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EN
In Eurocode 5, the stiffness equation for bolted steel-wood-steel is stated as a function of wood density and fastener diameter only. In this research, an experimental study on various configurations of tested bolted steel-wood-steel (SWS) connections has been undertaken to predict the initial stiffness of each connection. In order to validate the Eurocode 5 stiffness equation, tests on 50 timber specimens (40 glued laminated timbers and 10 laminated veneer lumbers (LVL)) with steel plates were undertaken. The number of bolts was kept similar and the connector diameter, timber thickness, and wood density were varied. The results obtained in the experimental tests are compared with those obtained from the Eurocode 5 stiffness equation. From the analysis, it is signified that the stiffness equation specified in Eurocode 5 for bolted SWS connections does not adequately predict the initial stiffness. The results from Eurocode 5 stiffness equation are very far from the experimental values. The ratio of stiffness equation to experimental results ranges from 3.48 to 4.20, with the average at 3.77, where the equation overpredicted the experimental stiffness value for the connection. There is a need to consider or incorporated other parameters such as geometric configurations in Eurocode 5 stiffness equation to improve the ratio with the experimental data.
EN
Steel-wood-steel connection is widely seen in many applications, such as timber structures. The stiffness of steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to grain for softwoods originated from Malaysia was investigated in this study. Numerical models have been developed in ABAQUS to study the stiffness connection. Softwoods of Damar Minyak and Podo have been selected in this analysis. The comprehensive study focused on the effect of bolt configurations on stiffness. Numerical analysis is carried out and the developed model has been validated with the previous study. Further investigations have been made by using the validated model. From this model, numerical analysis of the stiffness values have been made for various bolt configurations, including bolt diameter, end distance, bolt spacing, number of rows and bolts and edge distance. The result shows that the stiffness of bolted timber connections for softwood depends on the bolt diameter, number of rows and bolts, end distance and edge distance. Based on the result, stiffness increased as the diameter of the bolt, end distance, number of rows and bolts and edge distance increased. It is also discovered that the stiffness equation in Eurocode 5 (EC5) is inadequate as the equation only considered parameters which are wood density and bolt diameter. Other connection parameters such as geometry are not considered in the EC5 equation.
3
Content available remote Ocena odporności ogniowej drewnianych belek i słupów zgodnie z Eurokodem 5
PL
W artykule omówiono zasady projektowania konstrukcji drewnianych z uwagi na warunki pożarowe. Przedstawiono zasady ogólne oraz obliczeniowe metody ustalania odporności ogniowej belek i słupów drewnianych zgodne z Eurokodem PN-EN 1995-1-2. Przytoczone przykłady zarówno dla elementów niezabezpieczonych, jak zabezpieczonych przed oddziaływaniem pożaru pozwalają na ocenę skuteczności ogniochronnej różnych typów rozwiązań konstrukcyjno-materiałowych.
EN
This article discusses design rules of timber structures under fire conditions. General rules and calculation methods enabling assessment of the fire resistance of timber beams and columns in accordance with Eurocode PN-EN 1995-1-2 are presented. Given examples of unprotected and protected elements against the fire load enable to assess effectiveness of fire protective materials applied to different structural-material solutions.
PL
Omówiono ogólne zasady obliczeń poprzecznych stężeń dźwigarów dachowych oraz stężeń pionowych międzysłupowych zawarte w normie PN-EN 1995-1-1 (Eurokod 5). Podano przykłady obliczania oddziaływań imperfekcyjnych na te systemy stężające oraz zasady i przykłady ich rozmieszczania.
EN
General principles of calculation of the roof transversal bracings and vertical bracing for a series of columns according to PN-EN 1995-1-1 (Eurocode 5) have been presented. Examples of calculating the internal stability load per unit length of the bracing systems, main rules and also examples where multiple bracing systems for a series of compression or bending members are required were given in this paper.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę projektowania konstrukcji drewnianych według PN-EN 1995-1-1 "Eurokod 5: Projektowanie konstrukcji drewnianych. Część 1-1: Postanowienia ogólne, Zasady ogólne i zasady dla budynków na przykładzie konstrukcji stropu drewnianego opartego na podciągu i słupach drewnianych".
EN
The article presents an analysis of the design of timber structures by Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1.1: General rules and rules for buildings.
9
Content available remote Wymiarowanie drewnianych belek złożonych według Eurokodu Nr 5 i PN-81/B-03150
EN
Eurocode No.5 is one from a group of standards for the structural and geotechnical design of building and civil engineering works. It applies to the design of timber structures PN-81/B-03150 is used for this purpose in Poland. This work discusses comparison between dimensioning according to PN-81/B-03150 and Eurocode No.5. The analysis of results has been performed basing on calculations concerning design of the floor T-beams, having clear span 4800 mm and joined with nails.
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