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Zmiany szaty roślinnej na przełomie interglacjału eemskiego i wczesnego vistulianu na stanowisku Srebrna (Polska Centralna)

Sieradz Dominika, Rychel Joanna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

523--526

EN

The paper describes a new profile of lake-bog sediments at the Srebrna site in central Poland. Palynological analysis of deposits confirmed their Eemian Interglacial to Early Vistulian age. Based on palynological data the authors made a reconstruction of climate and vegetation changes from the middle Eemian Interglacial to the beginning of the Early Vistulian.

2

Does the multi-proxy Eemian record from the Słup site (central Poland) indicate a more humid climate at the beginning of the hornbeam phase?

Kultys Kamil, Brzozowicz Dorota, Drzymulska Danuta, Szymanek Marcin, Mirosław-Grabowska Joanna, Pidek Irena Agnieszka, Żarski Marcin

Geological Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 3

art. no. 24

EN

A new site of Eemian organogenic deposits in S3up (central Poland) has revealed an intermittent record of several phases within this interglacial. Pollen based studies of the core S3-19, drilled at the littoral zone of the palaeolake, indicated the absence of the E2, E3, E6 and an incomplete record of the E4 and E5 zones of the typical pollen succession. Results of other proxies (plant macrofossils, Cladocera, molluscs, NPPs, isotopes) supported the conclusions derived from the pollen diagram regarding the high humidity and lake water level during the E4 (Corylus-Quercus-Tilia) phase and at the beginning of the E5 (Carpinus-Corylus-Alnus) phase, when the fossil lake was most extensive. Thus, the lack of a record of the E3 and E4 RPAZs was associated with water level lowering and a less humid climate. The results stand in agreement with several other Eemian records from central Poland.

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Palaeobotanical record of the Eemian Interglacial succession at the Jagodne site (Garwolin Plain, central Poland)

Bober Aleksandra, Brzozowicz Dorota, Drzymulska Danuta, Żarski Marcin, Suchora Magdalena

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 34

EN

Our high-resolution data of pollen and macrofossils from 2 cores taken from the Jagodne site (Garwolin Plain) reveals a pollen succession covering the final part of the Late Saalian (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 6) and embracing the Eemian (MIS 5e). The results correspond to Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones (RPAZ). The hornbeam phase (E5 RPAZ) has been subdivided into subzones and compared to the corresponding division of the key profile of the Garwolin Plain, Kozłów K2-19. The comparison revealed a considerable sedimentary hiatus in the E5 RPAZ at Jagodne. This is attributed to significant palaeohydrological changes occurring widely in this zone, and also seen at other Eemian sites in Poland. Another specific feature of the Jagodne site is the early, rapid terrestrialisation of the palaeolake and its transformation into a raised bog, which occurred already at the end of the hornbeam phase. The Sphagnum dominated peatbog developed for a long time as evidenced by a thick peat layer covering also the Early Vistulian. Both pollen and plant macrofossil data correspond well to observed lithological boundaries, providing a consistent record of palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes. The results obtained contribute to knowledge of palaeoenvironmental changes and palaeoclimate interpretation of that area.

4

Correlation of Eemian sections in Lithuania and Belarus based on palaeomagnetic, radioisotope and palaeobotanic data

Šeirienė Vaida, Karabanov Alexander, Baltrūnas Valentinas, Karmaza Bronislavas, Katinas Valentas, Pukelytė Violeta, Rylova Tatyana, Demidova Svetlana

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 3

art. no. 46

EN

Eemian (Murava, Merkinė) deposits at five exposed sections (Zaslavl, Zhukevichi, Ponemun, Snaigupėlė, and Netiesos) located in Lithuania and Belarus are described. Preliminary palaeomagnetic results show a record of the Brunhes epoch normal magnetic field and a short-term reversal – the Blake Event – is recognized in three of the five sections. The Blake Event recorded in the Netiesos section is characterized by a pattern consisting of three short reversed polarity intervals separated by two short normal polarity intervals. The directional changes of declination, inclination, and MS (magnetic susceptibility) are clear. ESR dating (112.5 ±10.8 and 112.1 ±25.9) and 230Th/U dates obtained from this section (108.8 ±12.0/9.9 ka for the L/L technique and 100.2 ±10.3/8.6 ka for the TSD technique) suggest that (Blake and post-Blake) palaeomagnetic excursions are present in this section. Palaeobotanical analysis and isotope dating of the Netiesos section suggest that the Blake Event occurred during the climatic optimum.

5

Morza plejstoceńskie elbląskie i z Próchnika na Wzniesieniu Elbląskim

Makowska Aurelia

Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2019

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T. 206

5--43

PL

W artykule omówiono trzy nowe odsłonięcia terenowe plejstoceńskich osadów morskich na Wzniesieniu Elbląskim w Kadynach i w Próchniku oraz niepublikowane dotąd wyniki ich datowania metodami TL, OSL i 14C. Na podstawie analizy tych danych oraz sytuacji geologicznej osadów morskich, w porównaniu z opublikowanymi już danymi o plejstoceńskich osadach morskich z tego obszaru, potwierdzono wcześniejsze wnioski o tym, że są one różnowiekowe, zarówno interglacjalne, jak i interstadialne. Wyniki nowych badań uwiarygodniają także uprzednie ustalenia, że znajdują się w jednej z międzymorenowych serii zaburzonego glacitektonicznie kompleksu osadów zlodowacenia Wisły nazwanej formacją Kadyn, gdzie są odmiennie usytuowane. Najwięcej miejsca zajmują tam interglacjalne iły elbląskie z Kadyn i z innych stanowisk omawianego obszaru. Są one nieporównywalne z niżej leżącymi na tym obszarze i niezaburzonymi lub mało zaburzonymi glacitektonicznie osadami eemskiego morza tychnowskiego, ponieważ to ostatnie jest morzem strefy luzytańskiej, a iły elbląskie reprezentują morza borealne i arktyczne. Według nowych danych można jednak przypuszczać, że są one głębokowodnymi osadami morza eemskiego, pochodzącymi z północnych obszarów niecki bałtyckiej i w odróżnieniu od osadów płytszego morza tychnowskiego, które występują tu w swej pierwotnej pozycji stratygraficznej, są jedynie porwakami glacjalnymi przeniesionymi na obszar Wzniesienia Elbląskiego przez loby lodowcowe ostatniego stadiału zlodowacenia Wisły. Z kolei osady morskie z Próchnika różnią się od iłów elbląskich wieloma cechami – są od nich młodsze i na podstawie datowań można przyjąć, że są związane sedymentacyjnie z międzymorenową formacją Kadyn, w której występują. Są one osadami nieznanego dotąd w tym rejonie chłodnego morza, które zajmowało południową część niecki bałtyckiej w starszym interstadiale zlodowacenia Wisły. Ustalenia te wpływają na zmianę rangi interglacjału krastudzkiego (elbląskiego) w podziale stratygraficznym osadów zlodowacenia Wisły, opierającym się na badaniach prowadzonych w latach 70–90. ub. w. na obszarze Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego, na wcześniej określony w tej pozycji stratygraficznej interstadiał gniewu.

EN

The paper discusses three new exposures of Pleistocene marine deposits in the Elbląg Upland at Kadyny and Próchnik, and unpublished results of their dating using the TL, OSL and 14C methods . Analysis of these data and the geological setting of the marine deposits, compared with previously published data on the Pleistocene succession in this area, confirm the earlier conclusions that these deposits are of different ages, both interglacial and interstadial. The results of the new research also confirm the previous observations that they occur within one of the intermorainic series of a glaciotectonically disturbed complex of Vistulian Glaciation deposits, referred to as the Kadyny Formation, where they occupy a different position. The interglacial Elbląg Clays from Kadyny and from other sites of the study area are the most common deposits there. They are incomparable with the underlying undisturbed or slightly deformed glaciotectonically deposits of the Eemian Tychnowy Sea in this area, because the sea belonged to the Lusitanian zone, while the Elbląg Clays represent the boreal and arctic seas. According to the new data, it can be assumed that they are deepwater sediments of the Eemian Sea, derived from northern areas of the Baltic Basin and, unlike the sediments of the shallower Tychnowy Sea, which occur here in their original stratigraphic position, they are only glacial rafts transported into the Elbląg Upland by ice lobes during the last stadial of the Vistulian Glaciation. In turn, the marine sediments from Próchnik differ from the Elbląg Clays with many features; they are younger and their ages suggest that they are associated with the intermorainic Kadyny Formation, within which they occur. They were deposited in a cold sea, previously unknown in this region, which occupied the southern part of the Baltic Basin in the older interstadial of the Vistulian Glaciation. These findings entail a necessity to change the rank of the “Krastudian (Elbląg) Interglacialˮ in the Vistulian Glaciation stratigraphic scheme, which is based on research conducted in the years 1970-1990s in the Vistulian Pomerania area, to the “Gniew Interstadialˮ that was previously determined for this stratigraphic position.

6

Szczątki nosorożca (Stephanorhinus sp.) oraz daniela (Dama dama) odkryte w osadach kopalnego jeziora eemskiego na Równinie Gorzowskiej

Badura J., Ciszek D., Kotowski A., Przybylski B., Ratajczak U., Stefaniak K., Urbański K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

219--226

EN

Erthwork during rebuilding of the S3 route in Gorzów Wielkopolski exposed sediments of a palaeolake. The thickness of the sediment complex reaches 11 m. Two gyttja layers are separated by peats and fluvial sands and muds. The sequence reflects a multiphase development of the lake. Lacustrine sediments overlie Odranian (Saalian) (MOIS 6) glaciofluvial deposits and are covered by Vistulian glacial sediments (MOIS 2). At present, the stratigraphic position of the palaeolake is dated to the Eemian (MOIS 5e), with a probable continuation of the deposition into the early Vistulian (MOIS 5d-4). Rhinoceros bones (more than 100 pieces), including a skull with 24 well-preserved teeth, were discovered in the lower part of the palaeolake sediments. The preliminary expertise report, based mainly on the teeth analysis, allows assigning the rhinoceros remains into the genus Stephanorhinus. The finding of so many pieces of the skeleton of Stephanorhinus sp. in situ is unique on the scale of European scale. Apart from the rhinoceros remains, a single metacarpal bone of fallow deer (Dama dama) was found in the site. This is the first record of extant fallow deer in the Pleistocene of Poland. The palaeolake sediments were sampled and multidisciplinary research is planned to reconstruct the history of the development of this basin. The relationship between the rhinoceros andfallow deer remains with the palaeoenvironment will make it possible to ascertain the conditions in which those animals lived at higher latitudes during the Eemian Interglacial.

7

History of development and terrestrialization of Lake Starowlany in the Eemian Interglacial on the basis of Cladocera analysis (Sokółka Hills, NE Poland)

Niska M., Kołodziej A.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 1

43--52

EN

This paper presents development of the paleolake Starowlany existing in the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) in north-eastern Poland. The lake history is based on Cladocera analysis. The paleolake Starowlany is located in the central part of the Sokółka Hills, approximately 9 km north of the town of Sokółka in the North Podlasie Lowland. The sediments studied filled a southern part of a tunnel valley formed during the Warta Glaciation. The coring was carried out with a geological drilling and constituted a part of the framework aimed at preparing the Sokółka sheet for the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in scale 1:50 000. The core was 7 m long. Peaty silt, peats and organic silt were present at the depth of 4.0–6.6 m, under deluvial sands, tills and silt. Organic series was overlain by a clayey silt with no glacial cover. Cladocera analysis was conducted with 20 samples from a depth interval 6.6–4.1 m. Remains of 17 species of Cladocera were found, representing the families: Chydoridae, Sididae and Bosminidae. A vast majority of them were the littoral species. In the paleolake Starowlany four development zones were distinguished that reflected changes as regards temperature, trophic levels and changes of water level in the lake. The paleolake existed from the early until the middle Eemian. The highest water level and the most favorable conditions for zooplankton development occurred in zones SCZ I and II. The highest trophic level took place in SCZ III (middle Eemian). In the late Eemian the water level dropped and the paleolake was transformed into a wetland. At certain points, the higher water level enabled existence of a few Cladocera species. The reasons for disappearance of the paleolake Starowlany included a local decrease in groundwater levels as well as morphometric and geological characteristics of the lake.

8

Geochronology and Palaeomagnetic Records of the Snaigupėlė Section in South Lithuania

Baltrūnas V., Maksimov F. E., Kuznetsov F. Y., Karmaza B., Katinas V.

Geochronometria

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2015

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Vol. 42, no.1

172--181

EN

The interglacial deposits in the South Lithuanian Snaigupėlė outcrop and borehole Snaigupėlė-705 are marked for different bedding conditions though the sections are in proximity of each other. In the borehole section, the interglacial deposits are thicker and bedding at a greater depth than the analogous deposits of the outcrop. In the Snaigupėlė outcrop, the highest compatibility of isochronic-correction dates, calculated using L/L (method of leaching) and TSD (method of total sample dissolution) models, was determined for combination of three samples. With the help of the f value (section of isochrones in the axis of ordinates), the contribution of the primary pollution with thorium was determined where, as based on corrected analytical data, isochronic-correction dating was performed: 18 14 127+ − ka years for the L/L model and 22 16 132+ − ka for the TSD model. Palaeomagnetic investigations showed that the section of lacustrine sediments in the lower part of Snaigupėlė outcrop were orientated by reversed magnetic excursion and in the upper part by normal magnetic polarity. Collation of the obtained data with the global geomagnetic scale showed that the palaeomagnetic inversion observed in the Snaigupėlė section was related with the Blake Event in the Eemian Interglacial.

9

Development of the Kubłowo palaeolake, central Poland, during the Eemian Interglacial as against subfossil Cladocera analysis - preliminary results

Niska M., Roman M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

31--38

EN

The results of analysis of Cladocera occurrence in lacustrine sediments from the Kubłowo site have been presented. Lacustrine and peat deposits found there have been previously analyzed for pollen content (depth of 11.1-3.8 m) and represent a longest continuous Eemian-Vistulian succession in central Poland (Roman and Balwierz, 2010). Cladocera analysis was carried out on 25 samples from the depth of 9.20-10.5 m of an Eemian age section. The section consists of fine organic sand, silt with organic matter and gyttja. Identified were 19 species of subfossil Cladocera and five zones of fauna development were distinguished. In the early and mid-Eemian low frequency zooplankton in the palaeolake has been found. Best conditions for zooplankton development occurred in the late Eemian (R PAZ E6, E7). At the end of the Eemian a significant change of climate in a deterioration of environmental conditions and decreased presence of zooplankton has been noted. Cladocera results and the pollen data enable a reconstruction of the climatic and environmental changes in the Kubłowo palaeolake.

10

Fossil Cladocera remains in the Eemian sediments - preservation, frequency and dominant species

Niska M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2012

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Vol. 29

31--43

EN

This paper presents the results of fossil Cladocera analysis using material obtained from seven palaeolakes of the Eemian interglacial located in Poland. The main aim of this study was to investigate the state of preservation and diversity of species in the Eemian Cladocera. The studied Eemian lakes were formed at the end of the Wartanian Glaciation in tunnel and kettle holes. They had preserved a continuous record of environmental changes throughout the Eemian interglacial, until the Vistulian Glaciation. Cladocera fossils found in Eemian sediments were thinner and had a more damaged structure than fossils from the Holocene. Low degree of fossil preservation forced to develop an alternative method for preparation of the fossils for the microscopic analysis. Cladocera species found in the examined palaeolakes corresponded to the present-day species inhabiting Poland and Central and Northern Europe. The changes in species composition resulting from climate changes corresponded to the current geographic distribution of Cladocera. Despite the poor condition of the obtained fossil remains, the results showed that cladoceran fossils in sedtments of palaeolakes may be used in the reconstruction of environmental conditions from the period preceding the last glaciation.

11

Eemskie gytie i kreda jeziorna z Warszawy jako przykład „mocnych” gruntów organicznych

Pietrzykowski P.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 446 (2)

385--396

PL

Grunty organiczne, a w tym gytie i kreda jeziorna, są powszechnie uważane za słabonośne podłoże obiektów budowlanych. Taka hipoteza dotyczy głównie młodych osadów holoceńskich, które charakteryzują się małymi wartościami parametrów wytrzymałościowych i dużą odkształcalnością w wyniku przykładanych obciążeń. Sedymentacja w interglacjale eemskim oraz historia geologiczna obciążeń warszawskich gytii i kredy jeziornej sprawiły, że grunty te zachowują się podobnie jak spoiste grunty mineralne. Na podstawie analizy kilkudziesięciu pomiarów z opracowań archiwalnych oraz własnych badań polowych i laboratoryjnych, przedstawiono analizę wybranych parametrów geotechnicznych. Zebrane dotychczas wyniki klasyfikują badane grunty z dala od typowych „słabych gruntów organicznych” i pozwalają wnioskować, że jako podłoże budowlane nie powinny być za takie uważane.

EN

Gyttja and lacustrine chalk are commonly considered as soft soils, inappropriate as a subsoil of buildings. This opinion concerns „young" Holocene sediments characterized by low values of strength parameters and large compressibility. The Eemian age and preconsolidation processes of Warsaw gyttja and lacustrine chalk caused that tested soils behave like mineral sediments. The analysis of selected geotechnical parameters presented in the paper is based on author's field investigations and laboratory tests supported by archival data from documentary works. The collected results locate calcareous sediments from "Żoliborz glacial tunnel valley" away from "soft" organic sediments and allow to treat them like "harder" subsoil for engineering constructions.

12

Evolution of an Eemian lake based on Cladocera analysis (Konin area, Central Poland)

Pawłowski D.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 4

441-450

EN

The succession of Cladocera assemblages in the Eemian Sławoszewek palaeolake (Central Poland) and the inferred environmental parameters are presented. The Cladocera assemblages provide a rich and relatively complete record of the Cladocera succession of the Eemian Interglacial, and are similar to those from other Eemian sites in Poland. The species composition and the variability in frequency of specimens of Cladocera made it possible to distinguish five zones of their development, which correlate well with pollen data. The Sławoszewek palaeolake existed from the early Eemian to the late Eemian Interglacial; at the end of the middle Eemian, the lake dried up temporarily. The cladoceran assemblages show that the initial shallow, oligotrophic status of the lake was followed by an increase to eutrophic status, especially during the interglacial optimum. Based on cladoceran composition, changes in climatic conditions in the mid-pollen zone E1, the late pollen zone E5 and in pollen zone E7, were recognized. It appears that cladoceran development was due mainly to climate changes, but also to changes in the locally prevailing conditions within the water body. The high frequency of cladocerans and the presence of cladoceran taxa preferring warmer water in mid-pollen zone E1 show an increase in temperature. The appearance of cold-tolerant Cladocera species at the end of pollen zone E5, suggests unfavourable conditions, probably cooling. Changes in Cladocera patterns in pollen zone E7 show that warm conditions still obtained in this area.

13

Eemian and Vistulian pollen sequence at Kubłowo (Central Poland): implications for the limit of the Last Glacial Maximum

Roman M., Balwierz Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 1

55-68

EN

The Kubłowo site is situated in the southeastern Kujawy region, Central Poland, and slightly to the south of the limit of the Last GlacialMaximum (LGM) in the Vistula Lobe. Late Pleistocene lacustrine and peat deposits found there have been analyzed for their pollen content. The pollen sequence from Kubłowo records the longest continuous succession of vegetation covering the Eemian Interglacial, Early Vistulian and the lower part of the Plenivistulian in Central Poland. In the Early Vistulian two warm (Brörup and Odderade) and two cool(Herning and Rederstall) intervals have been distinguished. The next three climatic oscillations correspond to the Schalkholtz andEbersdorf stadials and to the Oerel Interstadial. The lack of till or till residua above the Eemian-Vistulian deposits at Kubłowo indicatesthis area as being beyond the extent of the last Scandinavian ice sheet which confirms the reconstruction of the LGM limit as based ongeomorphological evidence.

14

Molluscs of the Eemian Interglacial in Poland

Alexandrowicz S. W., Alexandrowicz W. P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2010

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Vol. 80, No 1

69-87

EN

Shells of subfossil snails and bivalves commonly noted in deposits of the Eemian Interglacial were used by several authors as more or less important stratigraphic indicators. In Poland, they have been noted in 35 sections, 20 of which are described as basic ones. Molluscan assemblages found at these sites include 60 species of freshwater molluscs and 58 species of land snails, the former being dominant. Climatic tolerance of particular species is the main attribute deciding on their stratigraphic values. Cold-tolerant snails are typical of the preceding Late Glacial and some of them occur also in early phases of the interglacial, while species connected with moderate climate and warm-demanding ones characterise the middle part of the Eemian Interglacial. The freshwater snail Belgrandia marginata is typical of the climatic optimum of this interglacial. Particular species of molluscs were related to regional pollen assemblage zones of the Eemian Interglacial in Poland.

15

Bio- and lithostratigraphical investigations of eemian fluviolacustrine sediments and tills from the lower Peene valley (Ne Germany)

Meng S., Börner A., Strahl J., Thieke H. U.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2009

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Vol. 25

37-48

EN

Corresponding biostratigraphical and lithological evidences permit to conclude that the drilled Eemian sediment was formed predominantly in fluviolacustrine facies in stagnant river lakes. The mollusc faunas investigated, therefore, is also of supra-regional significance and contains many mollusc species of the interglacial fluviolacustrine type. The stratigraphical classification of the sands as of the Eemian Interglacial age can be confirmed, finally, by the presence of Theodoxus fluviatilis. Moreover, the findings of Marstoniopsis scholzi were unknown so far from the Pleistocene in Germany. A constant pollen composition suggests a very short time of sedimentation during the Eemian namely from pollen zone 4 (cf. Erd, 1973) up to the beginning of pollen zone 5. The increasing rates of amphibole show an initial interglacial weathering impact. The surrounding morainic plateaus are covered only by a single Weichselian till (Mecklenburgian phase, qW3), which in the lower Peene valley directly overlays the Eemian fluvial deposits. A till of the younger Saalian (Warthian, qS2) underlays the fluviatile Eemian sands and the lowest till is classified as the lower Saalian glaciation (Drenthian, qS1). The Eemian fluvial sediments in the modern lower Peene valley argue for the existence of a pre-Weichselian river valley.

PL

Badania biostratygraficzne i litologiczne wykazały, że odwiercone osady interglacjału eemskiego powstały w jeziorze przepływowym występującym w dolinie rzecznej. Przeanalizowana fauna mięczaków ma znaczenie ponadregionalne i zawiera wiele gatunków charakterystycznych dla interglacjalnych warunków rzeczno-jeziornych. Na korelację piasków z interglacjałem eemskim wskazuje obecność gatunku Theodoxus fluviatilis. Stwierdzono obecność Marstoniopsis scholzi, który dotychczas nie był znany z osadów plejstoceńskich w Niemczech. Mało zróżnicowane spektrum pyłkowe dowodzi szybkiej sedymentacji w interglacjale eemskim podczas 4. i na początku 5. poziomu pyłkowego (por. Erd, 1973). Zwiększająca się zawartość amfibolu w osadach wskazuje na wietrzenie w pierwszej części interglacjału. Otaczająca wysoczyzna polodowcowa jest pokryta jednym pokładem gliny lodowcowej (faza meklemburska, qW3), która w dolnym odcinku doliny Peene bezpośrednio przykrywa eemskie osady rzeczne. Glina lodowcowa młodszego stadiału zlodowacenia Soławy (Warthian, qS2) podściela eemskie piaski rzeczne, natomiast niżej występująca glina lodowcowa została zakwalifikowana do starszego stadiału zlodowacenia Soławy (Drenthian, qS1). Eemskie osady rzeczne współczesnego dolnego odcinka doliny Peene wskazują na istnienie doliny rzecznej starszej od ostatniego zlodowacenia.

16

Międzymorenowa formacja dolnopowiślańska na tle budowy osadów plejstoceńskich Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego i jej rozwój w młodszym plejstocenie

Makowska A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2009

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nr 437

59-123

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki wieloletnich badań międzymorenowej formacji dolnopowiślańskiej, rozciągającej się na obszarze Pomorza Nadwiślańskiego wzdłuż Doliny Dolnej Wisły, od Kotliny Toruńskiej po Zalew Wiślany. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie analiz profili wierceń kartograficzno-badawczych dla map geologicznych. Osady międzymorenowe powstawały w czasie od schyłku zlodowacenia warty, przez interglacjał eemski, po glacjalną część zlodowacenia toruńskiego. Leżą one na glinach zwałowych zlodowacenia warty i są przykryte glinami zwałowymi zlodowacenia toruńskiego (starszego z dwóch zlodowaceń wisły). W składzie formacji wyróżniono wiele kompleksów litologiczno-genetycznych, obejmujących osady jezior peryglacjalnych, zastoiskowych, dolinne oraz deltowe osady rzeczne i jeziorne, a także osady morskie poziomu tychnowskiego. Litologię oraz genezę formacji przedstawiono na tle starszych i młodszych od niej osadów plejstoceńskich. Omówiono także rozwój procesów paleogeograficznych w czasie sedymentacji osadów formacji dolnopowiślańskiej.

EN

The paper presents the results of many-years' studies on the intermorainic Lower Vistula Formation that extends in Vistula Pomerania along the Lower Vistula river valley from the Toruń Valley to Vistula Lagoon. The researches were based on data from mapping-exploratory boreholes drilled for the construction of geological maps. The intermorainic deposits accumulated from the end-Wartanian Glaciation through the Eemian Interglacial to the glacial part of the Torunian Glaciation. They overlie Wartanian tills and are overlain by tills of the Torunian Glaciation (the older one of the two Vistulian glaciations). The formation includes a number of lithological-genetic complexes comprising deposits of periglacial and ice-dammed lakes, fluvial and lacustrine deposits on deltas, as well as marine deposits of the Tychnowy horizon. The lithology and origin of the formation is presented against the background of older and younger Pleistocene deposits. Development of palaeogeographical processes during deposition of the Lower Vistula Formation is also discussed.

17

Zbiorniki jeziorne okolic Kalisza w świetle analizy pyłkowej (Nizina Wielkopolska)

Malkiewicz M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 428

55-63

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań palinologicznych osadów jeziornych i torfów z okolic Kalisza. Analizie pyłkowej poddano dwa profile W44 i W48 z Grudzielca Nowego oraz profil z Gutowa. Diagramy pyłkowe przedstawiają sukcesję roślinności charakterystyczną dla schyłku zlodowacenia warty, interglacjału eemskiego i wczesnego glacjału zlodowacenia wisły. Wyniki badań porównano z wcześniej uzyskanymi danymi z sąsiednich stanowisk: Grudzielec Nowy, Bieganin, Kwiatków Las i Gałązki Wielkie. We wszystkich zbiornikach miała miejsce sedentacja torfów na przemian z akumulacją mułków mineralnych i organicznych o różnej miąższości. Badania palinologiczne pozwoliły stwierdzić, że sedymentacja osadów w badanych zbiornikach rozpoczęła się prawie jednocześnie i miała prawie ten sam przebieg, lecz zakończyła się w różnych odcinkach plejstocenu.

EN

The paper presents the results of palynological investigations of lacustrine deposits from the W44, W48 sections at Grudzielec Nowy, and from Gutów near Kalisz. The vegetation succession is characteristic of the Eemian Interglacial with protocratic, mesocratic and thelocratic phases. In the Gutów section, Wartanian Glaciation and Vistulian Glaciation sediments occur above the interglacial deposits. The results were compared with earlier data from nearby localities of Grudzielec Nowy, Bieganin, Kwiatków Las and Gałązki Wielkie. Two types of the Eemian lake basins existed in the Kalisz Upland. At Grudzielec Nowy and Bieganin, they formed in a subglacial trough dated for the Wartanian Glaciation. At Kwiatków Las, Gałązki Wielkie and Gutów, those were closed basins developed from melting of dead-ice blocks. Deposition of peats and organic and mineral silts of different thicknesses occurred in all the lakes. Palynological investigations proved that the deposition started almost at the same time - at the beginning of the Eemian Interglacial, but it finished during different Pleistocene phases.

18

Nowe spojrzenie na stratygrafię osadów jeziornych i lodowcowych neoplejstocenu na terenie Piły

Kuszell T., Malkiewicz M., Bartczak E., Dobosz T.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 428

23-34

PL

Przedmiotem badań geologicznych, petrograficznych i palinologicznych był profil osadów organicznych i mineralnych z Piły. W opracowaniu przedstawiono, metodą analizy pyłkowej, rozwój roślinności podczas interglacjału eemskiego oraz stratygrafię glin glacjalnych towarzyszących osadom jeziornym w profilu Pił/2. Utwory torfowe i mułki organiczne odzwierciedlają pełny obraz zbiorowisk roślinnych i warunków klimatycznych w czasie tego interglacjału. W osadach jeziornych wyróżniono sześć regionalnych poziomów pyłkowych (E 1 i E 3-E 7). Badania litologiczne i petrograficzne pozwoliły wyróżnić w tym profilu dwie gliny glacjalne. Poniżej osadów interglacjału eemskiego występuje glina ze zlodowacenia Warty, natomiast powyżej glina ze zlodowacenia Wisły.

EN

A section of organic and mineral sediments at Piła was studied by means of geological, petrographical and palynological methods. The present paper presents a reconstruction of the development of vegetation during the Eemian Interglacial, as revealed by pollen analyses of lacustrine deposits in the Pił/2 section. It also discusses stratigraphic problems of the adjacent glacial deposits in the Piła area. The peat and organic silt sediments show a complete sequence of plant communities and climatic changes during the Eemian Interglacial. Six regional pollen assemblage zones (E 1 and E 3-E 7) have been distinguished. Litho-petrographical studies allowed us to recognise two glacial tills in the section considered. The Eemian Interglacial sediments are underlain by till representing the Wartanian Glaciation, and overlain by a Vistulian Glaciation till.

19

Multidyscyplinarne badania osadów eemskich i wczesnovistuliańskich z profilu Rzecino (Wysoczyzna Łobeska, Pojezierze Zachodniopomorskie)

Winter H., Dobracka E., Ciszek D.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2008

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nr 428

93-109

PL

Seria osadów jeziorno-rzecznych z profilu Rzecino (Wysoczyzna Łobeska, Pojezierze Zachodniopomorskie) została zbadana metodą analizy pyłkowej oraz analizy podatności magnetycznej i uziarnienia. Sukcesja pyłkowa wskazuje, że badane osady należą do interglacjału eemskiego i wczesnej części zlodowacenia wisły. Sekwencja eemska ma przebieg podobny do innych sukcesji tego wieku znanych z obszaru Polski. Inaczej jest wyrażona granica interglacjał eemski/zlodowacenie wisły, charakteryzująca się wysokim udziałem pyłku Calluna vulgaris i Ericaceae. Zmiany roślinności zapisane w diagramie pyłkowym związane ze zmianami klimatycznymi zostały potwierdzone przez zmiany podatności magnetycznej.

EN

A series of lacustrine-fluvial sediments from the Rzecino section (Łobez Upland, Western Pomerania Lakeland) were investigated by pollen studies and magnetic susceptibility and granulometric analyses. The pollen succession indicates Eemian and early Vistulian age of the sediments. The Eemian sequence shows a similar vegetational pattern characteristic of other sections from Poland. The Eem/Vistulian transition differs from a classic boundary between the Eemian Interglacial and the Vistulian Glaciation in Poland. The expansion of Calluna vulgaris associated with Ericaceae signals the beginning of the Vistulian Glaciation. The vegetation changes recorded in the pollen diagram, reflecting climatic fluctuations, have been confirmed by magnetic susceptibility variations.

20

Early Vistulian climate oscillations in the light of pollen analysis of deposits from Dziadowa Kłoda (Silesian Lowland, Poland)

Kuszell T., Chmal R., Słychan K.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 3

319-328

EN

The stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Quaternary deposits under lying the Oleoenica Plain were investigated during mapping of the Syców sheet of the De tailed Geo logical Map of Poland on the scale of 1:50 000. The Oleoenica Plain is part of the southern foreland of the Trzebnica Ridge, the latter representing a frontal moraine of the South and Middle Polish Glaciations. Neopleistocene deposits found at the Dziadowa Kłoda site were analyzed for their pollen content. These lacus trine to swamp deposits represent a continuous and undisturbed sequence spanning the Eemian Interglacial to Brörup Interstadial interval. The Early Vistulian deposits have been the subject of detailed palynological investigations. The reconstructed pattern of vegetation changes has allowed a precise determination of the upper boundary of the last interglacial as well as the recognition of stadial-interstadial horizons. Three climatic oscillations have been noted, corresponding to the Herning and Rederstallstadials and the Brörup Interstadial. In the climatic optimum of the interstadial, dense boreal pine-birch forests accompanied by a minor admixture of alder and spruce were predominant. Cold stadials were dominated by open vegetation with tundra and steppe elements.The pollen sequence from Dziadowa Kłoda is the first site on the Silesian Lowland that shows the first fully developed Early Vistulian warm oscillation that correlates with the Brörup Interstadial. A distinctive feature of this site is a long, continuous pollen sequence of the Eemian passing into deposits of the Vistulian Glaciation in the same profile.