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Currents induced by standard movements in a 3T static magnetic field

Valbonesi S., Barbiroli M., Frullone M., Papotti E., Vanore A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 7b

145-147

EN

MRI magnets generates strong and uniform magnetic fields within the field of view, but spatial field gradients are present outside this central region, and as consequence people moving within magnet room experience time-varying magnetic field inducing electric fields and currents in tissues. Aim of this study is the assessment, through direct static field measurements and model based calculations, of induced currents at trunk and head as effect of translating or rotational body movement within the magnet room.

PL

Urządzenie do rezonansu magnetycznego generuje bardzo silne stałe pole magnetyczne w polu obserwacji ale gradient przestrzenny pola istnieje na zewnątrz pola obserwacji. Konsekwencją tego jest narażenie osób poruszających się w wewnątrz pomieszczenia na ekspozycję w polu elektromagnetycznym, co skutkuje indukowaniem się pola elektrycznego i prądów w ich tkankach. Celem artykułu jest oszacowanie poprzez pomiary stałego pola magnetycznego oraz symulację komputerową wartości prądów indukowanych w tułowie i głowie osób poruszających się w pomieszczeniu.

2

Occupational Exposure to Base Stations—Compliance With EU Directive 2004/40/EC

Gajsek P., Simunic D.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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Vol. 12, No. 2

187--194

EN

The rapid growth of mobile communications has not only led to a rising number of mobile telephones. It has also made base stations essential for services widespread on many roofs. However, not everyone is aware that working close to sources of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF), such as transmitter antennas for mobile phones, pagers and police, fire and other emergency services, can result in high EMF exposure. This paper deals with measurements and calculations of the compliance boundary for workers in one typical roof top base station setting according to EU Directive and other relevant EN standards.

3

Magnetic Fields of Induction Heaters in the Framework of Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council

Decat G., Deckx L., Meynen G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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Vol. 12, No. 2

169--176

EN

The spectrum and the polarization of the magnetic flux density (B-field) of 6 induction heaters and 1 arc oven were measured by means of a PMM (Italy) spectrum analyser. The spectrum analysis showed that no substantial harmonics were observed while the polarization analysis revealed that the operator’s exposure was non-homogeneous within a distance of 1.5 m from the heater. When the distance was larger, the body was homogeneously exposed. In general we can state that the B-field strongly varied between heaters and that exposure exceeded the occupational reference levels recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (1998) and European Directive 2004/40/EC in 5 of the 7 heaters. Within the framework of the Directive some protection actions should be taken. Whereas mitigation of existing/old induction ovens is difficult, the design of new induction heaters and their housing should be based, among others, on electromagnetic reducing engineering concepts.

4

Application of EMF Emission Measurement Techniques to Wireless Communications Systems for Compliance With Directive 2004/40/EC

Simunic D., Gajsek P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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Vol. 12, No. 2

177--186

EN

Europe is the only region in the world with common legislative acts regulating exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) for both the general public and workers. Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC deals with the limitation of exposure of the general public to EMF (0 Hz—300 GHz). Directive 2004/40/EC regulates the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from EMF. This paper discusses the general application of existing standards and recommendations in measurement techniques for determining compliance of measured exposure limit values and action values with those defined in 2004/40/EC.