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Changes in the area of protected plant communities in the middle Vistula River valley in the second half of the 20th century

Kowalska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 1

19-30

EN

This research sought to indicate changes in the area of plant communities designated for protection in part of the middle Vistula river valley. The study concerned the 50-year period 1949-2001, with the changes registered cartographically. The study area (about 905 km2) is located between the Sanna confluence above Annopol and Góra Kalwaria (from km 295 to km 482 of the river course). The analysis of changes determined the general trends of the natural environment transformation in the second half of 20th century that helped to indicate areas that should be protected additionally. Nineteen types of habitats listed in legal statutes (Habitats Directive etc.) were identified in the chosen part of the valley. Over 50 years, grassland communities have undergone the most significant modifications. Vegetation changes reveal a tendency of a lowering of the water level or a change in the horizontal movement of water as well as of aggradation (increased sediment accumulation) in the river-channel. There are indications that two specific areas should be protected additionally because of the definite presence of valuable natural habitats.

2

Wpływ obwałowań na zróżnicowanie roślinności równiny zalewowej w Dolinie Środkowej Wisły, Nizina Mazowiecka

Kowalska Anna

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2010

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nr 13

135--151

PL

Celem opracowania jest ukazanie zróżnicowania struktury roślinności w dolinie środkowej Wisły, wynikającego z przecięcia równiny zalewowej wałami przeciwpowodziowymi. W pracy wykorzystano numeryczne mapy roślinności doliny środkowej Wisły na odcinku pomiędzy Puławami i miejscowością Karczew pod Warszawą. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy świadczą o znaczącym wpływie obwałowania rzeki na strukturę i różnorodność roślinności. Wały przeciwpowodziowe przyczyniają się do powstania dwóch odmiennych jednostek krajobrazowych: międzywala i zawala położonych w obrębie naturalnej równiny zalewowej. Ich wpływ na ogólną różnorodność roślinności na badanym obszarze jest wieloraki. Z jednej strony przyczyniają się do podniesienia ogólnej różnorodności na zawalu przez zwiększenie liczby typów zbiorowisk i ogólnej liczby płatów na jednostkę powierzchni, a z drugiej obniżają tę różnorodność np. w wyniku upraszczania kształtu wydzieleń. Wpływają również na zwiększenie stopnia synantropizacji roślinności.

EN

This paper has sought to point to differences in vegetation structure in the middle Vistula river valley resulting from floodplain intersection by embankments. Digital maps of vegetation in the valley reach between towns Puławy and Karczew above Warsaw were the basic materials for the analysis. Embankments turned out to have a significant influence on the structure and diversity of floodplain vegetation. They contribute to existence of 2 different landscape units, between and behind dikes, located within natural floodplain. Their impact on vegetation diversity of the study area is very complex. On the one hand, they contribute to increase in the general diversity of the area behind dikes raising the number of vegetation communities types and the number of patches within the unit of area. However, on the other hand, they reduce the diversity simplifying the shape of polygons. They also increase the level of vegetation synanthropization.

3

Pochodzenie sfosfatyzowanych gąbek z warstwy dańskiego piaskowca glaukonitowego z Nasiłowa (dolina środkowej Wisły)

Świerczewska-Gładysz E., Olszewska-Nejbert D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 8

710-719

EN

The sponge fauna from the Danian glauconitic sandstone as exposed at Nasiłów, contains all species known from the underlying Upper Maastrichtian siliceous chalk and, additionally, some species not documented hitherto from the latter unit. The stratigraphic ranges of the all studied sponges indicate their Late Maastrichtian age; there are no Danian sponges in the glauconitic sandstone. Two assemblages of sponges may be distinguished in the glauconitic sandstone, based on the analysis of the infilling of their interspicular space: 1) sponges infilled with phosphatized siliceous chalk and 2) sponges infilled with phosphatized glauconitic siliceous chalk. Petrographic study indicates that the host deposit of the first assemblage was a siliceous chalk. The second type originated from a glauconitic siliceous chalk unit, probably equivalent to the so-called Żyrzyn Beds of Late Maastrichtian age. The glauconitic chalk orginally overlain the siliceous chalk at Nasiłów, but has been subsequently eroded. Detailed analysis of the relations between two types of infillings allows to distinguish a latest Maastrichtian stage of erosion after deposition of the siliceous chalk, not recognised by previous authors. In this erosional stage, phosphatized sponges originally embedded in siliceous chalk were re-exposed and subsequently buried during the deposition of the glauconitic siliceous chalk unit.

4

Wpływ morfologii podłoża aluwiów na stabilność układu koryta środkowej Wisły

Falkowski T.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 7

605--608

EN

Because of large amount of deposited material and the varied discharge of water, the Middle Vistula possesses the morphologic and lithological characteristics of braided river. During a geological survey of the valley which holds the bed of the Vistula River, culminations of the alluvia basement was detected in channel zone. There were outcrops of Mesozoic rocks — gaizes, marls and limestones, Paleogene and Neogene sediments as clays and sands and Pleistocene sediments as boulder clays, ice-dam deposits and compressed coarse grains fluvioglacial sediments are occasionally found. On the surface of these structures, the presence of residual lags was detected. The shallow location of these types of structures in the river channel proves its erosion-resistant nature. In long section of river bottom they are marked by a considerable increase of their gradient. Resistant steps of this kind are crucial for the natural stability of the river valley in longi-tudinal profile. They can also cause culmination of flood flows. The presence of the culminations of the alluvia basement in the river channel may be a factor increasing the probability of ice jam formation and ice jam floods. Those phenomena are causes of characteristic morphology of terrace surface — presence of erosional troughs of flood event flows. They also affect depositional processes. In the paper the morphologic characteristics of the Middle Vistula (braided lowland river) in the zones of various lithological types of alluvial basement culminations are presented, as well as characteristic structures of channel and flood deposits.

5

Palinologiczny zapis trzeciorzędu w dolinie środkowej Wisły

Słodkowska B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 1

84-86

EN

Ter tiary depos its in the Mid dle Vistula River val ley have been paly no logi cal ly stud ied. Sed i ments were inves ti gated dur - ing research for sev eral sheets (Dęblin, Kozienice, and Puławy) of the Detailed Geo log i cal Map of Poland in 1: 50,000 scale —. Seven palynological assem blages were rec og nized, con tain ing Upper Paleocene, Mid dle and Upper Eocene, Lower Oligocene, and Mid dle Mio cene palymomorphs. In the Paleogene marine depos its, a rich dinocysts assem blages becomes palynological marker, sporomorphs are less numer ous. In the Neo gene, sporomorphs are abun dant. Phytoplankton assem blage from the Paleocene depos its show pre dom i - na tion of marine coastal facies. Palynomorphs from Eocene sed i ments were depos ited far ther from the shore. The lower Oligocene assemblage was characteristic for brackish deposits with substantial admixture of sporoporphs and phytoclasts of continental origin . Middle Miocene sporomorphs characterize two types of vegetation assemblages. Lower parts of the Middle Miocene (VI Tricolporopollenites megaexactus zone) contain pollen grains from shrubby peatbogs and mixed mesophilous forest, indicating warm and dry climate. Upper part of the Middle Miocene (IX Tricolporopollenites pseudocingulum zone), dominating plant communities were swamp and riparian forest, thus indicating warm and wet climate.

6

Paleoekologia i paleośrodowisko późnego kampanu na podstawie wybranych profili z doliny środkowej Wisły

Zatoń M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 8

678-684

PL

Trzy odsłonięcia górnego kampanu, należące do trzech kolejnych poziomów amonitowych (Neancyloceras phaleratum, Bostrychoceras polyplocum i Didymoceras donezianum) w dolinie środkowej Wisły, zostały zbadane pod kątem paleośrodowiskowym. Bogata makrofauna ze wszystkich szczebli troficznych, świadczy o spokojnym środowisku, odpowiadającemu dzisiejszej strefie pogranicza wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego szelfu, o normalnym zasoleniu, dobrze natlenionych wodach przydennych i podłożu o zróżnicowanej konsystencji, stwarzającego różnorodnej faunie odmienne nisze ekologiczne.

EN

The paleoecology of macrofauna from three Upper Campanian outcrops in the Middle Vistula valley, belonging to three successive ammonite zones (Neancyloceras phaleratum, Bostrychoceras polyplocum and Didymoceras donezianum), have been investigated on paleoenvironmental ground. The rich macrofauna of all trophic levels indicates the calm epicratonic basin, corresponding to the inner to outer shelf environment, of normal salinity waters, good bottom-water oxygenation and with substrate of varied consistency, providing different niches for diverse fauna.