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Drugie domy we współczesnej wsi francuskiej

Gonda-Soroczyńska E.

Architektura Krajobrazu

2006

nr 3-4

80-87

The French view their native villages and their problems in various ways. Up to 27% of people concludes that rural areas have a real power of attraction., and that they would like to live in a little village, especially at the seaside or in the mountains. Only 8% of people inhabiting villages would prefer to live in cities. Huge interest in villages is shown by people with high income and long work period, who would gladly change their present place of living. Such people first of all notice the benefits and quality of the surrounding, beautiful and natural landscape, quietness and other possibilities of leisure than in cities. There are also quite a few people in France who live simultaneously in a few places, especially because of the work they perform, seldom because of leisure reasons. In different regions of the country such a situation also varies. In France, more and more villages are of a typically character for inhibition. Up to 60% of houses are co called "second houses", where richer French spend their holidays and weekends. At the end of the 19th century in France cities were developing very rapidly. With intensive increase of population. Simultaneously a decline in villages was noticed and mass emigrations of village inhabitants which caused their depopulation. Increase of emigration from rural areas was called a rural exodus (excode rural). Presently the situation is undergoing a slow change. A slow rise of population can be noticed in some rural areas. The French build their second, new house which has only a habitable purpose. They often adapt deserted farms for habitable purposes or habitable and service ones. Economical crisis which last many years, the process of devastation of neglected buildings and infrastructure has created and still creates a great challenge for commune self-governments as far as village renewal is concerned. They have a great range of actions in creating the conditions which would provoke the return of people to the village. Presently the birth of the new tendency of returning to one's roots can be seen. And the slogan Ťvivre au paysť is very popular. It promotes life in small towns. Exposes the essence of closeness of interpersonal relations. Migration of people who retire after their professional activity has ended has become very popular among those who return to their place of birth. However economical and employment problems still exist at rural areas. A decrees of agriculture importance and competition in non-agricultural sectors can also be noticed. Many projects which aim at village renewal are carried out in France. These are projects leading most of all to building development and infrastructure renovation, protection of cultural heritage and tourism development. Actions to limit interference in local landscape and actions to protect the landscape are also targets of those projects.