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Arrowheads of the Štramberk type from Spytkowice 26 (district of Wadowice) against the background of the Eneolithic chipped industries

Kenig Robert

Folia Quaternaria

2019

nr 87

59--73

This paper presents the Štramberk type arrowheads found during excavations in Spytkowice in 1993 and 2019. They represent a local Eneolithic phenomenon known mostly from the Moravia region and Silesia on both sides of the Polish-Czech border. However, some examples from outside of this area are discussed as well. The main aim is to present them against the background of other artefacts of this type, and against Eneolithic arrowheads in general. The phenomenon in question seems to be intercultural and its origins may be connected with late Lengyel culture groups, although such arrowheads were also found in Funnel Beaker culture contexts and, as suggested by some researchers, may continue even as late as the Early Bronze Age.

Archaeobotanical analysis of abundant cereal finds from Kraków Nowa Huta Mogiła 62 – getting back to the old story

Kapcia M., Mueller-Bieniek A.

Folia Quaternaria

2018

nr 86

217--231

A large assemblage of charred cereal grains was found at the multicultural site Kraków Nowa Huta Mogiła 62 during a rescue excavations performed in the late 1960s. It provided valuable source of material for archaeobotanical and stable isotope studies. Both current botanical analyses of six subsamples and new radiocarbon dates of the top and the bottom of the layer indicated their Middle Neolithic origin (the Funnel Beaker culture). Despite the earlier suspicion that the material was disturbed by the construction work, the field documentation stored in the Archaeological Museum and the new archaeobotanical analyses indicate that the layer with the cereal grains, which was found at the depth of 300–330 cm was in fact, undisturbed. The cereals (mostly emmer with admixture of einkorn) were stored in a form of spikelets (as indicated by proportions of chaff and grains) and the assemblage was a final product of harvest cleaning (as suggested by low number of arable weeds). Values of stable carbon and nitrogen ratios suggest that the storage contained cereals originated from plots of different level of manuring and similar soil moisture, however more isotopic measurements are necessary to confirm that hypothesis. It is also supported by different proportions of taxa in the studied subsamples. Most of the emmer grains were sprouted before charring. We assume the grain was spoilt by excessive humidity of the storage conditions.