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Geodynamics of the Eurasian and Africa–Arabian collision zone as exemplified by the Black Sea–Caspian Sea region

Adamia Shota, Sadradze Nino, Chabukiani Alexander, Lebanidze Zurab, Aphkhazava Maia, Sadradze Guga

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

9--10

EN

The lithosphere structure and geological evolution of the Caucasus and adjacent areas is determined by its position in the continental collision zone between the Eurasian and African-Arabian lithosphere plates, where convergence is still on-going at average rate of movement 10–30 mm/per year. The region located in the central part of the collision zone represents the lithosphere fragments collage of the Tethys Ocean and its continental margins. Within this area the system of island arcs, intra- and back arc bsins existed during Neoproterozoic–Early Cenozoic. Supra-subduction, midocean ridges and within plate magmatic activity took place during Paleozoic–Early Cenozoic. In Late Cenozoic closure of the oceanic and backarc basins took place followed by the continent-continent collision, topography inversion and formation of modern structures in the region (Adamia et al., 1981, 2017; Dercourt et al., 1986). During the pre-collision stage there were not two, but three Tethys branches. The third of them is Van-Khoi oceanic branch. Number of palaeo-subduction zones (two or three?) is still debatable within the academic community. One research group (e.g. Sosson et al., 2010; Barrier et al., 2018) admits existence of two subduction zones: Peri-Arabian and Ankara-Erzincan-Sevan-Zangezur zones, whilst another group including the abstract authors refer to the presence of three subduction zones and aside from abovementioned zones consider the presence of the Khoy Ocean and third subduction zone related to one of the Neotethys branches (Adamia et al., 1981, 2017; Dercour et al., 1986; Stampfli, 2001). According to Adamia et al. (1981, 2017), Dercourt et al. (1986), Daralogöz-South Armenian block and Nakhchevan (SAB) in the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic represent the part of the Iranian but not the Anatolian Microcontinent.

2

65 Years of OSJD Activities in Eurasia

Antonowicz Mirosław

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2021

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Z. 192

111--120

EN

The Organisation for Co-Operation between Railways (OSJD) is an international organisation established on the basis of the “Provisions on the Organisation for Cooperation between Railways” international agreement. The year 2021 is significant for the OSJD since the Organisation celebrates 65 years of its existence. The past years were a period of constant development of the OSJD, full of important events and changes, both within the Organisation itself and in the economic and geopolitical situation of the regions in which it functions. The OSJD has always been focused on the development and improvement of railway transport in Eurasia through the development and improvement of transport corridors and the harmonization of transport law. It is one of the major organisations in the railway sector, actively operating and cooperating with other important international organisations functioning in the railway transport sector, such as the International Union of Railways (UIC), the International Rail Transport Committee (CIT), and the Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF), whose task is to promote, cooperate, develop, improve, and facilitate international railway transport as a means of transport that could meet the challenges in terms of mobility and sustainable transport. As part of this cooperation, the OSJD is focused on the constant improvement of railway transport through the simplification of border procedures and the harmonisation of transport documents, which is exemplified by the common CIM/SMGS consignment note. The purpose of this article is to outline the main tasks and roles of the Organisation in the development of railway transport in Eurasia in recent years.

3

65 Lat działalności OSŻD w przestrzeni euroazjatyckiej

Antonowicz Mirosław

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2021

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Z. 192

7--16

PL

Organizacja Współpracy Kolei (OSŻD) jest międzynarodową organizacją stworzoną na podstawie międzynarodowej umowy „Przepisy o Organizacji Współpracy Kolei”. Rok 2021 jest znaczący dla OSŻD, ponieważ Organizacja obchodzi jubileusz 65-lecia istnienia. Minione lata były okresem ciągłego rozwoju OSŻD obfitującego w ważne wydarzenia i zmiany zarówno w samej Organizacji, jak i w ekonomicznej i geopolitycznej sytuacji na terytorium objętym jej działalnością. OSŻD sukcesywnie dąży do rozwoju i usprawnienia przewozów kolejowych w przestrzeni euroazjatyckiej przez rozwój i doskonalenie międzynarodowych korytarzy transportowych i unifikację prawa transportowego. Jest jedną z ważniejszych organizacji w obszarze zagadnień kolejowych funkcjonujących w świecie. Aktywnie działa i współpracuje z innymi ważnymi organizacjami międzynarodowymi działającymi w obszarze transportu kolejowego, jak np. Międzynarodowy Związek Kolejowy (UIC), Międzynarodowy Komitet Transportu Kolejowego (CIT), Międzyrządowa Organizacja Międzynarodowych Przewozów Kolejami (OTIF), których zadaniem jest dążenie do promocji, współpracy, rozwoju, usprawniania i ułatwiania międzynarodowego transportu kolejowego jako środka transportu mogącego sprostać wyzwaniom mobilności oraz zrównoważonego rozwoju. W ramach tej współpracy, OSŻD zmierza do ciągłego doskonalenia przewozów kolejowych przez upraszczanie procedur granicznych i harmonizację dokumentów przewozowych, czego przykładem jest wspólny list przewozowy CIM/SMGS. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie podstawowych zadań i roli organizacji w rozwoju transportu kolejowego w przestrzeni euroazjatyckiej na przestrzeni ostatnich lat.

4

Some problems in the study of the chronology of the ancient nomadic cultures in Eurasia (9th - 3rd centuries BC)

Alekseev A. Yu., Bokovenko N. A., Boltrik Yu., Chugunov K. A., Cook G., Dergachev V. A., Kovaliukh N., Possnert G., Plicht J. van der, Scott E. M., Sementsov A., Skripkin V., Vasiliev S., Zaitseva G.

Geochronometria

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2002

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Vol. 21

143-150

EN

This research is focused on the chronological investigations of ancient nomads belonging to the Scythian cultures which occupied the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia during the 9 th -3 rd centuries BC. The 14 C dates for the pre-scythian and early scythian time in both Europe and Asia are presented and compared to their chronological position based on archaeological evidence. The first 14 C dates have been produced for the Scythian time monuments located in the Lower Volga River basin, Urals and Transurals regions. Their chronological positions are compared with the position of the monuments of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. It was shown that the nomadic cultures belonging to the Scythian culture began to exist over the wide territory of Eurasia from the 9 th -8 th centuries cal BC and there are some monuments which may be synchronous to the Arzhan royal barrow (the oldest monument known). A list of new 14 C dates and a map of the monuments are presented.

5

Tree-rings, "wiggle matching" and statistics in the chronological studies of Scythian age sites in Asia

Vasiliev S., Bokovenko N. A., Chugunov K. A., Dergachev V. A., Sementsov A., Sljusarenko Yu., Zaitseva G.

Geochronometria

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2001

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Vol. 20

61-68

EN

A new method of cross-dating of wood samples is suggested. Based on the classical methods of spectral estimating, it uses the average cross-spectral density as a function of relative position of series. This procedure being not sensitive to phase shifts in data may be instrumental for the cross-dating of samples originating from different areas. The method was tested on Scythian tombs located in Southern Siberia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan, with the emphasis on the "Royal" barrows which included well preserved wood structures. For well-preserved timber samples, the accuracy in relative age estimations can reach a single year. The wiggle matching method has been used for a reliable assessment of the calendar-scale time.

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Wybrane problemy rozwoju rynków energii elektrycznej w krajach rozwijających się i w transformacji gospodarczej na przykładzie Indii i krajów Eurazji

Duda M.

Biuletyn Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki

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2001

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nr 1

36-38