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EN
The article presents selected aspects regarding transporting goods intended for animal feeding. The transport of this type of cargo must meet trade safety requirements and be monitored at every stage of the transport chain. The safety of transport of this type of goods is given priority because possible contamination of feed could affect the quality of food products and threaten human health. The authors referred to the reasons for creating an international procedure regarding, among others, the transport of this group of goods, limiting the risks mentioned above. The proposed procedure is a response to various incidents of feed contamination. It was introduced as an internal system and then developed internationally. The article points to the multi-threaded nature of topics related to the risk management process during the transport of feed intended for animal feeding by rail. This article presents an approach to this issue that considers a multi-aspect analysis of decision support. Risk assessment in transporting feed by rail is an essential factor influencing safety in trade. The article presents the FMEA method, which enables decision support analysis considering non-compliance risk. The recommended method that enables the examination of transport processes for this group of goods is the analysis of the types and effects of possible errors. The task solved using the FMEA method is fed by historical data, the transport task, and the FMEA methodology. Three elements are analyzed - the significance of non-compliance, the risk of non-compliance, and the possibility of detecting non-compliance. They enable quantification and determination of a risk priority number. If the acceptable risk level is exceeded, changes are made to the transport task. The article broadly refers to aspects of risk analysis, which allows you to manage the transport process.
EN
The article presents the possibility of increasing the production efficiency in an enterprise dealing in the production of lounge furniture. The literature review shows that Poland is the sixth country in the world in the amount of furniture production. It is also one of the leading exporters of upholstered furniture in Europe. Each year, the value of furniture sales production increases by a few percentage points. Due to the constantly growing customer orders, many companies in this industry are struggling with delays in delivering products to customers. This problem also occurs in the analyzed company. While analyzing the production process, the occurrence of a large number of non-conformities was also noticed. An analysis was carried out to indicate the number of non-conformities and the place of their occurrence. The FMEA analysis was used, which indicated which non-conformities are the most important, and the 5Why method, which allowed to indicate the cause of their occurrence. The analysis of production processes showed which activities do not bring added value and how they can be eliminated at no cost. All these measures contributed to increasing the efficiency of the production of lounge furniture.
EN
The paper presents the definitions of the term quality quoted in the literature on the subject. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) methodology was presented. A reloading ramp was characterized as the subject of the study. A cause-and-effect analysis of non-compliance in the finished product was performed using the Pareto-Lorenz diagram, Ishikawa diagram and brainstorming. The FMEA analysis of the assembly table indicated the elements of the workstation causing the most frequently occurring non-conformities. Based on the obtained results, corrective actions were proposed to reorganize the assembly station. The implemented activities made it possible to reduce the critical RPN coefficients for the elements of the assembly table and to shorten the time necessary to make one piece of the finished product.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono definicje pojęcia jakość przytaczane w literaturze przedmiotu. Zaprezentowano metodykę FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis). Scharakteryzowano rampę przeładunkową jako przedmiot badań. Dokonano analizy przyczynowo-skutkowej powstawania niezgodności w wyrobie gotowym z wykorzystaniem diagramu Pareto-Lorenza oraz diagramu Ishikawy i burzy mózgów. Dzięki przeprowadzonej analizie FMEA stołu montażowego wskazano elementy stanowiska powodujące najczęściej powstające niezgodności. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników zaproponowano działania korygujące, mające na celu reorganizacje stanowiska montażu. Wdrożone działania naprawcze umożliwiły obniżenie krytycznych współczynników RPN w elementach stołu montażowego oraz skrócenie czasu niezbędnego do wykonania jednej sztuki wyrobu gotowego na stanowisku montażu.
EN
The paper deals with the implementation of a modified FMEA methodology according to the EU Commission Regulation no. 402/13 on a common safety method for risk assessment and evaluation in the railway sector. The basic goal is to create a methodology for risk identification regarding the safety of services in railway transport concerning railway crossings. Reason for this research was the fact that the manager of the railway infrastructure in Slovakia has problems related to accidents at railway crossings including problems with the quality of services when trains are delayed. Based on previous research, this area has been defined as a priority for risk identification. Accidents at level crossings are often the result of complex interactions between several factors. The results of the authors’ long-term research bring direct impact on the safety and quality of rail transport services. The first effect of the research is a detailed investigation of the causes of accidents, on which the new methodology is based. This is important because understanding the causes of accidents is the first step in eliminating them. The proposed new framework of the methodology provides guidance to the railway infrastructure manager on how to identify, analyze, evaluate and eliminate the risks of their effects.
EN
The revitalization of mining dumps in the Silesian agglomeration is a very difficult and complex problem. It has a substantial impact on the concepts of sustainable urban development. Other than the key areas including people, the environment and the economy, revitalization also refers to spatial management, and thus to a significant improvement in the functioning conditions of the local cities’ communities. The article describes an algorithm assessing the possibilities of revitalizing a mining dump by one of the Polska Grupa Górnicza’s mines. With legal status and location taken into account, several potential scenarios had been proposed, out of which one was chosen based on the adopted criteria. The chosen scenario had been subjected to further assessment using analyses such as SWOT/TOWS, FMEA, and QFD. The analyses had been carried out in order to acquire more effective and meaningful assessments, having taken social and economic aspects into consideration. In effect of the carried out analysis a recreational scenario was proposed. The adopted solution shows that the mine can continue its work in accordance with the principle of sustainable development as well as apply the concept of corporate social responsibility.
EN
With continuous improvements in the function and performance of ship equipment, mechanisms of failure have become more and more complicated. To avoid over-maintenance or under-maintenance in existing routine ship maintenance strategies, a ship-level method for repair decisions based on the preventive maintenance concept is proposed in this paper. First, the anticipated repair demand levels of key components are calculated using an improved failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method; second, a Weibull distribution model is established, and the parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to predict the characteristic life of the equipment; then, logical decision principles and rule-based reasoning (RBR) are used to determine the ship repair level and repair timing. Finally, the feasibility and application value of the proposed repair strategy were verified by case studies, and a ship-level system for repair decisions was established.
EN
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a very important part of the industrial world, especially in the manufacturing sector. The development of the business world affects the complexity of the supply chain due to the lack of logistics infrastructure, quality of materials and components, and much more. Supply chain disruption risk mapping needs to be done due to high uncertainty, which is overcome by implementing a decision support system. Based on the background of the problem, supply chain disruption mapping uses the help of the Six Sigma method, which consists of 5 stages: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC). The measurement of disturbance also uses the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach to prioritize risk. Risks that have a high assessment and cause failure need to be prioritized for improvement. This study aims to map supply chain disruptions in the current manufacturing industry based on the barriers, resistances, and causes detected for making a decision support system prototype. By implementing a decision support system in the supply chain process, it is hoped that the manufacturing industry can minimize potential losses from existing risks.
EN
FMEAs have been prioritized using RPN; however, a new standard has introduced AP for prioritization. This study seeks to determine if the number of required improvement actions increases, decreases, or stays the same when using AP in place of RPN. Statistical software was used to simulate 10,000 combinations of severity, occurrence, and detection. Both AP and RPN were calculated for the 10,000 combinations. Statistical hypothesis testing was performed to determine if there was a difference between RPNs when sorted by AP and to determine if there was a difference in actions required using RPN or AP. There is a statistically significant difference between RPNs when sorted by high, medium, and low AP. Using an RPN threshold equal to or greater than 100 would result in no change in the number of actions required if prioritizing by high and medium, but would result in fewer actions required if only high is used.
EN
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a very complex technology. Although the installation of pipelines by means of this technology is often successful, examples of unsuccessful projects are also known. Due to the complexity of the technology, with the interaction of multiple processes, risks related to uncertainties in these processes play important role. These risks are related to the variability of underground strata, changing natural environment, changes in economic environment, as well as limitations of the equipment, technical disruptions and human factors. This paper describes the risk evaluation results of the FMEA and a Pareto– Lorenz analysis for 14 external risk factors (8 natural or environmental risk factors as well as 6 economic risk factors) in HDD technology. In the proposed approach not only the probability of the external risk factor occurrence was considered, but also its consequences and the ability to detect faults, which were not plainly separated and taken into account in the literature so far. Such an approach has shown the relationship between occurrence, severity and detection for the analysed external failures. Moreover, 40 detection possibilities for the external risks in HDD technology were identified. The calculated risk priority numbers enabled ranking HDD external failures and identified the most critical risks for which the suggested detection options were unsatisfactory and insufficient, and therefore other types of risk response actions need to be explored.
EN
Background: This study proposes a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) framework for operational supply chain risks assessment based on fuzzy failure mode effect analysis model. The proposed framework attempts to overcome some weaknesses and disadvantages of the traditional FMEA in many aspects such as (i) considering “degree of difficulty to eliminate risks” in the assessment process, (ii) using MCDM ranking methodology instead of a risk priority number, (iii) taking both subjective and objective weights of risk criteria into account. Application of the proposed framework used canned tuna production in Thailand as a case study. Methods: In this study, the operational supply chain risks assessment is treated as fuzzy MCDM problem. Subjective weights of risk criteria are determined by experts’ judgements. Objective weights are derived by Shannon entropy method. VIKOR approach is employed to prioritize the failure modes. A sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the robustness of the proposed framework. Results and conclusions: The findings from this study indicates that the most three critical FMs are “risk of product deterioration” followed by “risk of volatility raw materials supplied” and “risk of variabilities in production processes”, respectively. It recommends that the practitioners in canned tuna industry should give the priority to mitigate these risks. Although the present study focuses on canned tuna industry, the other similar industries can apply this proposed framework to assess their operational supply chain risks in the same way.
EN
Technological ensuring the reliability of machine parts is realized by failing to reach the limited state of the elements of the technological system: machine – clamping device – metal-cutting tool-part. A method of optimization synthesis of parameters of technological processes of manufacturing machine parts has been developed. Testing the developed methodology, it was found that the metal cutting tool is Meanwhile, research has shown that metal cutting machine has the least influence on the formation of detailed quality-adjustable parameters from all the the weakest element of the technological system in terms of reliability and has the greatest impact on the quality of machined parts. elements of the process media "machine – clamping device – cutting tool". Finally, a concrete example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed technique has been successfully tested for the manufacturing process of the reduction-gear housing.
EN
Sustainability-related risk and vulnerability management have attained significant attention from academia and industry. Manufacturing industries in developing countries such as Pakistan are under severe economic pressure and striving to boost sustainable supply chain practices for achieving business excellence. In this context, the objectives of the present research are to examine the critical supply chain risks associated with sustainable development goals, namely social, economic, and environmental factors. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) technique is employed for categorizing the risk factors and Pareto analysis for highlighting the more crucial and risky factors. For this purpose, a large-scale survey was carried out in the textile industries of Pakistan to develop a risk mitigation model for sustainability-related risks and vulnerability in a textile supply chain (TSC). It captures the input expressions of experts for risk factors, namely severity (s), occurrence (o), and detection (d) for calculating the risk priority numbers (RPNs) of identified alternatives. The results depict that endogenous environmental risks categorize as the most significant for the textile manufacturing industries, and the interfaces between the various risks associated with sustainability-related are also found very high. This study would be a toolkit for the industrial managers and policy-makers for creating sustainable manufacturing culture on organizational premises.
EN
The FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method is a systematic approach used to identify potential failure modes in production processes, as well as the associated effects and likelihood of those failures occurring. The FMEA method helps to prioritize potential failure modes based on their potential impact, allowing organizations to address the most critical issues first. This article presents a comprehensive review of the FMEA method, including its history, principles, and steps. The article also discusses the benefits of the FMEA method for companies, including improved product quality, reduced costs, and enhanced customer satisfaction. The FMEA form is an essential component of the FMEA process, as it helps to ensure that all relevant information is captured and organized in a structured manner. This article will introduce the FMEA method and provide an overview of the FMEA form, including its various sections and how it is used in the FMEA process. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of FMEA and the ways in which it is applied, to ensure the applicability of FMEA to manufacturing processes for manufacturers. In this way, manufacturers will benefit in time, budget, energy and profitability. In addition, with FMEA, problems will be prioritized according to their criticality, and errors will be intervened at the right time and in the fastest way. In the article, an FMEA form will be created for the steel rope production process as a study case, and the benefit and profitability it will provide to the manufacturer will be revealed. In this way, the effect of FMEA in a production process will be embodied.
14
Content available remote The improvement of a fail-safe counter for low-speed detection
EN
This paper presents a low-speed detection method by proposing a fail-safe counter. The features of this proposed method were the adoption of digital counter circuits for the detection of low-speed, the diagnosis of the digital counter circuit, and its result output as dynamic signals to a low-pass filter and a charge pump circuit. Moreover, an additional diagnosis of a fail-safe window comparator which evaluated the DC signal level from the charge pump circuit. The improvement of a fail-safe counter for low-speed detection required a simple calculation of the circuit without any use of CPUs. These diagnoses were regarded as the frequency domain and time domain. When the motor speed became lower than the predetermined speed and there were no parts of the digital counter circuit malfunction, the dynamic signals with the low-pass frequency would be provided to the filter and the DC signal would eventually be the output, as the low-speed detection results displayed a fail-safe manner. These have been revealed by the FMEAs of the fail-safe counter, including the failure modes.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę wykrywania małej prędkości, proponując licznik odporny na uszkodzenia. Cechy proponowanej metody polegają na zastosowaniu cyfrowych obwodów licznika do detekcji małych obrotów, diagnostyce obwodu licznika cyfrowego i wyprowadzaniu wyniku w postaci dynamicznych sygnałów do filtru dolnoprzepustowego i obwodu pompy ładunkowej. Ponadto dodatkowa diagnostyka niezawodnego komparatora okienkowego, który oceniał poziom sygnału DC z obwodu pompy ładującej. Udoskonalenie niezawodnego licznika do wykrywania małej prędkości wymagało prostego obliczenia obwodu bez użycia procesorów. Rozpoznania te traktowano jako dziedzinę częstotliwości i dziedzinę czasu.
EN
This article presented the application of a safety comparator in the track circuit of a railway signaling system for counting the overvoltage caused by voltage fluctuation resulting in the damage of the BR966F2 relay. Overvoltage counting in the track circuit of the railway signaling system using the safety comparator to detect two voltages in the series circuit and the fault of overvoltage of the track circuit were used for detecting the status of the train in the interlocking system of the railway signaling system, and the digital counter circuit displaying the overvoltage status to monitor and confirm the use of the BR966F2 relay of the railway signaling system that resolved the problem causing the track circuit error, minimized the duration for system maintenance, and maximized the reliable performance of the advanced safety system in the track circuit for the control and command functions of the railway’s operations of the State Railway of Thailand.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie układu bezpieczeństwa w obwodzie torowym sygnalizacji kolejowej do zliczania przepięć wywołanych wahaniami napięcia powodującymi uszkodzenie przekaźnika BR966F2. Zliczanie przepięć w obwodzie torowym sygnalizacji kolejowej za pomocą komparatora bezpieczeństwa do wykrycia dwóch napięć w obwodzie szeregowym oraz zwarcia przepięcia obwodu torowego posłużyło do wykrycia stanu pociągu w blokadach systemu sygnalizacji kolejowej oraz obwodu licznika cyfrowego wyświetlającego stan przepięcia w celu monitorowania i potwierdzenia użycia przekaźnika BR966F2.
EN
This paper presented the fail-safe relay drive circuits with digital logic ICs sequential switching that the serial sequence was according to the ISO 13849-2 standard. The boost circuits increased voltage from five volts to 24 volts, in which the high voltage gain boost DC-DC converter circuit was derived from cascading a flyback converter and a boost converter with fail-safe capacitors. The reliability of the circuit was tested by failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) for the adjustable speed electrical power drive systems (IEC 61800-5-2). This ensured that the designed circuit was fail-safe and without any dangerous failures. The circuit was tested with a computer simulation program and experimental circuit.
PL
W tym artykule przedstawiono bezawaryjne obwody napędów przekaźnikowych z sekwencyjnym przełączaniem cyfrowych układów scalonych, których sekwencja szeregowa była zgodna z normą ISO 13849-2. Obwody zwiększające napięcie zwiększyły napięcie z pięciu woltów do 24 woltów, w którym obwód przetwornicy DC-DC zwiększający wzmocnienie wysokiego napięcia został wyprowadzony z kaskadowania przetwornicy flyback i przetwornicy podwyższającej z bezpiecznymi kondensatorami. Niezawodność obwodu sprawdzono za pomocą analizy przyczyn i skutków awarii (FMEA) dla elektrycznych układów napędowych o regulowanej prędkości (IEC 61800-5-2). Zapewniło to, że zaprojektowany obwód był odporny na awarie i bez żadnych niebezpiecznych awarii. Układ został przetestowany za pomocą programu do symulacji komputerowej i układu eksperymentalnego.
EN
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic approach for evaluating the potential failure modes in a system, and is mainly employed in three distinct tasks labelled: (1) Functional FMEA – evaluating those failures associated with product functional definition, (2) Design FMEA – analysing those failures associated with design definition and (3) Process FMEA – assessing potential failures in manufacturing and assembly processes. The literature review has shown limited works on the field of synchronising these different tasks into a working model. To address this gap, this research developed a framework for integrating these tasks of FMEAs, and then qualitatively validating the proposed framework. This research adopted a semi-structured questionnaire to collect experts’ feedback and validate the proposed framework. The t-test was then employed to evaluate the collected feedback. The findings highlight that the proposed framework is applicable and could facilitate the synchronisation of the different tasks of FMEA. This research presents a methodological approach for executing and synchronising FMEAs. Therefore, the proposed framework is practically relevant as an aid for the practitioners in catching the cascading failures and reducing the relevant impact.
EN
Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology is a highly complex process connected with high risk and uncertainty due the high variability underground strata, often limited access to specialised equipment, dynamic natural environment, technical disruptions, human factor and changes in economic environment that further complicate the gathering of reliable information and data. This work presents a new risk evaluation model tailored for HDD technology, in which failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) modelling were applied. This paper focuses on 15 human risk factors and 9 equipment risk factors in HDD technology. The proposed approach takes into account not only the probability of the risk factor occurrence, but also its severity and the possibility of detecting faults, which were not clearly separated and analyzed in the previous works. Application of the proposed model shows the relationship between occurrence, severity and detection for the analyzed failures. Moreover, many detection possibilities for the identified failures were presented. The calculated risk priority numbers allowed to rank HDD failures and identify the most critical risks for which one should look for risk treatment possibilities beyond risk cause reduction, such as risk effect reduction, risk transfer, risk elimination or active risk retention.
EN
Purpose: The main aim of the paper is to identify, evaluate and improve the factors that are responsible for the reliable operation of the guttering system using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the planned goal, the FMEA method was used. This is one of the suitable techniques of reliability modelling used to investigate the failure behaviour of a products and processes. The article presents the use of design FMEA on the example of a guttering system that is produced in one of the companies in the Podkarpackie province. In order to do this, potential defects and their effects have been identified. Later, the control methods used in the company were specified. The frequency of potential defects was then estimated, as well as their significance and possibility of detection. Findings: The design FMEA method allowed the authors to reveal defects, including critical defects, which may significantly affect the construction of a guttering system. The defects and their root causes were identified, and a proposal for corrective and preventive actions was suggested. Originality/value: An original solution of a guttering system that is currently in production in the Podkarpackie province was tested. This analysis should contribute to improving the quality of products manufactured here.
EN
Purpose: Welding is one of the most commonly used methods of joining parts in the manufacturing industry. Unfortunately, during the welding process, a phenomenon in the deformation of the welded part occurs. With the required high geometrical accuracy, deformations negatively affect the ability of mounting a given part (Ferenc, 2007). The article presents a method of minimising pipe deformations with welded probes. Design/methodology/approach: The paper focuses on welding – method of joining metal parts and using selected quality management methods and tools (Wolniak, and Skotnicka, 2011). Findings: The cause of defective products was found. Practical implications: It has been developed a tool that minimizes the deformation of the welding process. The amount of defective products was minimized from 100% to 2% in the analyzed case. Originality/value: The presented methods can be used in production processes in which welding is used.
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