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Computer modelling of energy absorbing capability of bus superstructure for rollover safety

Nurhadi I., Zain R., Mihradi S., Soe Oo K.

Journal of KONES

2011

Vol. 18, No. 2

331-338

This paper describes further investigations that have been carried out to make the proposed procedure [5] becomes more reliable to be practically applied as a requirement in bus type approval. One important aspect highlighted in this paper is an effort to improve the accuracy of the FEA model by taking into account detailed construction of bus superstructure. It worth to note that, based on survey carried out on several bus manufacturers, the detailed construction may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. As a case study, a bus superstructure from a prominent manufacturer was chosen as a sample. Energy absorbing capacity of a bus superstructure section consisting of four bays including rear entrance door, emergency door and rear end was investigated through elastic-plastic finite element model. Incremental quasy static load according to ECE R66 was applied, subsequently to the right and left cantrail to obtain load deflection curve. Then the energy absorbing capacity of the structure when residual space limit was reached was evaluated through derived energy deflection curve. Essential components of the bus superstructure governing its energy absorbing capacity will be discussed. Modeling strategy in dealing with elastic-plastic analysis for such a rather complex structure is also highlighted.

Development of computer based procedure for quantitative evaluation of bus superstructure in type approval

Nurhadi I., Zain R.

Journal of KONES

2010

Vol. 17, No. 2

371-378

This paper deals with development of a computer simulation procedure, as a substitute for physical rollover test, to evaluate bus body structure crashworthiness. It is expected that, when completed, this procedure can be proposed to the authority to enhance its current type approval procedure related to crashworthiness which is merely based on qualitative and empirical field experiences without performing real rollover test. This procedure will enable afirmer base for judging the crashworthiness of bus structure. The proposed computer simulation procedure is being developed based on ECE R66 which allows partial bus body structure to be physically tested. In this case, sections of bus super structure built up from at least two bays are used to represent the whole structure. A finite element method computer program capable of dealing with elastic plastic calculation is employed to calculate deflection of a bay structure under incremental quasi-static loading until residual space limit is reached. From the obtained force-deflection curve, the strain energy absorption capacity of the structure will be evaluated if it is large enough to absorb potential energy resulting from rollover test. A bus body superstructure sample from a representative domestic bus manufacturer is used as test cases.