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1

Size-dependent model to determine the effects of operational parameters on the performance of the Falcon concentrator

Aydogan Namik Atakan, Kademli Murat

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 68, no. 3

495--505

EN

The present study modelled the effects of operational parameters on the performance of the Falcon concentrator. For this purpose, the Falcon L40 concentrator was tested in narrow particle-size fractions (−600 + 425 μm, −425 + 300 μm, −300 + 212 μm, −212 + 150 μm, −150 + 106 μm, and −106 + 75 μm) at different washing water pressures and artificial gravity forces generated by a spinning bowl. The test samples were prepared artificially, comprising 2% magnetite (Fe3O4) and 98% calcite (CaCO3) by weight. The recovery and grade values of the 60 experimental conditions were investigated and compared for different operational parameters, including particle-size distributions, water pressures, and artificial gravity forces. Two empirical models were developed using non-linear regression analysis to indicate the effects of the operating parameter of the Falcon concentrator on its recovery and grade values. The operational parameters were found to impact the separation performance considerably. Therefore, the Falcon concentrator should operate under optimum conditions, which can be easily predicted using these models, to achieve improved recovery and grade values.

2

Cassiterite recovery from a sulfide ore flotation tailing by combined gravity and flotation separations

Zhang Limin, Khoso Sultan Ahmed, Tian Mengjie, Sun Wei

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 1

206--215

EN

Cassiterite (SnO2) which is the most important Sn-containing mineral, is extensively found in large quantities in discarded tailings. The recovery of cassiterite from discarded sulfide ore flotation tailings can reduce resource wastage and environmental pollution. The gravity separation technique can recover multiple valuable minerals, such as cassiterite, whose densities considerably differ from those of their associated gangue minerals. However, its recovery efficiency rapidly decreases as the mineral particle grain size decreases. To recover the finer valuable mineral particles from gravity separation tailings, flotation separation can be used as a supplementary method. In this study, the gravity and flotation separation techniques are combined to recover cassiterite from a sulfide ore tailing. The Sn grade and recovery of the final concentrate is 31.40% and 88.05%, respectively, thus indicating a highly efficient recovery of cassiterite by using the combined gravity and flotation separation technique. This study can be an important reference for recovering cassiterite from low-Sn-grade tailings.

3

Mineralogical study and enhanced gravity separation of gold-bearing mineral, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

El-Sayed Samah, Abdel-Khalek N. A., El-Shatoury E. H., Abdel-Motelib A., Hassan M. S., Abdel-Khalek M.A.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2020

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Vol. 56, iss. 5

839--848

EN

El-Hudi gold deposit, located in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt, represent large vein- type gold occurrence. The representative sample revealed the abundance of quartz as main constituent with minor amounts of mineral impurities. Gold was detectable (12 g/t) as determined using atomic absorption. The petrographic study revealed that the gold grains ranged from 10-40 μm. The grain boundaries of quartz are highly stained with iron minerals as hematite and limonite. Sericite mineral is common in discrete gold-bearing veins. Eroded pyrite was detected with high alteration leaving only cubic-shaped cavities behind. Different techniques for gravity separation were used to separate gold from the quartz mineral. After crushing and grinding of the sample, shaking table was used to upgrade the coarser fractions while Falcon concentrator was employed to upgrade the fine fraction. The best concentrate was obtained through grinding the whole sample to less than 0.2 mm, followed by cleaning steps. The gold content is increased from 12 to 145 g/t with total recovery of 78%.

4

An extraction of copper from recycling plant slag by using falcon concentrator

Kademli Murat, Aydogan Namik Atakan

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2019

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T. 35, z. 1

117--128

EN

This investigation is concerned with the extraction of nugget copper particles from copper recovery plant slag which recycled of copper scrap. For this purpose, the Falcon concentrator was used because of its enhanced gravity properties. The Falcon concentrator has a fast spinning bowl which creates a centrifugal force to separate fine size minerals on the basis of their density differences. In the tests, the tailings of the copper recovery plant were used and the test sample was divided into two groups and one of them was classified in narrow particle sizes. The operational parameters were determined as particle size, centrifugal force and washing water pressures. The water pressure and centrifugal force have an inversely proportional relationship. Because of this phenomenon, the G/P parameter was created. The test conditions were applied to the whole distribution sample and narrow size distribution samples in the same way. The test results indicate that the average grade was elevated from 1.04% to 6.50% with the recovery of 15.07% and 619% enrichment ratio for narrow sizes, whereas grade was elevated to 4.36% with 13.24% recovery and 415.94% enrichment ratio for the whole distribution. As a result, the recovery and grade values of concentrates are not good enough for gravity concentration process for both samples. However, this process was applied to the double recycled material and the lower recovery, grade values can be tolerated because of concentrate is nugget copper metal. The concentrate can also be washed in cleaning table for increasing the grade value for adding to initial feed of plant. This process can, therefore, supply important earnings not only economically but also environmentally.

PL

Badanie dotyczy ekstrakcji rodzimych cząstek miedzi z żużlu z zakładów recyklingu. W tym celu zastosowano wzbogacalnik Falcon ze względu na jego zwiększone właściwości wzbogacania grawitacyjnego. Wzbogacalnik Falcon ma szybko obracającą się misę, w której wytwarzana siła odśrodkowa powoduje rozdział minerałów o niewielkich wymiarach cząstek w zależności od ich różnych gęstości. W testach wykorzystano odpady z instalacji odzysku miedzi, a próbkę podzielono na dwie grupy, jedną z nich zaklasyfikowano do klasy cząstek o niewielkich wymiarach. Parametry technologiczne zostały określone i są to: wielkość cząstek, siła odśrodkowa i ciśnienia wody płukającej. Ciśnienie wody (P) i siła odśrodkowa grawitacji (G) charakteryzują się zależnością odwrotnie proporcjonalną. Z powodu tego zjawiska został utworzony parametr G/P. Zastosowano takie same warunki testu do rozdzielonych próbek o niewielkich wymiarach cząstek. Wyniki wskazują, że średnia ocena została podwyższona z 1,04 do 6,50% przy odzysku 15,07% i stopniu wzbogacania 619%. Dla cząstek niewielkich wymiarów ocena została podniesiona do 4,36% przy odzysku 13,24% i stopniu wzbogacania 415,94% dla całej dystrybucji. W rezultacie odzyski i wartości stopni wzbogacania koncentratów nie są wystarczająco dobre dla procesu wzbogacania grawitacyjnego dla obu próbek. Jednak proces ten został zastosowany do materiału z podwójnego recyklingu, a niższy poziom odzysku i stopnie wzbogacania mogą być akceptowane, ponieważ koncentrat stanowi rodzima miedź. Koncentrat może być również wzbogacany na stole koncentracyjnym w celu zwiększenia wartości stopnia wzbogacania do dodania do nadawy na zakład przeróbczy. W ten sposób proces ten może przynieść istotne zyski nie tylko w wymiarze ekonomicznym, ale także środowiskowym.

5

The Use of Falcon Concentrator to Determine the Gravity Recoverable Gold (GRG) Content in Gold Ores

Onel O., Tanriverdi M.

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2016

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R. 17, nr 1

189--194

EN

This study presents the results of the application of the laboratory gravity-recoverable-gold (GRG) determination procedure on a Turkish gold ore using a Falcon concentrator. The study had two major goals; as investigating the compatibility of Falcon concentrator for GRG procedure (which was originally developed for Knelson concentrator); and finding out the gravity recoverable gold content in Gümüşhane/Mastra gold ore. It was seen that a concentrate enriched in Au content could be successfully achieved: After the first stage a product with an Au grade of 41.09 mgAu/tonne at %10.95 fractional gold recovery at the first stage of the procedure. Au content in the concentrate increased to 98.84 mg after the second stage and finally 59.74 mg Au was obtained by the third stage. As a result of the application, it was found that the GRG content of Gümüşhane/Mastra gold was 48.28%, corresponding to a significant potential for obtaining an Au-enriched preconcentrate.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki zastosowania procedury laboratoryjnego testu GRG (wzbogacania grawitacyjnego) dla tureckich rud złota za pomocą wzbogacalnika typu Falcon. Badania miały dwa główne cele: zbadanie przydatności wzbogacalnika typu Falcon do testu GRG (który został opracowany oryginalnie dla wzbogacalnika typu Knelson) oraz określenie zawartości złota w produkcie ze wzbogacania grawitacyjnego dla rudy złota ze złoża Gümüşhane/Mastra. Stwierdzono, że produkt o dużej zawartości Au może zostać osiągnięty. Po pierwszym etapie otrzymano produkt o zawartości Au równej 41,09 mg przy uzysku frakcjonowanym złota równym 10,95% przy pierwszym stadium testu. Zawartość Au w koncentracie wzrosła do 98,84 mg po drugim etapie a finalnie otrzymano zawartość Au równą 59,74 mg po etapie trzecim. W wyniku zastosowania eksperymentu stwierdzono, że zawartość GRG złota ze złoża Gümüşhane/Mastra wyniosła 48,28% a ponadto stwierdzono wysoki potencjał do otrzymania wstępnych koncentratów bogatych w Au.