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A French corpus annotated for multiword expressions and named entities

Candito Marie, Constant Mathieu, Ramisch Carlos, Savary Agata, Guillaume Bruno, Parmentier Yannick, Cordeiro Silvio Ricardo

Journal of Language Modelling

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2020

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Vol. 8, No. 2

415--479

EN

We present the enrichment of a French treebank of various genres with a new annotation layer for multiword expressions (MWEs) and named entities (NEs).1 Our contribution with respect to previous work on NE and MWE annotation is the particular care taken to use formal criteria, organized into decision flowcharts, shedding some light on the interactions between NEs and MWEs. Moreover, in order to cope with the well-known difficulty to draw a clear-cut frontier between compositional expressions and MWEs, we chose to use sufficient criteria only. As a result, annotated MWEs satisfy a varying number of sufficient criteria, accounting for the scalar nature of the MWE status. In addition to the span of the elements, annotation includes the subcategory of NEs (e.g., person, location) and one matching sufficient criterion for non-verbal MWEs (e.g., lexical substitution). The 3,099 sentences of the treebank were double-annotated and adjudicated, and we paid attention to cross-type consistency and compatibility with the syntactic layer. Overall inter-annotator agreement on non-verbal MWEs and NEs reached 71.1%. The released corpus contains 3,112 annotated NEs and 3,440 MWEs, and is distributed under an open license.

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Istota "Białej księgi bezpieczeństwa i obronności" Francji

Barthlen C.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2008

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nr 1(70)A Numer specjalny

93-99

3

Perspective and aspect in narrative generation

Lessard G., Levison M.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2005

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Vol. 15, no. 4

595-602

EN

The generation of narrative texts poses particular difficulties with respect to the interplay of description and narration, the recounting and interpretation of events from different perspectives, and the interweaving of dialogue and narration. Starting from previous work within the VINCI natural language generation environment, we show how a model of perspective and aspect proposed in the 1960's by the linguist Andre Burger allows for a significant enrichment of generated narratives in these three respects.

4

Wieże telegrafu optycznego w krajobrazie Francji

Herkt-Knapp D.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2004

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nr 1-2

30-35

EN

Long distance information transfer was known already since ancient times. People were always trying to improve the transfer going farther and faster. Some methods were based on smoke or light signals, other methods used horses or couriers carrying post for special fee. Considerable improvement in an information transfer came in 18th century when Claude Chappe invented and patented the optical telegraph system. It was a visual communication network based on towers equipped with so called semaphores. Very quickly this invention gained an acknowledgement of the French government. In the beginning of 19th century, 29 largest towns gained permanent telegraphic link to Paris. Around 50 years later, the optical telegraph system of C. Chappe was replaced by technically more advanced and easier to use electrical telegraph. Monumental towers of optical telegraph lost their prestigious place in the landscape with the time. Technical and technological development only helped their destruction. Somebody might not know that the optical telegraph system of Chappe brothers was the first well organized communication network.