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Przebieg i korelacja sukcesji pyłkowych późnego plejstocenu na terenie Polski i Białorusi

Granoszewski W., Winter H., Rylova T. B., Savcenko I. E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 11

605–-614

EN

The most representative and long Late Pleistocene pollen sequences covering the late glacial of the penultimate glaciation (Warta/Pripiat), the last interglacial (Eemian/Muravian) and the early glacial of the Last Glaciation (Vistulian/Poozerie) from the territory of Poland and Belarus have been correlated. The resemblance ofpollen spectra in these pollen sequences and a parallel succession of Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones in the considered time intervals suggest that the natural environment of Poland and Belarus underwent synchronous changes under unidirectional climatic transformations. Qualitative and quantitative features of the Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones show similarities and differences in vegetation and climate changes in the study area. A comparison of the pollen spectra from Poland and Belarus suggests that both territories were affected by a similar climate particularly during the cold intervals. Some differences between the compositions of the pollen spectra were noticed as concerns the interglacial period. For instance, Abies and Taxus pollen as well as significantly high percentages of Calluna vulgaris pollen in NE Poland towards the end of the period are present only in the Polish sections. This may suggest a more Atlantic type of the climate during the Last Interglacial in Poland than in Belarus.

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Evolution of an Eemian lake based on Cladocera analysis (Konin area, Central Poland)

Pawłowski D.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 4

441-450

EN

The succession of Cladocera assemblages in the Eemian Sławoszewek palaeolake (Central Poland) and the inferred environmental parameters are presented. The Cladocera assemblages provide a rich and relatively complete record of the Cladocera succession of the Eemian Interglacial, and are similar to those from other Eemian sites in Poland. The species composition and the variability in frequency of specimens of Cladocera made it possible to distinguish five zones of their development, which correlate well with pollen data. The Sławoszewek palaeolake existed from the early Eemian to the late Eemian Interglacial; at the end of the middle Eemian, the lake dried up temporarily. The cladoceran assemblages show that the initial shallow, oligotrophic status of the lake was followed by an increase to eutrophic status, especially during the interglacial optimum. Based on cladoceran composition, changes in climatic conditions in the mid-pollen zone E1, the late pollen zone E5 and in pollen zone E7, were recognized. It appears that cladoceran development was due mainly to climate changes, but also to changes in the locally prevailing conditions within the water body. The high frequency of cladocerans and the presence of cladoceran taxa preferring warmer water in mid-pollen zone E1 show an increase in temperature. The appearance of cold-tolerant Cladocera species at the end of pollen zone E5, suggests unfavourable conditions, probably cooling. Changes in Cladocera patterns in pollen zone E7 show that warm conditions still obtained in this area.

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Reinvestigation of the interglacial pollen flora at Zbójno, Central Poland

Binka K.

Studia Quaternaria

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2010

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Vol. 27

35-41

EN

The interglacial deposits at Zbójno near Radoszyce (central Poland) was drilled again and reinvestigated by means of pollen analysis. The pollen succession, partly recorded in subaerial sediments with many stratigraphic gaps, treated hitherto as the stratotype of Zbójnian interglacial, does not seem to differ from the Eemian sequence, and may actually be of the Eemian age. This strongly suggests that the term "Zbójno" should be removed from the Polish Pleistocene stratigraphy.

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Eemian and Vistulian pollen records from the Łomża region (NE Poland)

Bińka K., Ber A., Bałuk A.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 4

437-446

EN

In the Łomża region, northeastern Poland, many new lacustrine and peat deposits have been found. Pollen analysis of borehole material shows that they accumulated mostly during the Eemian Interglacial. Parts of these sites were active in the Vistulian, probably in its early phases. The sites analysed usually represent small lakes or peat-bogs sediment with accumulating in different time intervals of the Eemian. Only exceptionally they are represented by deep-water facies with a decrease in water level not before the hornbeam zone, as seen at many Eemian sites in Poland. Especially interesting is the occurrence in the pollen spectra of a number of exotic taxa such as Viburnum lantana, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Falcaria vulgaris, Lycopodium lucidulum t. noted previously in the Eemian Interglacial mainly in the south and in the southeastern Poland, where milder climatic conditions prevailed. The analysed interglacial spectra also show signs of plant—animal interaction. Such signs have been observed in Holocene and Vistulian strata, although in other pollen taxa. Pollen affected by these processes may come to resemble other species and so be misidentified.

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Dynamics of vegetation at the late pleistocene glacial/interglacial transition (new data from the center of the east European Plain)

Novenko E. Yu., Velicho A. A., Suganova E. S., Junge F. W,., Boettger T.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2005

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Vol. 16

77--82

EN

The organic sediments at the Cheremoshnik site (the centre of the East European Plain) have been reinvestigated by pollen and macrofossil analysis in order to gather more detailed information on vegetation dynamics during the Late Pleistocene Glacial/Interglacial transition (boundary between OIS 6 and OIS 5e). Two phases of vegetation can be determined: an earlier forest substage ("warm") and a later ("cold") substage, when the forest communities were reduced in their area. There are probably some similar features between the succession of vegetation at the end of Dnieper (Saale) cold epoch and during the Valdai (Weichselian) Late Glacial (Alleröd and Younger Dryas).

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Najpełniejszy w Polsce kompleks młodoplejstoceński (eem i vistulian) na dolnym Powiślu i Wzniesieniu Elbląskim

Makowska A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 9

887--894

EN

The Upper Pleistocene sedimentary complex of the Lower Vistula Region (Lower Powiśle) and the Elbląg Elevation was deposited from the beginning of the Eemian Interglacial to the late Vistulian. The sediments fill an elongated depression formed due to pre-Quarternary processes. The maximum thickness of strata reaches 200 m. They consist of six basic units including three major levels of tills: Toruń (BII), Świecie (BIII) and Leszno-Poznań (BIV) and three levels with intramoraine deposits: the lowest - Lower Powiśle (DP), middle one - Gniew (Gn) and the upper- Grudziądz (Gr). The Lower Powioele Formation consists of marine and terrestrial deposits. In the south, these are tripartite (EI, EII, EIII) valley sediments filling a well-developed network of ancient river valleys. In the north, besides the fluvial sediments, there are also two marine strata: Sztum (Sz) and Tychnowy (Ty). The middle river valley series and the Tychnovy marine layer were formed during the Eeemian. They are the main stratigraphic index zone in the area. The overlying strata were formed during the Vistulian. The latter has been subdivided into two glaciations (Toruń and Vistula) separated with Krastudy Interglacial, because of analysis of major lithostratigraphic zones and multiple layers of marine sediments within the middle intramoraine formation (Gniew Fm.). The exact dating of the strata is still debatable and prone to verification.

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The Late Saalian, Eemian and Early Vistulian pollen sequence at Dziewule, eastern Poland

Bińka K., Nitychoruk J.

Geological Quarterly

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2003

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Vol. 47, No 2

155-168

EN

A relatively undisturbed pollen sequence from the Late Saalian–Eemian–Early Vistulian interval has been discovered in Dziewule in the Podlasie region, eastern Poland. Geological and palynological investigations are used to illustrate the evolution of Eemian climate, which, at this site, shows no large-scale and abrupt oscillations. Almost full interglacial conditions are already present from the early part of the sequence (the end of the boreal Betula–Pinus Zone). Thermophilous indicator plants (e.g. Viburnum lantana, Cornus mas, Cotinus coggygria—newly found in the Eemian of Poland) show their maximum occurrence in the second half of the Quercus Zone and in the Corylus Zone, marking the climatic optimum of the interglacial. We found no signs of substantial climate fluctuations in the Carpinus Zone suggested by some authors.

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Diatom record of northeast Atlantic circulation changes in marine isotope stages 1 and 5

Witak M., Kuijpers A.

Oceanological Studies

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2001

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Vol. 30, No. 1-2

21--36

EN

Fossil and subfossil diatom floras were analysed in a sediment core taken near the outlet of the Faroe Bank Channel, NE Atlantic. Diatom preservation horizons were found at various levels in the core. The correlation with the oxygen isotope stratigraphy of the core indicates that these horizons correspond to the Marine Oxygen Isotope Sub-Stages 5e (Eemian), 5a and Stage 1 (Holocene). Results of the study show that environmental conditions for the development of diatoms were more favourable in Stage 5 than in the Holocene. At the very beginning of the Sub-Stages 5e and 5a distinct changes in the diatom concentration are indicative of circulation changes probably associated with a marked intensification of the North Atlantic Current. The highest surface water temperature is indicated by the diatom flora from early Sub-Stage 5e.