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Awareness of the prevention through design (PtD) concept among design engineers in the Philippines

Labadan Rimmon, Panuwatwanich Kriengsak, Takahashi Sho

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2022

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Vol. 14, no. 1

78--92

EN

The “Prevention through Design” (PtD) concept considers construction safety during the design process. Several countries are currently practising PtD, including the UK, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, and the USA, which is still not the case in the Philippines. The study presented in this paper aimed to indicate the current level of awareness of the PtD concept among the structural engineers and purposed to generate a basis of initiatives to introduce or improve the understanding and adoption of PtD in the Philippines. A knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire was distributed to survey respondents selected through a snowball sampling method, consisting of structural engineers currently working in the Philippines. Sixty-one (61) structural engineers responded and were analysed in this study. Results indicated that PtD was relatively a new concept for most structural engineers in the Philippines. Similarly, the designers’ knowledge of the concept was still low. However, structural engineers viewed PtD as necessary and its implementation as essential in the construction industry. Despite the known concerns in the PtD implementation, structural engineers favoured the adoption of the concept. The paper also discussed challenges and key drivers for implementing PtD in the Philippines based on the questionnaire results and supporting literature reviews. The findings and methodology presented in this paper could serve as a baseline for a larger sample size covering other design trades, such as architectural, electrical, and mechanical design services leading to the broader adoption of PtD in the Philippines. Furthermore, the framework of this study could also apply to other countries with similar contexts.

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Assessment of signal processing methods for geomagnetic precursor of the 2012 M6.9 Visayas, Philippines earthquake

Yusof Khairul Adib, Hamid Nurul Shazana Abdul, Abdullah Mardina, Ahadi Suaidi, Yoshikawa Akimasa

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 5

1297--1306

EN

This study assessed two signal processing methods on geomagnetic data to detect precursory signals appearing before the M6.9 Visayas, Philippines earthquake on 6 February 2012. It aimed to compare the polarization ratio analysis method with the diurnal variation ratio method in terms of reliability and efectiveness. The geomagnetic data were obtained from the MAGDAS magnetometer network for Cebu (CEB) and Legazpi (LGZ) stations which served as the primary and remote stations, respectively. The polarization ratio analysis method was performed on the primary station data to obtain power spectral density in an ultra-low-frequency range before fnding the ratio of vertical to total horizontal component. Meanwhile, the diurnal variation ratio method was used to calculate the diference between the daily maximum and minimum values. Then, the ratio of the daily diferences of the primary station to the remote station for each individual component was calculated. The disturbance storm time index which describes global geomagnetic activity originating from the Sun was utilized to verify that any observed geomagnetic fuctuations were not caused by solar-terrestrial efect. A precursory anomaly was found using the polarization ratio analysis method which appeared 2 weeks before the earthquake. It is concluded that this method might be efective and reliable in detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding upcoming earthquakes. In contrast, although the diurnal variation ratio method did show perceivable fuctuations, the running averages were not statistically significant to be considered a precursor. The discrepancy between the analytical results of the two methods may be attributed to the detectability of the earthquake being studied which had a relatively low magnitude. Hence, future studies which utilize more earthquake events need to be conducted to reach a definitive conclusion.

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Ogrody w tropikach

Kożuszek R.

Zieleń Miejska

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2017

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Nr 7-8

35--37

PL

Filipiny są położone w strefie wilgotnego klimatu równikowego i zajmują kilka tysięcy wysp. każda z nich wygląda jak swego rodzaju wiecznie kwitnący ogród, mimo że nigdy jej atrakcyjności nie kreował żaden ogrodnik.

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Training and equipping counterinsurgency air forces

Corum J.S.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2011

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Nr 2

103--128

EN

The article entitled “Training and Equipping Counterinsurgency Air Forces" contains the views of the author, a military historian, on the organization of military aid in the creation of air force units in the countries supported by the United States, in the period from World War II to the present. The above article presents an overview of a number of operations in which the American Air Force was involved, starting from the civil war in Greece (1944 - 1949), through the operation in the Philippines (1947 - 1956), the aid offered to the newly formed South Korea, the military mission in Vietnam (1957 - 1973), in Laos and in other numerous missions carried out both in the Far and in the Middle East, although the range of the aid offered varied significantly. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan are dealt with in a much more detailed way. A lot of attention is paid by the author primarily to the process of training as well as equipping the Afghan Air Force marginalizing to some extent the time in which the lraqi Air Force was created. In conclusion the current doctrinal problems referring to specific documents used in the American Air Force were presented.

PL

Artykuł pt.: "Training and equipping counterin urgency air force" zawiera poglądy autora, historyka wojskowości, na tematy organizacji pomocy wojskowej przy tworzeniu jednostek sił powietrznych w państwach, wspieranych przez Stany Zjednoczone, w okresie od drugiej wojny światowej do współczesności. W omawianym artykule zaprezentowano przegląd kilku operacji z użyciem Sił Powietrznych Stanów Zjednoczonych, poczynając od wojny domowej w Grecji, w latach 1944-1949, poprzez operację: na Filipinach w latach 1947-1956, pomocy dla powstającej Korei Południowej, misji wojskowej w Wietnamie, w latach 1957-1973, w Laosie i w wielu innych misjach Bliskiego i Dalekiego Wschodu, choć zakres udzielanej pomocy był bardzo różny. Oddzielnie, znacznie szerzej, potraktowane są operacje w Iraku i w Afganistanie. Autor poświęca wiele uwagi przebiegowi procesów szkolenia i wyposażania, głównie afgańskich sił powietrznych, trochę jakby marginalizując okres tworzenia sit powietrznych Iraku. Na zakończenie artykułu przedstawiono bieżące problemy doktrynalne, odnosząc się do konkretnych dokumentów, wykorzystywanych w Siłach Powietrznych Stanów Zjednoczonych.