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Development of the public infrastructure of EV charging stations in Poland

Pawłowski Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

563--573

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the development of the public EV charging station infrastructure in Poland, at the same time attempting to identify any dysfunctional areas of the process. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis of the domestic and foreign research outputs regarding the importance and development of public charging station infrastructures. An analysis of secondary data derived from statistics reports which show the level of development of the public charging station infrastructure in Poland in the 2019-2022 period. Findings: Based on the completed research it was found that the development of the public charging station infrastructure in Poland was quite dynamic. Nevertheless, an in-depth analysis of this direction of development makes it possible to identify potential problems and imperfections of that process. The most significant and accentuated problems include: (1) the disproportionately lower growth rate of the number of public charging stations in relation to the vehicle fleet electrification rate; (2) the dominating share of AC charging stations in the public charging station infrastructure, which offer a lower power level translating into longer vehicle charging times; (3) the uneven spatial distribution of the public charging station infrastructure. Practical implications: Being aware of the direction of development of the public charging station infrastructure is extremely important when it comes to formulating and implementing subsequent investment projects and business models on the market. Originality/value: Public charging station infrastructures - due to the relatively short history of operation - constitute a relatively new object of studies in economic sciences.

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Reliable energy supply and voltage control for hybrid microgrid by PID controlled with integrating of an EV charging station

Nasri Elmehdi, Jarou Tarik, Benchikh Salma, El Koudia Younes

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 4

art. no. 2023409

EN

The integration of an electric vehicle (EV) charging station into the DC-microgrid requires management control of the energy supply and the voltage variation. The hybrid energy sources of the microgrid consist of battery storage, wind energy, and photovoltaic (PV) energy sources. To optimize power generation from renewable energy sources such as wind and PV, the source-side converters (SSCs) are regulated by the leading edge intelligent PID technique. This strategy enhances the quality of power delivered to the DC-microgrid. The microgrid comprises AC/DC loads, battery storage, EV charging stations, backup power from the main grid, and renewable energy supplies comprising wind and solar energy. The proposed control system relies on monitoring the state of charge of the battery and utilizing renewable energy sources to supply loads efficiently. The final results of the simulation obtained from the simulation software MATLAB and Simulink are used to validate the effectiveness of the suggested energy control technique, which performs well in terms of accurate control and maintaining a stable energy supply even under various load and weather conditions.

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Prospects for the development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland in the light of the regulations in force

Sendek-Matysiak Ewelina, Pyza Dariusz

Archives of Transport

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2021

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Vol. 57, iss. 1

43--58

EN

The Polish electric mobility market, presently at a relatively early development stage, cannot compete with traditional means of transport in relation to the number of locations enabling drivers to “refuel” their vehicles. Simultaneously, ex-tension of the network of publicly available EV charging stations constitutes a vital prerequisite for electric vehicle industry development. The feeling of range anxiety connected with limited access to suitable EV charging outlets, in particular during longer trips, discourages potential buyers from purchasing electric vehicles, and, as a result, limited demand hinders development of this industry. In January 2018, the Polish Parliament (the Sejm) passed the Act on electromobility and alternative fuels which establishes a certain system and provides a number of objectives vital for electric vehicle market development. Being aware of the fact that, at least for the first few years, infrastructure development is a key factor, the legislator, in Art. 60, section 1 of the Act, establishes a minimum number of EV charging outlets to be installed in Polish communes, by 31 December 2020. However, no detailed guidelines as to their location were given. It only indicates a minimum number of them, which should be established in communes with a given demographic and transport characteristics of the commune i.e. the number of inhabitants and motor vehicles and the number of cars per 1000 inhabitants of the commune. The purpose of this article is to indicate in which, specifically, municipalities, according to the act, electric vehicles charging outlets are to be located. Based on the analysis performed it was determined that publicly available EV charging outlets must be installed only in 32 of 2477 communes in Poland and these are municipalities. Identification of such communes made it possible to determine the distances between them, which made it possible to verify whether the network of EV charging infrastructure planned on the basis of the guidelines in the Act will enable efficient route travel in the future without experiencing any range anxiety. In addition, the existing market conditions were presented and discussed, with an indication of whether they are conducive to meeting the minimum set in the Act regarding the number of charging points. The conducted analysis is an introduction to further research on determining the optimal distribution of charging outlet in Poland.

4

Przegląd technologii ładowania baterii pojazdów elektrycznych. Cz. 1., Standardy ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych i przegląd topologii stacji ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych

Żurek-Mortka Marta

Elektro Info

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2020

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nr 3

76--78

PL

Czas ładowania baterii pojazdów elektrycznych jest wciąż poważnym problemem wpływającym na rozwój elektryfikacji transportu. Aby było możliwe całkowite zastąpienie tradycyjnych stacji, konieczna jest budowa stacji szybkiego ładowania o mocy wynoszącej ponad 1 MW. W tym przypadku kluczową rolę odgrywa topologia stacji ładowania oraz zastosowana strategia ładowania baterii pojazdu elektrycznego. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia rozwiązania technologii ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych wraz z przeglądem stosowanych strategii ładowania baterii. Prezentowane są wybrane topologie stacji ładowania różniące się ze względu na zastosowane przekształtniki i źródła energii.

EN

The charging time of electric vehicle batteries is still the serious problem affecting the development of transport electrification. In order to completely replace traditional stations, it is necessary to build a fast charging station with a power of over 1MW. In this case, the topology of the charging station and the strategy of charging the electric vehicle battery is a key issue. This article presents solutions for charging electric vehicles along with an overview of used battery charging strategies. Selected topology of charging stations are presented that differ depending on the converters and energy sources.

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Ładowanie autobusów elektrycznych a miejski system elektroenergetyczny

Biczel Piotr, Sosnowski Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2019

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Nr 63

31--34

PL

W artykule omówione zostały zagadnienia związane z oddziaływaniem układów ładowania autobusów elektrycznych na warszawski system elektroenergetyczny jak również dokonano próby analizy zastosowania układów zasobników energii celem minimalizacji oddziaływania tych układów na sieć. Na bazie rzeczywistych pomiarów stacji ładowania autobusów jak również symulacji dokonana została próba oceny potencjalnych skutków wprowadzenia znacznej liczby stacji ładowania autobusów na miejski system energetyczny Dodatkowo, z uwagi na ograniczenia przestrzenne i techniczne, autorzy dokonali próby oceny zasadności implementacji magazynów energii w stacjach SN/nN zasilających układy ładowania.

EN

This paper presents issues related to the impact of electric bus charging systems on the distribution power system as well as the analysis of the use of energy storage systems to minimize the impact of these systems on the network. On the basis of real measurements of bus charging stations as well as simulations, an attempt was made to assess the potential effects of introducing a significant number of bus charging stations for the distribution power system. Additionally, due to spatial and technical limitations, the authors will analyze the reasonableness of the implementation of energy storage in MV/LV stations.

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Problematyka przyłączania do sieci dystrybucyjnej stacji ładowania autobusów elektrycznych

Kłos Mariusz, Zagrajek Krzysztof, Biczel Piotr, Sosnowski Łukasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

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R. 95, nr 1

177--181

PL

W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z przyłączaniem nowych punktów ładowania autobusów elektrycznych, wyzwań stawianym operatorom systemów dystrybucyjnych, a także oddziaływaniem układów ładowania autobusów elektrycznych na system elektroenergetyczny w kontekście zwiększonego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną i jakości energii.

EN

This paper presents issues related to the connection of new charging points for electric buses, challenges faced by distribution system operators, as well as the impact of electric bus charging systems on the power system in the context of increased demand for electric energy and energy quality.