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Synthesis of citrates of selected lanthanides (Er, Ho and Lu)

Janusz Władysław, Pikus Stanisław, Skwarek Ewa, Olszewska Elżbieta

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2020

Vol. 56, iss. 6

225--234

Holmium, erbium and lutetium citrates can be synthesized by transforming freshly precipitated holmium, erbium and lutetium hydroxides in the citric acid solution under the hydrothermal conditions (above 100 ℃) after 3 days of reaction. In this paper in order to determine the synthesis conditions, the hydroxide and citrate stability areas of selected lanthanides were compared. The studies of the structure of the obtained holmium citrate, erbium and lutetium samples showed that these compounds crystallize in a monoclinic system. The crystallite sizes determined by the HalderWagner method were 67.8 ± 8.0nm, 103.7 ± 4.5nm and 68.1 ± 4.2nm, respectively for the holmium citrate, erbium citrate and lutetium citrate samples. The shifts of the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of citric acid in the FTIR spectrum indicate the interactions of both groups with holmium, erbium and lutetium cations. Then the obtained samples were subjected to the analysis of composition, and their particle size distribution was determined.

Self-swept erbium fiber laser around 1.56 μm

Navratil P., Peterka P., Vojtisek P., Kasik I., Aubrecht J., Honzatko P., Kubecek V.

Opto-Electronics Review

2018

Vol. 26, No. 1

29--34

Self-swept erbium fiber laser emitting around 1.56 μm is reported in detail. Both sweep directions were registered: pointing toward longer and shorter wavelengths, redshift and blueshift sweeping, respectively. We describe method of determining the direction of the wavelength drift using the monochromator based optical spectrum analyzer. Possible root for this sweeping regime, i.e., the gain modulation along active fiber, is discussed with the help of a simple model calculating the overall cavity gain that can predict the direction of the laser wavelength sweeping.

Eu3+ And Er3+ doped SiO2 - TiO2 sol-gel films for active planar waveguides

Minh L. Q., Huong N. T., Barthou C., Benalloul P., Strek P., Anh T. K.

Materials Science

2002

Vol. 20, No. 2

47-52

Sol-gel films of SiO2 - TiO2 doped with Eu3+ or Er3+ ions were prepared by spin-coating with a variety of molar concentration ratios of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and titanium isopropoxide (TPOT). The ratios of SiO2 - TiO2 are 90/10, 85/15, 80/20, 75/25 and the concentrations of Eu and Er ions varied from 10-3 to 5.10-2 mol %. Silica-titania films annealed from 150 up to 900°C decreased their thickness from 300 to 150 nm and increased the refractive index from 1.49 to 1.62. The multilayer (6-8 layers) silica-titania thin films with thickness about 1.2 - 1.6 mm have been developed in order to make highly doped Eu3+ or Er3+ planar wave guides on silicon substrates. Luminescence spectra, lifetimes as well as FTIR and micro-Raman spectra have been measured. The influence of active ion concentrations and annealing temperature on the luminescence properties and the structure of thin films were investigated.