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Polityka w zakresie środowiska Unii Europejskiej i Polski w świetle koncepcj i zrównoważonego rozwoju

Zakrzewska M., Nagaj R

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2014

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nr 3

72--80

PL

Rozważania w artykule skupione są wokół istoty gospodarczej, środowiskowej oraz społecznej koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju .Autorzy dowodzą, że implementacja celów klimatycznych odbywa się przede wszystkim przez osiąganie przez państwa członkowskie celów wskaźnikowe w zakresie redukcji emisji zanieczyszczeń, efektywności energetycznej i udziału źródeł odnawialnych w bilansie energetycznym. Analiza przeprowadzona w artykule wykazała, że tak prowadzona polityka zapewniła w UE poprawę stanu środowiska naturalnego mierzoną spadkiem poziomu śladu ekologicznego. Pozytywnie na tle UE wypadła Polska, w której była obserwowana znaczna dynamika wzrostu produkcji przy jednoczesnym spadku emisji zanieczyszczeń, co korzystnie wpłynęło na środowisko naturalne i jakość życia społeczeństwa.

EN

The goal of every State is to increase prosperity. This can be achieved by properly pursuing a policy of sustainable development, understood as the pursuit of sustainable economic growth whilst maintaining a macroeconomic balance along with the implementation of a specific bundle of socially desirable objectives in keeping with the natural environment. Reality shows that the climate plays an increasingly important role in the awareness of both society and politicians. But does it lead to the achievement of these objectives? These questions are answered in this article. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of the ecological functions of the concept of sustainability in Poland and in the EU. The article also discusses the theory of the concept of sustainable development and the role of climate policy in the common policy of the European Union, with particular emphasis on the Polish aspect. The Authors also analyzed the degree of achievement of the objectives of this climate policy.

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Influence of regional extensional tectonics on the Jurassic ammonoid lineages as exampled on the Tethyan margins

Krishna J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

180-180

EN

In another research (Krishna 2006) demonstrated the governance of the 1st and 2nd order sequence stratigraphic frameworks by regional extensional tectonics contrary to the global applicability of the eustatically driven 3rd order framework. In an effort to test the crucial role of extensional tectonics on the 1st to 2nd order sequence framework is investigated the influence of such tectonics on the Jurassic ammonoid lineages in the Tethys. The well resolved 1st to 2nd SB’s and MFS’s of the recently developed sequence framework in the Tethys are analysed vis-a-vis FAD’s and LAD’s of respective Tethyan ammonoid lineages. The lineages selected for the exercise belong to Stephanoceratacea and Perisphinctacea: – Macrocephalitinae Chrysoolithicus lineage (late Late Bathonian Triangularis Zone to mid Early Callovian Diadematus Subzone), Mayatinae (Early Oxfordian Obliqueplicatus Zone to Middle Oxfordian Orientalis Zone) of the Gondwanian Tethyan margin, and the broadly corresponding – Kosmoceratidae and – Cardioceratinae lineage of Stephanoceratacea, and – Torquatisphinctinae (late Late Oxfordian Wagurensis Zone to Early Tithonian Virgatosphinctoides Zone) – Virgatosphinctinae (late Late Kimmeridgian Infundibulum Subzone to Late Tithonian Densiplicatus Zone) of the Gondwanian Tethyan margin and the broadly corresponding – Perisphinctinae (late Late Callovian Lamberti Zone to early Late Oxfordian Bifurcatus Zone), – Ataxioceratinae (mid Late Oxfordian Bimammatum Zone to Early Kimmeridgian Hypselocyclum Zone), – Lithacoceratinae (Late Kimmeridgian Beckeri Zone to Late Tithonian Durangites Zone) of Perisphinctacea. The investigations reveal that the lineages either originate or become extinct or drastically reduced in density with marked change in evolutionary framework either at or near the 1st or 2nd order MFS’s or SB’s. For example, there is extinction of the Gondwanian Chrysoolithicus lineage at a 2nd order MFS, of the corresponding European Kosmoceratinae also at a 2nd order MFS, of the Gondwanian Mayaitinae at the 1st order MFS and of the corresponding European Cardioceratinae also at the 1st order MFS, drastic reduction in the density of the Gondwanian Torquatisphinctinae at a 2nd order MFS and origination of the corresponding European Ataxioceratinae at a 2nd order SB, of the Gondwanian Virgatosphinctinae at the 1st order MFS and of the European Lithacoceratinae near the 1st order MFS. The investigations as above explicitly demonstrate that the ranges of ammonoids lineages are controlled by the 1st and 2nd order sequence stratigraphic framework which in turn are exclusively governed by relatively low frequency high magnitude regional extensional tectonics. The regional extensional tectonics lacks globality on account of widely differing stress buildup and timing of the resultant extensional tectonic event. On the contrary the high frequency low magnitude 3rd order framework is guided by eustatic fluctuations without any interference by the low frequency high magnitude extensional tectonics.

3

Socjologiczna analiza roli organizacji pozarządowych w budowaniu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego

Chojnacki W.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2003

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nr 1(50)

325-338

EN

The author discusses the problem of genesis, idea and functions of non-governmental organisations in Poland and selected countries in the world. He shows their significance in the process of building the civil society architecture, particularly in the period of the state transformation and market economy. It is essential, according to the author, for the government and local government administration to see the need of a wide partnership co-operation with non-governmental organisations and base this co-operation on an appropriate division of tasks between governmental and local government workers. The representative of non-governmental organisations should see partners in them and not only the source of gaining financial means.