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Badanie płaskości oraz chropowatości powierzchni modeli cienkościennych wykonanych technologią przyrostową Fused Deposition Modeling

Zmarzły Paweł, Klamka Magdalena, Szwej Wiktoria, Wróblewska Eliza

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2023

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Vol. 26, nr 2

27--32

EN

3D printing technologies are gaining popularity year by year. They allow for a significant improvement in the production of prototypes and utility models. In addition, 3D printing facilitates the production of thin-walled elements and complex shapes, which is difficult when using traditional manufacturing methods. It should be noted that the technological parameters of 3D printing, such as the printing orientation and the thickness of a single layer, are very important because they affect the printing time, material expenditure and the dimensional accuracy of the printed details. There are many types of 3D printers, the operating principle of which and the building material used are different. However, one of the most popular and available types of additive manufacturing is Fused Deposition Technology. Therefore, detailed studies of this technology are particularly desirable by economic entities. The article presents research aimed at assessing the influence of the print direction and the thickness of a single layer of a building material on the flatness deviation and the 3D surface roughness parameters. Special thin-walled models were designed and printed from PLA material using a printer named MakerBot Replicator+. The research results presented in the article showed that the direction of printing and the thickness of a single layer of building material in the Fused Deposition Modeling Technology affect the roughness parameters, flatness and printing time of the produced models.

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Prediction of the influence of printing parameters on the residual stress using numerical simulation

Alzyod Hussein, Ficzere Péter

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2022

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Vol. 4, nr 1

150-156

EN

Fused Deposition Modeling is an additive manufacturing technology that is used to create a wide range of parts and applications. Along with its benefits, there are some challenges regarding the printed parts' mechanical properties, which are associated with printing parameters like layer thickness, printing speed, infill density, printing temperature, bed temperature, infill pattern, chamber temperature, and printing orientation. One of the most crucial challenges in additive manufacturing technology is the residual stress, which significantly affects the parts like fatigue life, cracks propagation, distortions, dimensional accuracy, and corrosion resistance. Residual stress is hard to detect in the components and sometimes is costly to investigate. Printing specimens with different parameters costs money and is timeconsuming. In this work, numerical simulation using Digimat-AM software was employed to predict and minimize the residual stress in printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material using Fused Deposition Modeling technology. The printing was done by choosing six different printing parameters with three values for each parameter. The results showed a significant positive correlation between residual stress and printing temperature and infill percentage and a negative correlation with layer thickness and printing speed. At the same time, we found no effect of the bed temperature on the residual stress. Finally, the minimum residual stress was obtained with a concentric infill pattern.

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Influence of Mould Material on the Mechanical Properties of Wax Models

Kroma Arkadiusz, Brzęk P.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, iss. 3

48--52

EN

The article presents results of research on the influence of the mould material on selected mechanical properties of wax models used for production of casting in investment casting method. The main goal was to compare the strength and hardness of samples produced in various media in order to analyse the applicability of the 3D printing technology as an alternative method of producing wax injection dies. To make the wax injection dies, it was decided to use a milled steel and 3D printed inserts made using FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) / FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) technology from HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). A semi-automatic vertical reciprocating injection moulding machine was used to produce the wax samples made of Freeman Flakes Wax Mixture – Super Pink. During injection moulding process, the mould temperature was measured each time before and after moulding with a pyrometer. Then, the samples were subjected to a static tensile test and a hardness test. It was shown that the mould material influences the strength properties of the wax samples, but not their final hardness.

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Virtual additive manufacturing based on semicrystalline polymer polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

Bajerski Paweł, Pęcherski Ryszard B., Chudy Damian

Engineering Transactions

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2019

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

157--165

EN

Virtual additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the new directions of research that is necessary to improve AM technology. Abaqus/SIMULIA software allows to simulate the whole process using user subroutines to expand solver capabilities. Two of the most important subroutines are UepActivationVol and UMATHT. The UepActivationVol is related to an activation of elements in accordance with the defined path of the process. The second one the UMATHT is used to implement and combine thermal and crystallization process [2]. The presented investigations describe the dual crystallization kinetics model for considered high temperature thermoplastic material Polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Furthermore, it is shown how to analyse the overall process with use of Abaqus/SIMULIA software. The innovation of the presented approach lies in the proper interpreting of the G-Code from Computeraided manufacturing software (CAM), which is an input for the real machines dedicated to AM. The path (coordinates of discrete points) and time of particular steps of the manufacturing process are extracted from the G-Code and are included as input parameters in the simulation code. The discretized part is simplification of the Computer-aided design (CAD) geometry. The final results show the effect implemented in user subroutines. Additionally, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) test results are presented in order to calculate crystallization and melting parameters. The presented work is the basis of the following investigations covering prediction of residual stresses, volumetric shrinkage and deformations.

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Polyurethanes as a Potential Medical-Grade Filament for Use in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printers – a Brief Review

Przybytek A., Gubańska I., Kucińska-Lipka J., Janik H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2018

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Vol. 26, no. 6 (132)

120--125

EN

The possibility of using 3D printing technology (3DP) in medical field is a kind of revolution in health care. This has contributed to a rapid growth in demand for 3D printers, whose systems and materials are adapted to strict medical requirements. In this paper, we reporta brief review of polyurethanes as a potential medical-grade filament for use in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer technology. The advantages of polyurethanes as medical materials and the basic operating principles of FDM printers are presented. The review ofpresent solutions in the market and literature data confirms the large interest in 3D printing technologies for the production of advanced medical devices. In addition, it is shown that thermoplastic-elastomer polyurethanes may be an effective widespread class of material inthe market as thermoplastic filament for FDM 3D printers.

PL

Możliwość stosowania technologii druku 3D (3DP) do zastosowań w medycynie stanowi swego rodzaju rewolucję w służbie zdrowia. Przyczyniło się to do znaczącego wzrostu zapotrzebowania na nowe drukarki oraz materiały, które są dostosowane do wymagań medycznych. W artykule przedstawiono zalety materiałów poliuretanowych, które mogą znaleźć zastosowanie jako filamenty klasy medycznej do druku 3D w technologii Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Opisano również podstawowe zasady działania drukarek FDM. Przegląd dostępnych rozwiązań przemysłowych oraz doniesień literaturowych potwierdził słuszność stosowania technologii druku 3D do produkcji spersonalizowanych wyrobów medycznych, wskazując jednocześnie na niewystarczającą liczbę dostępnych certyfikowanych biomedycznych materiałów dedykowanych tej technologii.

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Wytrzymałość struktury sześciokątnej otrzymanej metodą drukowania FDM

Jaruga T., Modławski M.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2016

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T. 22, Nr 5 (173)

428--437

PL

Zbadano wytrzymałość struktury sześciokątnej o różnej wielkości otworów: 5, 10 oraz 15 mm a także dwóch różnych sposobach wytworzenia tych elementów metodą przyrostową FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), różniącymi się sposobem prowadzenia wytłaczanego tworzywa. Wytrzymałość struktury określano za pomocą badania polegającego na obciążaniu próbki umieszczonej w uchwycie z otworem. Ustalono, że wytrzymałość struktury o wielkości otworów 15 mm i 10 mm to odpowiednio: 34% oraz 53% w stosunku do wytrzymałości struktury 5 mm. Ponadto, zarejestrowano różnicę wytrzymałości struktury w zależności od sposobu nakładania wytłaczanego tworzywa w kolejnych warstwach oraz od zastosowania retrakcji.

EN

Strength of the hexagonal structure of 5, 10 and 15 mm hole dimension and made by different options of FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) was tested. The strength was determined in the test of loading the samples fixed over a hole. It was stated that the strength of 15 mm and 10 mm structure is respectively 34% and 53% of the 5 mm structure. Moreover, significant difference in strength depending on the manufacturing strategy and using or not the retraction option was noticed.

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Impact strength of ABS parts manufactured using fused deposition modeling technology

Górski F., Kuczko W., Wichniarek R.

Archives of Mechanical Technology and Automation

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2014

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Vol. 34, no. 1

3--12

EN

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widespread additive manufacturing technology, which allows to obtain models of complex geometry without any tooling, directly from the digital CAD representation. It has been found out during numerous studies, that strength of products obtained using this technology is lower than strength of products manufactured of the same material, but with conventional technologies such as injection molding. Furthermore, the strength is greatly affected by orientation of part in the working chamber during manufacturing. The paper describes experimental research aimed at examining the influence of the orientation on impact strength of ABS parts produced with this technology. Test samples of various orientations were prepared and subjected to Charpy impact test. Also, a number of reference samples were prepared with injection molding of the same ABS material. Analysis of research results confirmed the assumptions made and allowed to make some important observations regarding strength of models produced with FDM technology.

PL

W artykule opisano badania eksperymentalne mające na celu zbadanie wpływu orientacji na udarność wyrobów z ABS wytwarzanych techniką Fused Deposition Modeling. Próbki wytworzone przy różnych orientacjach poddano testowi udarności młotem Charpy'ego. Oprócz tego wytworzono metodą wtrysku próbki referencyjne z tego samego materiału ABS. Analiza wyników badań potwierdziła wstępne tezy oraz ważne obserwacje dotyczące wytrzymałości wyrobów kształtowanych techniką FDM.