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Toxicity assessment of advanced biological wastewater treatment plant effluent by integrated biomarker response in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)

Serdar Osman, Ketenalp Zozan, Yildirim Nuran Cikcikoglu

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 1

71--78

EN

In this study, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were exposed to advanced biological wastewater treatment plant effluent (ABWTPE) for 96 h. At the end of the 96th hour, antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were examined. The objective of the study was to identify biomarkers that are useful for assessing the potential toxic effects of ABWTPE in freshwater environments. We observed an increase in GPX, SOD activity and MDA levels, and a decrease in CAT, GST activity and GSH levels. The results obtained in our study showed that the measured biochemical parameters (GSH, MDA, SOD, CAT, GPX and GST) are useful biomarkers in determining the possible toxicity of ABWTPE in aquatic environments.

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Przydatność Dreissena polymorpha jako organizmu wskaźnikowego odzwierciedlającego obecność metali ciężkich w wybranych elementach ekosystemu ujścia Odry i wybranych jezior Pomorza Zachodniego

Piotrowski S.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2017

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Nr 10

309--317

PL

Koncentracje metali ciężkich są zdecydowanie wyższe w tkankach miękkich Dreissena polymorpha niż muszlach, średnio od 7,4 (Hg) do 308,1 (Pb). W relacji do koncentracji metali ciężkich w wodzie tylko koncentracje Cd i Hg w tkankach Dreissena polymorpha wykazują istotną zależność. Również w relacji do koncentracji metali w osadach dennych tylko dwa metale (Cu i Hg) obecne w tkankach wykazują istotną zależność. W relacji muszle - woda wszystkie sześć metali wykazuje istotną zależność. Z kolei w relacji do osadów dennych cztery metale obecne w muszlach wykazują istotną zależność (Pb, Co, Cd, Hg). Przy zastosowaniu Dreissena polymorpha jako organizmu wskaźnikowego możemy kontrolować obecność wszystkich sześciu badanych metali w środowisku (woda powierzchniowa i osady denne); muszle Dreissena polymorpha bardzo dobrze oddają poziomy metali ciężkich zwłaszcza w wodzie (wszystkie sześć analizowanych metali) i w mniejszym stopniu w osadach (Pb, Co, Cd i Hg). Tkanki miękkie są już w stopniu mniejszym powiązane ze środowiskiem i w odniesieniu do wody wykazują zależność jedynie dla Cd i Hg, a w odniesieniu do osadów wykazują zależność dla Cu i Hg. Współczynniki koncentracji metali (WKM) w tkankach w odniesieniu do stężeń obserwowanych w wodzie są wysokie i średnio wynoszą od 1721 (Hg) do 16 467 (Zn). Średnie wartości WKM tkanki : osady dla dwóch metali (Cu i Pb) są niższe od jedności. Dla pozostałych metali wynoszą od 1,01 (Co) do 7,32 (Hg). W odniesieniu do wody w muszlach nagromadzone są zdecydowanie wyższe koncentracje metali, lecz niższe niż w tkankach. Średnie wartości WKM wynoszą od 388 (Hg) do 2236 (Cd). W relacji muszle : osady dla wszystkich metali średnie wartości WKM są mniejsze od jedności i wynoszą od 0,04 (Pb) do 0,87 (Co).

EN

Heavy metals concentrations are decidedly higher in the Dreissena polymorpha's soft tissue than in its shells; in average, they range between 7.4 (Hg) and 308.1 (Pb). With regard to the heavy metals concentrations in water, only Cd and Hg concentrations in the Dreissena polymorpha tissue demonstrate a significant correlation. Also with regard to the metals concentrations in bottom deposits only two metals (Cu and Hg) present in the tissue demonstrate a significant correlation. In the shells/water relation, all the six metals demonstrate a significant correlation. Four metals present in shells (Pb, Co, Cd, Hg) demonstrate in turn a relationship with ther concentrations in the bottom deposits. Using Dreissena polymorpha as an indicator organism, we can control the presence of all the examined metals in the environment (surface water and bottom deposits); the Dreissena polymorpha's shells very well reflect the heavy metals levels, especially in water (all the six analysed metals) and, to a lesser extent, in the bottom deposits (Pb, Co, Cd and Hg). Soft tissue are less influenced by the environment and they demonstrate a correlation with water only for Cd and Hg, and with deposits only for Cu and Hg. Metal concentration ratios (MCR) in tissues with regard to concentrations observed in water are high and are in average between 1721 (Hg) and 16 467 (Zn). Average values of MCR for tissue/deposits for two metals (Cu and Pb) are below one. For the remaining metals, they range between 1.01 (Co) and 7.32 (Hg). With regard to water, the shells accumulate significantly larger metals concentration, which are however lower than in the tissue. The average MCR values range between 388 (Hg) and 2236 (Cd). For the shells/deposits relation, the MCR values for all metals are below one and range between 0.04 (Pb) and 0.87 (Co).

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Biomonitoring wód śródlądowych i przybrzeżnych za pomocą małży z gatunku Dreissena Polymorpha

Matuszak P., Grodzicki G., Jankowski T., Matlakiewicz P.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2015

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nr 3(52)

49--58

PL

Zanieczyszczenie wód stosowanych w celach spożywczych oraz w gospodarstwach rolnych jest podstawowym przyczynkiem do podwyższonej śmiertelności, zahamowania i zaburzeń wzrostu oraz czynności fizjologicznych, zmian w DNA (genotoksyczność), zmian w obrębie tkanek (cytotoksyczność) i organów osobników narażonych na działanie związków chemicznych. Jedną z groźniejszych klas toksyn oddziałujących na zwierzęta i ludzi mających kontakt ze skażoną wodą są cyjanotoksyny uwalniane przez obumierające sinice. Przyczyniają się one do poważnych stanów chorobowych, a także zdarzeń śmiertelnych. Toksyny tego typu są relatywnie trudno wykrywalne z powodu sezonowej zmienności zakwitów. Jedną ze skutecznych i automatycznych metod wykrywania skażeń wody w trybie ciągłym jest biomonitoring wykorzystujący małże z gatunku Dreissena polymorpha.

EN

The pollution of water that is used for consumption and in agricultural holdings contributes to an increased mortality rate, inhibition of growth and physiological functions, changes in the DNA (genotoxicity), changes within tissues (cytotoxicity) and organs of individuals who are exposed to chemical components. One of the most dangerous toxin classes which have effect on animals and humans who come into contact with contaminated water is the class of cyanobacterial toxins released by dying cyanobacteria. They contribute to very serious health conditions and also to fatalities. Toxins of this type are relatively difficult to detect on account of their seasonal changeability in blooming. One of the most effective methods of detecting water contamination automatically and continuously is biomonitoring with the use of Dreissena polymorpha mussels.

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Bioaccumulation of microcystins in invasive bivalves: a case study from the boreal lagoon ecosystem

Paldavičienė A., Zaiko A., Mazur-Marzec H., Razinkovas-Baziukas A.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (1)

93--101

EN

In the current study we present the first report on the bioaccumulation of microcystins (MC) in zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha from the eutrophic brackish water Curonian Lagoon. The bioaccumulation capacity was related to age structure of mussels and ambient environmental conditions. We also discuss the relevant implications of these findings for biomonitoring of toxic cyanobacteria blooms in the Curonian Lagoon and potential consequences for D. polymorpha cultivation activities considered for the futures as remediation measure. Samples for the analysis were collected twice per year, in June and September, in 2006, 2007 and 2008, from two sites within the littoral zone of the lagoon. The highest microcystin concentrations were measured in mussels larger than 30 mm length and sampled in 2006 (when a severe toxic cyanobacteria bloom occurred). In the following years, a consistent reduction in bioaccumulated MC concentration was noticed. However, certain amount of microcystin was recorded in mussel tissues in 2007 and 2008, when no cyanotoxins were reported in the phytoplankton. Considering high depuration rates and presence of cyanotoxins in the bottom sediments well after the recorded toxic blooms, we assume mechanism of secondary contamination when microcystin residuals could be uptaken by mussels with resuspended sediment particles.

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First report of endosymbionts in Dreissena polymorpha from the brackish Curonian Lagoon, SE Baltic Sea

Chuševe R., Mastitsky S. E., Zaiko A.

Oceanologia

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2012

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No. 54 (4)

701-713

EN

We report the first results of a parasitological study of Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussels) from the brackish Curonian Lagoon, SE Baltic Sea. Zebra mussels were collected monthly from May to October 2011 from a site near the mouth of the River Nemunas. Three types of endosymbionts were found in the mantle cavity and visceral mass of the molluscs during dissections, i.e. the commensal ciliate Conchophthirus acuminatus and parasitic ciliate Ophryoglena sp., and rarely encountered, unidentified nematodes. The abundances of C. cuminatus and Ophryoglena sp. were positively associated with host shell length and water temperature, but no effect of water salinity was detected. As the endosymbionts are either highly host-specific to zebra mussels (C. acuminatus and Ophryoglena sp.) or are probably free-living organisms that inadvertently infect the molluscs (nematodes), we conclude that the presence of D. polymorpha in the Curonian Lagoon does not pose any serious parasitological risk to native biota. We emphasize, however, that this conclusion should be treated with caution as it is based on a study conducted only at a single location. Our work extends the currently scarce records of D. polymorpha parasites and commensals from brackish waters, and adds to a better understanding of the ecological impact this highly invasive mollusc causes in the areas it has invaded.

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Zależność koncentracji metali ciężkich i węgla organicznego w muszlach mięczaków środkowodnych: Lymnaea peregra (Müller, 1774), Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) i Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) od ich wielkości

Piotrowski S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 6

501-508

EN

The shells of Lymnaea peregra and L.stagnalis were collected from a fishing pond in Kłemby near Nowogard (NW Poland), and those of Dreissena polymorpha came from the nearby Odra River estuary (Roztoka Odrzańska). The latter site had much higher concentrations of heavy metals, both in water and in bottom sediments. The study aimed at finding correlations between the concentrations of heavy metals and organic carbon and the shell size. In shells of freshwater snail Lymnaea peregra three second degree polynominal correlations were confirmed at the 0.05 significance level of between concentrations Co (positive), Corg. (negative) and Cd and height of shells. In the other three cases (Cu, Pb, Zn) there was no correlation significant at the 0.10 level. In shells of Lymnaea stagnalis three parameters shown significant (at the 0.05 level) correlation with shell size: concentrations of Zn (negative), Co (negative) and Corg. (positive). The other three (Cu, Pb, Cd) were insignificant even at the 0.10 level. In shells of a bivalve, zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, concentrations of four element shown significant (p=0.05) correlation with shell length: Pb (negative), Zn, As and Hg (all positive). Concentrations of Sr and Co were positively correlated and concentrations of Cd and Corg. Negatively correlated with shell size of this species at 0.10 significance level. Both in the case of snails and zebra mussels, no significant correlation was observed between their size and Cu concentrations. The results indicate that there the concentrations of heavy metals and Corg are indeed size-dependent, and the correlations differ among studied molluscs. Further research is necessary to establish standard procedures for measurements of these parameters for use in monitoring studies: whether the concentrations in shells of indicator species should be analysed in specimens of standard size or standard age to allow for comparisons of measurments taken in different sampling sites or habitats.

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Occurrence of mollusc communities in a lowland dam reservoir colonized by Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) (Sulejów Reservoir, central Poland)

Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 1

5-16

EN

The work aimed at the analysis of the structure and abundance of mollusc communities and their connection woth environmental factors, especially the influence of Dreissens polymorpha. Molluscs were collected at 21 sampling stations within the Sulejów Reservoir in July 1999 and 2000 using Ekman-Birge's grab and bottom dredge. Generally fauna of molluscs was dominated by D. polymorpha, however in the upper part of the reservoir relative abundance of this species was low. The effect of zebra mussel on malacocenoses resulted in significant differences in species richness and densities between the habitats where this mollusc occurred in lower and higher abundance.