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The use of drones in the war in Ukraine and changes in legal regulations

Czerwiński Maciej, Balcerzak Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

2024

Nr 91 (tom 2)

63--79

The conflict in Ukraine is characterised by extensive use of unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as drones, by various parties involved in the conflict. This article examines the evolving landscape of drone warfare in the context of the war in Ukraine and the corresponding changes in legal regulations governing their use. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of existing literature, legal documents and news reports, this study explores the historical development of drone technology, its utilization in military operations and its specific application within the Ukrainian conflict. It analyses legal frameworks governing drone warfare, including international humanitarian law (IHL), international human rights law (IHRL) and domestic regulations, and assesses their effectiveness in addressing the challenges posed by drones in armed conflict. Through detailed case studies and empirical evidence, the article examines specific incidents, tactics and strategies involving drones in the conflict in Ukraine, highlighting their impact on military operations, civilian population and compliance with legal regulations. Ethical considerations and human rights implications associated with the use of drones are also explored, with focus on issues such as civilian casualties, targeted killings and surveillance practices. The conducted research is predominantly of an applied nature – it enriches the existing science with new conclusions resulting from the analysis of available research. The aim of the research is to answer the complementary question in the title (what) is the impact of UAVs on the war in Ukraine in terms of impact on armed conflict and legal challenges. In the conducted research use was made of a number of scientific research methods in a holistic way, the main ones being: the method of analysis and criticism of literature listed in the bibliography, the method of individual cases and document examination methods. The study identifies key challenges, debates and controversies surrounding the use of drones in armed conflict, including questions of accountability, transparency and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at addressing these challenges and ensuring the responsible and ethical use of drones in accordance with international legal norms and humanitarian principles.