techniques. The analysis will be performed by two research units: the Space Research Center (Polish Academy of Science) and the Center of Applied Geomatics (Military University of Technology) and will take into account the data from all global stations adopting SLR and GNSS techniques that were operating in the same time (from 1996 to 2011). The main goal is to obtain exact coordinates and their changes in time (velocities) on the basis of both techniques and to compare the results. The stations’ coordinates will be determined for the common reference epoch - for the first day of each month. According to the recommendations of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), the same models and parameters from IERS Conventions 2010 will be used in both processing strategies (if possible). Monthly orbital arcs for laser observations will be created on the basis of solutions from several SLR sites providing best quality results and the highest number of observations. For GNSS coordinates determination of about 100 sites belonging to International GNSS Service (IGS) will be selected: 30 with local ties to SLR sites and others chosen on the basis of their localization and quality of time series.
5
Content available Describing GGOS objects using standardized methods
Pachelski W., Zwirowicz-Rutkowska A.
Reports on Geodesy
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2012
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z. 1/92
213--225
EN
GGOS can be considered as the set of the interrelated objects, which are assigned to each of the GGOS pillars. Both the multiplicity and the diversity of the GGOS object, but also the diversity of the objects interrelations bring about the complexity of the information structure of GGOS. To assure better understanding of the universe of discourse, deeper and more systematic analysis and interpretation of phenomena in the field of GGOS, in terms of the standardized methods and IT techniques and knowledge (such as UML, model driven approach of systems designing and the methodology based on the ISO19100 series of geographic information standards), the strict description of the information structure of GGOS should be provided. Such a description is the step in the process of designing and deployment of the computerized knowledge bases and the expert systems. In the paper some examples of GGOS issues in the terms of selected IT techniques are presented. There is both the description of the static structure of GGOS (e.g. class diagrams, the objects catalogue) and the dynamic one (e.g. activity diagrams, use case diagrams). The methodology being under discussion in this paper is a new assumption, which may be useful for doing research on the fields of each of GGOS pillars and interrelationships between them.
6
Content available Dependences in the pillar 'Earth's gravity field' of GGOS - description using UML notation
Paśnicka M., Szafranek K., Zwirowicz-Rutkowska A.
Reports on Geodesy
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2012
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z. 1/92
135--142
EN
Earth’s gravity field is one of three pillars of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). Gravity measurements are made using both classical methods by the means of ground measurement facilities (relative and absolute gravimetry) and methods based on the satellite techniques (SLR, missions CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE) or airborne gravimetry. The main objective of this GGOS pillar is to determine geoid’s shape, Earth’s static gravitational potential and temporal variations induced by solid Earth processes and mass transport in the global water cycle. The paper presents relationships between the main classes of diagrams of the Earth’s gravity field described using UML (Unified Modelling Language). Such description can be helpful in the analysis of the gravitational field pillar linkages with other pillars of GGOS. The main purpose of this paper is to give the full explanation of connections between all Earth’s gravity field GGOS components. Key words: Earth’s gravity field, UML, GGOS.
7
Content available remote Geokinematics in GGOS - different relations and dependences
Pachelski W., Paśnicka M., Szafranek K., Zwirowicz-Rutkowska A.
Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy
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2011
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Vol. 46, No. 1
9--17
EN
The paper presents the preliminary results of the analysis of fundamental dependencies between different geodetic concepts related to the one of the GGOS (Global Geodetic Observation System) pillars called Geometry and Kinematics. These relationships are described using UML (Unified Modelling Language) – one of the graphical notations that can be used for information modelling. Concepts are represented as classes with their names, attributes, and different kinds of links between them. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the full description of connections between all GGOS components.
8
Content available GGOS information models: analysis of interrelations between observation techniques and the Earth gravity field
Pachelski W., Paśnicka-Pawłowska M., Szafranek K., Zwirowicz A.
Reports on Geodesy
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2008
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z. 2/85
61-70
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