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Echinoids and pectinid bivalves from the Early Miocene Mishan Formation of Iran

Kroh A., Gholamalian H., Mandic O., Ćorić S., Harzhauser M., Reuter M., Piller W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 4

419-439

EN

Shallow marine echinoids and pectinid bivalves from the Early Miocene Guri Member of the Mishan Formation cropping out at the Gery Sheikh section north of Bandar Pohl in the area of the Hormuz Strait, Iran, are reported. The echinoid fauna indicates a Burdigalian age for the Guri Member. This is supported by new calcareous nannoplankton data from this unit, which suggest an age from Aquitanian to middle Burdigalian (NN1-NN3). From a palaeobiogeographic point of view the fauna of the Guri Member is related to the faunas from central Saudi Arabia, southeast Pakistan and northwest India. The absence of Western Tethyan elements supports earlier data suggesting that a faunal separation between Proto-Mediterranean and Proto-Indian Ocean faunas was well developed before the terminal Tethyan Event. The echinoids Fibularia damensis Kier, 1972 and Anisaster arabica Kier, 1972 are new records for Iran, having been known before solely from Saudi Arabia. Brissus daviesi Jain, 2002 is transferred to Rhynobrissus based on the characters of its fascioles, petalodium and plas tron; this constituting the first fossil record of the genus.

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The phymosomatid echinoid Trochalosoma taeniatum from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southeast Poland

Jagt J., Kin A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

429-435

EN

The phymosomatid Trochalosoma taeniatum (von Hagenow, 1840) is recorded for the first time from upper Maastrichtian strata exposed at Piotrowice, near Lublin, southeast Poland. Although fragmentary, the single, moderately preserved test is of note in representing one of the larger individuals of this species on record (estimated diameter > 60 mm), and in displaying crenulate ambulacral and interambulacral tubercles, at least adapically. Previous records of T. taeniatum include the lower and upper Maastrichtian of Denmark, northern Germany (Rugen), Alava (northern Spain) and Mangyshlak (Kazakhstan). Trochalosoma corneti (Cotteau, 1875), from the upper Maastrichtian of southern and northeast Belgium (Mons and Liege basins, respectively) and the southeast Netherlands (type area of the Maastrichtian Stage), synonymised by some authors with T. taeniatum, is considered to be distinct.

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Chromo-stereoscopy as a tool in micropalaeontological investigations : echinoderms as a case study

Boczarowski A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 124

21-35

EN

An anaglyph technique, as a variety of chromo-stereoscopy, is presented and adapted for the investigation purpose. This method allows perfect documentation of 3-dimensional objects, including all types of 3D micro/fossils. Anaglyphs are especially recommended for describing type collections and make them available worldwide. The methods of stereogram preparation by means of a scanning electron microscope and adaptation of the technique to micropalaeontology are described. This useful technique is tested on SEM images of complex echinoid structures (organs) called pedicellariae. The obtained stereograms document their anatomy and help identification of the fossil material as well as their comparison to Recent specimens. Numerous echinoid pedicellariae from Bajocian and Bathonian deposits of the ore-bearing clays of the Częstochowa formation have been analysed. Two separate methods of anaglyph image preparation are described (for RGB and grayscale image mode). The samples come from several brickyards located in the area of the Kraków-Często- chowa Upland, Central Poland. Pedicellariae are represented by globiferous and ophicephalous types. It has been proved that Jurassic echinoids already had very well developed defence strategies, which applied pedicellariae, quite often equipped with a venom-bearing system similar to the one in Recent specimens. Large morphological similarity of the investigated Jurassic specimens to the Recent representatives of the Parechinidae family, especially to the genus Paracentrotus Mortensen has been proved. However, no representatives of this type of echinoid have been found in Jurassic sediments so far.

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A monographs of the Polish Oxfordian echinoids. Part 1, Subclass Cidaroidea CLAUS, 1880

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2003

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Vol. 53, nr 2

143-165

EN

Cidaroid echinoids (subclass Cidaroidea CLAUS, 1880) from the Oxfordian part of a more than 1 km thick Upper Jurassic carbonate sequence developed over epicontinental areas of Poland (Polish Jura, Holy Cross Mountains, Mid-Polish Anticlinorium) are assigned to 133 taxa of the genera Rhabdocidaris DESOR, 1855, Polycidaris QUENSTEDT,1858, Plegiocidaris POMEL, 18833, and Paracidaris POMEL, 1883. Their taxonomy is revised and discussed with a special emphasis on establishing the relationship between species based on bare tests and isolated spines. As former attempts to combine these elements, and to accommodate them into parrticular genera, have resulted in a very confused taxonomy of almost all of the species studied, the synonymies of the Polish species are revised. This offers a new insigth into content of the genus Paracidaris POMEL, 1883, to which the species Paracidaris blumenbachi (MUNSTER in GOLDFUSS, 1826), P. elegans (MUNSTERR in GOLDFUSS, 1826) P.florigemma (PHILLIPS, 1829), P. laeviscula (L.AGASSIZ, 1840), P.propinqua (MUNSTER in GOLDFUSS, 1826) are assigned, and whose relation to the often-confused species Paracidaris parandieri (L. AGASSIZ, 1840) and P.filograna (L.AGASSIZ, 1840) is discussed. The distinction is clarified between the species Plegiocidaris monilifera (GOLDFUSS, 1826) and Plegiocidaris coronata (GOLDFUSS, 1826) whose topotypic material from Staffelstein in Franconia (Germany) is analyzed.

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Lower Kimmeridgian echinoids of Poland

Radwańska U.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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1999

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Vol. 49, no. 4

287-364

EN

A rich assemblage of echinoids, primarily regular ones, is reported from the Lower Kimmeridgian part of an over 1km thick Upper Jurassic carbonate sequence, developed over cratonic (epicontinental) areas of Poland (Holy Cross Mountains in Central Poland, and Western Pomerania in NW Poland). The echinoids, either underestimated or even overlooked in the former literature, appear to be significant components of ubiquitos organic assemblages contained in various deposits of the bahamite type of facies. The most diversified taxonomically are the echinoids from Ma?ogoszcz in the Holy Cross Mountains (22 species, of which 4 dominate: Rhabdocidaris orbignyana, Hemicidaris intermedia, Gymnocidaris agassizi, Holectypus corallinus). The richest numerrically is the collection from Czarnog?owy in Western Pomerania (13 species, of which only 2 dominate: Hemicidaris hoffmanni and Nucleolites letteroni). The systematically accounted forms, totalling over 2000 specimens, represent 31 species of 20 regular genera, and 10 species of 5 irregular genera. Of these, four species are new to science, viz. Pseudosalenia malogostiana sp.n., Pseudocidaris sanctacrucensis sp.n., Trochotiara kongieli sp. n., and T. suleiovense sp. n. The well preserved specimens, although usually devoid of spines and apical plates, display the SEM-recognizable features of the tests (i.a. pore-pairs morphology, tubercle arrangement) substantial for a functional analysis of 14 more commonly occurring species. This analysis stimulated a paleobiologic interpretation focused on the behavioral and environmental (very shallow up to subtidal) conditions under which the studied echinoids lived and were buried i.a. by such catastrophic events as storm-induced and mass-movent deposition. A separate, short section of the paper concerns the grazing traces of regular echinoids [classified in ichnology as Gnathichnus pentax BROMLEY, 1975], caused by browsing the epibionts, and preserved in the studied sequence on various organic (shelly) substrates, the other echinoid tests including.