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Fluid inclusions in celestine and their significance in the study of the formation of the native sulphur deposits in the Carpathian Foredeep

Parafiniuk Jan, Gąsiński Arkadiusz, Kozłowski Andrzej

Acta Geologica Polonica

2025

Vol. 75, no. 2

art. no. e42

Celestine is a rather common mineral in epigenetic native sulphur deposits and seems to be a very valuable indicator of some of the geological processes forming these deposits. This paper presents the results of investigation of fluid inclusions in celestine from the Tarnobrzeg native sulphur deposits (SE Poland). Several different morphological types of celestine were selected from Machów open-pit mine. Study of the fluid inclusions has been carried out using microscopic and microthermometic methods. The data show that two types of chloride fluids were responsible for the formation of celestine and native sulphur and further transformation of the native sulphur deposits. The first type of fluid, containing a relatively higher salt content and lower NaCl/CaCl2 ratio, also points to the role of hydrocarbons during the formation of native sulphur deposits. The second type of fluid contains a relatively lower amount of salt and a higher NaCl/CaCl2 proportion and reflects the subsequent evolution of the chemistry of the fluids forming the deposits. The results of the study of fluid inclusions in celestine are in good agreement with its stable isotope composition.

Minerals of antimony: a newly found occurrence in the Karkonosze granitoid pluton and a review for Lower Silesia, Poland, with general background

Kozłowski Andrzej, Marcinowska Agnieszka

Acta Geologica Polonica

2024

Vol. 74, no. 3

art. no. e17

The article describes assemblages of ore minerals of the size of tenths to a few millimetres, which occurred in small quartz veinlets and nests in 10 previously unknown sites. This mineralization was found in the north-eastern part of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton at the southern slope of the Wysoki Grzbiet (High Ridge) in Izera Mts. The studies concerned mainly 18 Sb minerals: antimony, Sb-bearing domeykite, getchellite, stibnite, willyamite, berthierite, boulangerite, bournonite, chalcostibite, falkmanite, famatinite, geocronite, robinsonite, semseyite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), cervantite, kermesite and schafarzikite; seven of them have been found in Poland for the first time. The parageneses, morphological features, XRD data and chemical composition of the Sb minerals are presented. Fluid inclusions in quartz adhering to the Sb minerals had generally homogenization temperature (Th) 108–341°C and total salinity ΣS 4.6–10.1 wt. %. The inclusion fluids were of the NaCO3-Ca(HCO3)2-NaCl-KCl type with minor F and S, and occasional CO2 presence. The parent granitoid contains Sb in trace amounts (0.18–0.36 ppm) and the rock was possibly a source of this (and other) element(s) for the ore minerals. Migration of meso-epithermal solutions with Sb etc. was probably stimulated by local reduction of pressure during the formation of fissures and cracks in granite, next filled by quartz with ore minerals. The features of the historical process of the recognition of Sb ores and previous studies of the minerals investigated in this research are included in the presentation and discussion. Special attention was paid to the listing of the occurreences of Sb minerals in Lower Silesia with appropriate references.