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Brachiopods and stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) succession of the Radlin Syncline (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)

Baliński A., Racki G., Halamski A. T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 2

125--174

EN

The lower part of the Frasnian succession in the Radlin Syncline (Kielce–Łagów Synclinorium, southern region of the Holy Cross Mountains), in the two studied successions: Józefka at Górno and (for the first time) Radlin, consists of the rhythmic marly Szydłówek Beds, the fossil-rich limestones of the Wietrznia Beds (locally) and the atypically developed, calcareous Kostomłoty Beds. The carbon isotope chemostratigraphic pattern overall corresponds well to the global Early–Middle Frasnian biogeochemical perturbation, even if the major punctata positive excursion is only fragmentarily recorded in the Kostomłoty intrashelf basin. Two brachiopod assemblages are abundantly represented in both sections: the Phlogoiderhynchus polonicus Assemblage, typical of the Szydłówek Beds, and the Biernatella lentiformis Assemblage, limited to the middle part of the Wietrznia Beds. Both are highly dominated by the index species. Twenty nine lower Frasnian brachiopod species (Craniida – 1 species, Strophomenida – 1, Productida – 2, Protorthida – 1, Orthida – 5, Pentamerida – 1, Rhynchonellida – 4, Atrypida – 4, Athyridida – 3, Spiriferida – 4, Spiriferinida – 3) are described from the Szydłówek and Wietrznia Beds. Seven new species are introduced: Skenidioides cretus Halamski sp. nov., Biernatium minus Baliński sp. nov., Monelasmina montisjosephi Baliński sp. nov., Atryparia (Costatrypa) agricolae Halamski and Baliński sp. nov., Davidsonia enmerkaris Halamski sp. nov., Leptathyris gornensis Baliński sp. nov., and Echinocoelia parva Baliński sp. nov. Davidsonia enmerkaris Halamski sp. nov. is intermediate between Davidsonia Bouchard-Chantereaux, 1849 and Rugodavidsonia Copper, 1996 and is the youngest known representative of the suborder Davidsonioidea Copper, 1996. Skenidioides cretus Halamski sp. nov. is the last representative of the genus. Statistical investigation of a large sample of Spinatrypina (Exatrypa) explanata did not confirm the existence of two dimorphic forms, coarse- and fine-ribbed. The high-diversity Biernatella lentiformis Assemblage is quite dissimilar to coeval brachiopod assemblages described heretofore from the Holy Cross Mountains region. It is interpreted as consisting of mostly parautochthonous dwellers of deep-slope muddy habitats and a local, occasionally storm-agitated, intra-basin brachiopod-crinoid-coral shoal. The fauna was adapted probably to cooler and nutrient-poor waters during an initial phase of the severe carbon cycle perturbation.

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Upper Devonian microvertebrates from the Canning Basin, Western Australia

Roelofs B., Playton T., Barham M., Trinajstic K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 1

69--100

EN

A diverse microvertebrate fauna is described from the Virgin Hills and Napier formations, Bugle Gap Limestone Canning Basin, Western Australia. Measured sections at Horse Spring and Casey Falls (Virgin Hills Formation) and South Oscar Range (Napier Formation) comprise proximal to distal slope carbonates ranging in age from the Late Devonian Frasnian to middle Famennian. A total of 18 chondrichthyan taxa are identified based on teeth, including the first record of Thrinacodus tranquillus, Cladoides wildungensis, Protacrodus serra and Lissodus lusavorichi from the Canning Basin. A new species, Diademodus dominicus sp. nov. is also described and provides the first record of this genus outside of Laurussia. In addition, the upper range of Australolepis seddoni has been extended to Late Devonian conodont Zone 11, making it the youngest known occurrence for this species. The Virgin Hills and Napier formations microvertebrate faunas show close affinities to faunas recovered from other areas of Gondwana, including eastern Australia, Iran, Morocco and South China, which is consistent with known conodont and trilobite faunas of the same age.

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Pelagic chondrichthyan microremains from the Upper Devonian of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran

Hairapetian V., Ginter M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

357-371

EN

An assemblage of fifteen taxa of chondrichthyan microremains from late Frasnian through late Famennian pelagic deposits of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran, is described. Several taxa (Phoebodus bifurcatus, Phoebodus sophiae and Protacrodus vetustus) are reported for the first time from Iran. The presence of Deihim mansureae and Ph. sophiae in the Late rhenana to linguiformis Zones and Phoebodus rayi in the early triangularis Zone of the Kale Sardar section, provides new biostratigraphic information. The late Frasnian part of the assemblage corresponds to the faunas from the intrashelf basins of central europe, and the middle.late Famennian part is comparable to that from the tafilalt Platform of Morocco.

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Septacja w muszlach ślimaków frańskich z Gór Świętokrzyskich

Krawczyński W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 1

39-39

EN

Amongst several known Paleozoic gastropod species having transverse septa in the apical parts of shells, three species (Straparollus aff. circularis, Orecopia kadzielniae and Donaldiella karczewskii) have been found in the Frasnian limestones of Grabina and Bolechowice-Panek in the Holy Cross Mountains (Central Poland). Septation in gastropod shells is a rare phenomenon and is an adaptive feature. Septa occur either in the thick-shelled gastropods living in high-energetic (reef) environments, preventing against negative effects of destruction of the apical parts of shells, or in the thin-shelled gastropods living on muddy substrate, lowering the inner volume of a habitable part of shell and increasing outer surface of gastropod body.

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Charakterystyka sedymentologiczna górnej części warstw szydłóweckich

Vierek A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 9

848-856

EN

The Givetian to Frasnian boundary interval in the N part of the Kielce region (Holy Cross Mts.) consists of dark-coloured shales, marls and micritic limestones defined as Szydłówek Beds. The upper parts of the Szydłówek Beds are well exposed in the Kostomłoty-Mogiłki and Górno-Józefka quarries. These sections are situated in Kostomłoty transitional facies zone between the shallow-water carbonate platform and the deeper Łysogóry basin. The uppermost parts of the Szydłówek Beds comprise many fine-grained intercalations: laminated calcisiltites, calcarenites, calcirudites and coquinas beds. The shales, marls and micritic limestones are hemipelagic deposits of deep, quiet and oxygen-depleted basin, whereas grained limestones correspond with shallower water and higher energy environment. Laminated calcisiltites and finer calcarenites originated in the environment below storm wave base and are interpreted as surge-like turbidity flows deposits. Thicker calcarenites, calcirudites, and coquinas beds were deposited about storm wave base and are interpreted as tempestites.

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The mid-Frasnian subsidence pulse in the Lublin Basin (SE Poland) : sedimentary record, conodont biostratigraphy and regional significance

Narkiewicz K., Narkiewicz M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 3

287-301

EN

Most of the thickness of Frasnian sediments in the central segment of the Lublin Basin, i.e. up to 300 metres, is represented by a single transgressive-regressive Cycle VIa, developed in the carbonate-sulphate platform facies. The age of the transgressive part falls into the interval between the upper part of theUpper hassi Zone and the jamieae Zone, whereas the upper boundary runs between the upper part of the Lower rhenana Zone and the lower part of the Upper rhenana Zone. Basin architecture and conodont biostratigraphic data confirm the tectonic nature of the cycle, which represents a short-termincrease in Frasnian subsidence and depositional rates. Based on the conodont data, it is plausible that the onset of the tectonic subsidence in the Lublin Basin and the incipient Pripyat Graben rifting correspond closely in age. They can thus be attributed to the common tectonic mechanism of regional extension in the south-west part of the East European Platform. The lack of any Late Devonian magmatic activity in the Lublin Basin and the synchronous development of this basin with the Pripyat Graben favour the idea that intraplate stresses were the primary factors controlling subsidence in both depocentres during the mid Frasnian to Famennian. The hypothetical mantle plume could have merely amplified the effects of crustal extension in the Pripyat Graben, thus facilitating a typical rift development.

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Early Frasnian sharks from central Iran

Hairapetian V., Ginter M., Yazdi M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 2

173-179

EN

Two limestone bone-beds in the early Frasnian of the Chahriseh section, central Iran, yielded numerous chondrichthyan teeth and scales. The fauna includes, most probably, only two taxa: a hitherto unknown aztecodontid omalodontiform, Manberodus fortis gen. et sp. nov., and a multicuspid phoebodontiform, provisionally referred to as Phoebodus cf. latus GINTER & IVANOV, 1995.Anew omalodontiform family, Aztecodontidae, including Aztecodus LONG& YOUNG, 1995 and Manberodus gen. nov., is proposed.

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Devonian filter-feeding sharks

Ginter M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 2

147-153

EN

Upper Frasnian rocks of Utah and Nevada yielded several multicuspid, low-crowned shark teeth. It is proposed that they were used mainly for filtering food from water. Two new chondrichthyan species bearing such teeth were distinguished: a phoebodontid Diademodus utahensis sp. nov., with up to 17 very delicate cusps in the tooth-crown; and a cladodont of uncertain systematic position, Lesnilomia sandbergi gen. et sp. nov., also known from the upper Frasnian of Moravia.

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Wpływ diagenezy i tektoniki na rozwój właściwości zbiornikowych dolomitów frańskich w centralnej części rowu lubelskiego

Narkiewicz M., Jarosiński M., Krzywiec P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

61-61

EN

Petrological studies of core samples, integrated with mesostructural analysis of cores, and coupled with results of seismic data interpretation allowed to interpret evolving reservoir properties of dolostones of the Frasnian Werbkowice Mb. These crystalline and partly vuggy rocks form main reservoir horizons of the Ciecierzyn and Mełgiew A gas fields in the central Lublin Graben. The optimum reservoir properties were attained following the main phase of regional dolomitization and accompanying CaCO3 dissolution. These processes occurred after renewed subsidence in Viséan and before main phase of the Variscan inversion in late Westphalian. In Late Silesian, after the onset of hydrocarbon generation, porosity was partly filled by a dolomite cement. The most important agent of porosity destruction, however, was a precipitation of anhydrite cement preceding main phase of compressional deformations. The latter led to a localized development of open fracture systems which, however, were soon filled with various cements related to dissolution-reprecipitation processes. After compressional event, the stress regime evolved towards strike-slip and extensional, which created fractures allowing migration of hydrocarbons to newly formed structural traps. Several observed structures indicate negligible post- inversion deformations, thus facilitating preservation of earlier formed hydrocarbon accumulations. However, successive stages of secondary migration could have occurred during indefinite time under strike-slip and extensional regime recorded as a distinct set of mesostructures.

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New upper Givetian to basal Frasnian conodont faunas from the Tafilalt (Anti-Atlas, Southern Morocco)

Aboussalam Z.S., Becker R.T.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 4

345-374

EN

Conodont faunas, mostly from previously unsampled sections of the Tafilalt (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco) and spanning the upper Givetian to basal Frasnian, include first records of species for the region and NW Gondwana as well as new taxa: "Ozarkodina" maroccanica n. sp., Polygnathus aequidivisus n. sp., Po. dengleri sagitta n. ssp., Po. jorfensis n. sp., Po. saevus n. sp., Po. tafilensis n. sp., and Schmidtognathus longicavus n. sp. The morphology of Tortodus subsymmetricus n. sp. suggests relation ships of Tortodus with Frasnian ancyrognathids. Other taxa are described in open nomenclature: Po. cristatus n. ssp., Icriodus aff. I. symmetricus, Skeletognathus aff. Sk. norrisi, and enigmatic supposed Pb elements (Gen. et sp. indet.). Ctenopolygnathus lanei Kuzmin (1995) is emended and distinctive morphotypes are recognized in Ct. angustidiscus and Po. collieri. Mesotaxis falsiovalis Sandberg et al. (1989) is a subjective junior synonym of the widely over looked M. guanwushanensis (Tian, 1988). There vised regional lithostratigraphy and conodont sequences allow to refine the upper Givetian zonation. The former Upper disparilis Zone is subdivided into succes sive Po. dengleri sagitta and Po. dengleri dengleri subzones. The basalmost Frasnian Ancyrodella rotundiloba pristina Zone (= MN 1 Zone) is preserved as a thin, condensed lime stone just at one locality (Bine Jebilet). The over lying Frasnes Event Beds (Lower Styliolinites) seem to fall in the subsequent Ad. rotundiloba soluta Zone (MN 2 Zone). Records of rare taxa, such as Po. paradecorosus, Po. Pollocki Morphotype 1, old est Po. webbi, Ct. angustidiscus, and Ct. lanei may be help ful for correlation into distant areas or shallower facies.

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Growth in early species of the conodont Ancyrodella and implications for correlation of the Middle-Upper Devonian boundary

Miller C.G.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 4

443-452

EN

The first occurrence of the conodont Ancyrodella rotundiloba has been used extensively for correlating the Middle-Up per Devonian (Givetian-Frasnian) boundary in sections worldwide despite many arguments as to its precise taxonomic definition. These arguments are summarised herein and three ontogenetic series illustrated from three samples across the Givetian-Frasnian boundary within the Vorota Formation of the Kozhym River section, Sub-Polar Urals, Russia. General trends within the three ontogenetic series suggest that the ratio of basal pit width to platform width in Ancyrodella pristina, and Ancyrodella recta in creases through ontogeny but the morphology of lateral secondary keel extensions to the basal pit remains constant and is a useful taxonomic feature. Folds and collars on the basal surface occur only in the later stages of development. The out line of the platform within species is variable and controlled by the formation of incipient nodes in juveniles; gerontic specimens can also have very variable platform out lines. Measure ments of platform width to basal pit width ratios and platform shape out lines may not therefore be a good way to compare between species. The three ontogenetic series provide typical late Givetian and early Frasnian examples and increase the potential for correlation of the Middle-Upper Devonian boundary particularly using juvenile Ancyrodella specimens.

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Upper Devonian goniatites and co-occurring conodonts from the Holy Cross Mountains: studies of the Polish Geological Institute collections

Woroncowa-Marcinowska T.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2006

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Vol. 76, No 2

113--160

EN

A revision of a major part of the old collections of Upper Devonian goniatites from the Holy Cross Mts., collected by J. Czarnocki, H. Makowski and M. Różkowska, is presented. Described and illustrated are 26 species and subspecies belonging to 20 genera and subgenera and 9 families. Studied and illustrated for the first time are 35 suture lines and 15 growth lines. Conodonts, mostly collected from the parent rocks of the studied goniatites, allow for a more precise correlation of these goniatites with standard ammonoid and conodont zonations. The museum collections studied incude specimens mostly of all standard Upper Frasnian through Famennian ammonoid zonations, but the precise zonal boundaries could not be established. Goniatite assemblages from the Płucki and Janczyce sections correspond to the linguiformis and Upper crepida conodont zones, respectively. Moreover, four conodont zones have been distinguished in the Łagów (Dule) section: Upper crepida/rhomboidea, Lower marginifera, Lower/Upper marginifera and trachytera zones. This last zone has been recognised here for the first time.

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Very large stromatoporoid indicating Early Frasnian reef core (Holy Cross Mts., Poland)

Racki G., Sobstel M.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 1

83--88

EN

A large stromatoporoid Actinostroma cf. crassepilatum Lecompte, 1951, at least 8.5 m in diameter and 0.85 m in height, occurs in the Śluchowice quarry in Kielce, Holy Cross Mountains. This sponge occurs in growth position within Early Frasnian (transitans Zone) intraclast-rich reef-rubble deposits. A unique preservation of the reef-builder close to a reef core is implied for the northern flank of the developing Dyminy Reef during its maximum expansion northward into the Kostomłoty intrashelf basin.

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Geochemical and ecological aspects of lower Frasnian pyrite-ammonoid level at Kostomłoty (Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)

Racki G., Piechota A., Bond D., Wignall P. B.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 3

267--282

EN

The lower Frasnian (transitans Zone with Ancyrodella priamosica = MN 4 Zone) rhythmic basin succession of marly limestones and shales (upper Szydłówek Beds) at Kostomłoty, western Holy CrossMts., Central Poland, contains a record of the transgressive-hypoxic Timan Event in this drowned part of southern Laurussian shelf. The unique facies consists of organic-rich marly shales and a distinctive pyritic, goniatite level, 1.6mthick. The faunal assemblage is dominated by pyritized shells of diminutivemollusks with cephalopods (including goniatites Epitornoceras and Acanthoclymenia), buchioline bivalves (Glyptohallicardia) and styliolinids. This interval is marked by moderately low Th/U ratios and pyrite framboid size distributions suggestive of dysoxic rather than permanent euxinic conditions. The scarcity of infauna and bioturbation resulted in finely laminated sedimentary fabrics, as well as the low diversity of the presumed pioneer benthos (mostly brachiopods). In the topmost part of the Szydłówek Beds, distinguished by the Styliolina coquina interbedded between limestone-biodetrital layers, the above geochemical proxies and C-isotope positive shift indicate a tendency to somewhat increased bottom oxygen deficiency and higher carbon burial rate linked with a bloom of pelagic biota during high-productivity pulse. The geochemical and community changes are a complex regional record of the initial phase of a major perturbation in the earth-ocean system during a phase of intermittently rising sea level in the early to middle Frasnian, and associated with the highest positive C-isotope ratios of the Devonian.

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Zapis zmian w zespołach małżoraczkowych w osadach granicy fran-famen w Górach Świętokrzyskich

Olempska E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 11

948-986

PL

: W Górach Świętokrzyskich badania nad zmianami zespołów małżoraczkowych na granicy fran-famen prowadzone były w facjach umiarkowanie głębokiego basenu śródszelfowego w profilu Płucki (Olempska 2002) oraz płytszych środowiskach w profilu Kostomłoty (Casier i in., 2000) i profilu Psie Górki w Kielcach (Casier i in., 2002). Gatunki planktonowych małżoraczków z rodziny Entomozoidae występują licznie w późnofrańskich i wczesnofameńskich wapienno-marglistych osadach w profilu Płucki. Zmiany w zespole małżoraczkowym na granicy fran-famen w tym profilu wykazują wyraźne zubożenie zespołu w tzw. interwale kryzysowym i następują w dwu etapach. Część gatunków wymiera u podstawy wapienia głowonogowego (Górny Horyzont Kellwasser), natomiast główny etap wymierania następuje w trakcie sedymentacji wapienia głowonogowego. Pojawienie się w wapieniu głowonogowym gatunku Entomoprimitia (Entomoprimitia) kayseri,'egzotycznego' dla tego obszaru, wiąże się z krótkotrwałym pulsem transgresywnym mającym miejsce w poziomie linguiformis. Główny puls wymierania entomozoidów wiąże się prawdopodobnie z krótkotrwałym pulsem regresywnym. Entomozoidy powracają na ten obszar jako nowe gatunki z obszarów refugiów z początkiem pulsu transgresywnego w środkowym poziomie triangularis. Zespół fameński zdominowany jest przez masowo wystepujacy gatunek Franklinella (Franklinella) sigmoidale. Badania prowadzone nad zmianami zespołów bentosowych małżoraczków w profilach Kostomłoty (Casier i in., 2000) i Psie Górki (Casier i in., 2002) wykazały, że około 75% gatunków małżoraczków bentosowych wymarło na granicy fran-famen w rejonie kostomłockim i ponad 70% w profilu Psich Górek. Zdaniem badaczy tych sekwencji, decydującym czynnikiem powodującym wymieranie fauny małżoraczków na tych obszarach było ochłodzenie oraz zmiany poziomu morza.

EN

The entomozoacean ostracod species are common in late Frasnian to early Famennian rhythmic calcareous-marly sequence in the Plucki section, Holy Cross Mts., Poland. The entomozoacean faunal change across the Frasnian-Famennian boundary shows the overall reduction in species number in two steps in the latest Frasnian. A few species became extinct at the base of the Upper Kellwasser Horizon, and the main extinction was within the UKWH. The appearance of E. (E.) kayseri in the UKWH coincides with a short-term transgressive pulse in the linguiformis Zone. The final extinction of entomozoaceans at the boundary, coincides with the short-term regressive pulse. The entomozoaceans reappear as new species from refugia lineages at the beginning of the transgressive pulse in the Middle triangularis Zone. The results of the Frasnian-Famennian extincion and recovery of benthic ostracods in the Kostomłoty and Psie Górki sections presented by Casier et al. (2000) and Casier et al. (2002) are briefly summarized.

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Miospore taxonomy and stratigraphy of Upper Devonian and lowersmost Carboniferous in Western Pomerania (NW Poland)

Stempień-Sałek M.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2002

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Vol. 72, No 2

163-190

EN

Five local miospore zones, six subzones and two assemblages are distinguished for the Frasnian to lower Tournaisian deposits in the Kołobrzeg region (western Pomerania): assemblage I, Membrabaculisporis radiatus-Tholisporites densus (RD), Membrabaculisporis radiatus-Cymbosporites boafeticus (RB), Lagenoisporites immensus-Diducites poljessicus (IP) Zone, assemblage II, Tumulispora rarituberculata (Ra) and Convolutispora major (Ma) Zone. The first three biozones and the two assemblages are new in this region. The local miospores zones distinguished in western Pomerania are correlated with the European standard miospore and conodont zonations. Two new miospore species and one new variety are described, two species is emended.

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Revision of ammonoid biostratigraphy in the Frasnian (Upper Devonian) of the Southern Timan (Northeast Russian Platform)

Becker R.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2000

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Vol. 50, no. 1

67-97

EN

New field work in outcrops of the Ukhta Region (Southern Timan) together with the re-exanimation of former collections allows a detailed revision of the ammonoid zonation in one of the classical Frasnian regions of Russia. There is a total of 47 species, 18 of which are new or recorded for the first time from the region. The latter applies to representatives of Linguatornoceras, Phoenixites, Aulatornoceras s.str. and Acanthoclymenia. New taxa are Chutoceras manticoides n. gen. n. sp. and Linguatornoceras yudinae n. sp. In the Ust'yarega Formation regional Hoeninghausia nalivkini, Timanites keyserlingi and Komioceras stuckenbergi Zones can be recognized which correlate with the international Frasnian divisions UD I-B/C. The Ponticeras domanicense Zone (UD I-E)occupies most of the Lower Domanik, the Nordiceras timanicum Zone (UD I-F to I-H) is developed in the Middle and Upper Domanik. Following a poorly defined and short interval which rare Carinoceras, pelagic sequences of the Lyaiol Formation (Members 2-4) fall in the Virginoceras ljaschenkoae and Manticoceras lyaiolense Zones (UD I-I/J). Late Frasnian deposits (UD I-K/L) have not yielded any ammonoids so far. Correlation betwen the new zonation and the conodont zonation (Montagne Noire zones) is provided.