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EN
Feasibility studies with QoS routing proved that the network traffic type has influence on routing performance. In this work influence of self-similar traffic for network with DiffServ architecture and OSPF QoS routing has been verified. Analysis has been done for three traffic classes. Multiplexed On-Off model was used for self-similar traffic generation. Comparison of simulation results was presented using both relative and non-relative measures for three traffic classes. Results were commented and analyzed. The basic conclusion is that performance for streaming and best-effort class for self-similar traffic is higher than performance for the same class with exponential traffic (Poisson). The other important conclusion is relation between performance differences and offered traffic amount.
EN
This paper presents a method for adjusting the level of services offered by the network with quality of service differentiation for the long-term characteristics of a transmitted video stream. The Drop Precedence (DP) field located in the header of IP packet for this purpose was used.The DP field is set dynamically, based on the measurement of the long-term properties of a source video stream entering the network. The level of traffic perturbations present in a stream is expressed by the Hurst parameter, and then mapped to the size of a priority encoded in the DP field. By that means, an adaptive differentiation of the preferences of individual streams within the same AF PHB class of service is implemented, depending on the size of perturbations existing in the flow. The use of the long-term Hurst parameter, as a criterion of classification, makes the treatment of packets marked with a given priority value does the job well on a larger time scale.
EN
Proposition of architecture and implementation of prototype system for dynamic contracting IP services is presented. The system serves requests issued by users demanding setting up network service of specified parameters. DiffServ technology together with traffic engineering and admission control are used. Implementation details and results of tests are described. Necessary extensions and possibility of commercialization of such a system are discussed.
EN
Current packet networks use a large variety of mechanisms which should support QoS (Quality of Service). One of those mechanisms is routing (calculating connection paths for incoming service requests). The most effective mechanism in QoS context is dynamic routing, based on the current network state described by the offered traffic matrix and link states. After switching between calculated available paths, connection path changes may cause received packets to change order within a single stream. This paper includes the problem definition and the analysis of all additional effects. A combined simulation/analytic model was proposed in order to answer whether the number of changed-order packets is significant and if it should be considered when calculating the end-to-end delay balance in analytical models for packet networks with differentiated services. Furthermore, the proposed model gave the answer on how often calculated paths may be switched to avoid the network beingout of tune.
5
Content available remote Scheduling architectures for DiffServ networks with input queuing switches
EN
Due to its simplicity and scalability, the differentiated services (DiffServ) model is expected to be widely deployed across wired and wireless networks. Though DiffServ supporting scheduling algorithms for output-queuing (OQ) switches have been widely studied, there are few DiffServ scheduling algorithms for input-queuing (IQ) switches in the literaure. In this paper, we propose two DiffServ scheduling algorithms for DiffServ networks with IQ switches: the dynamic DiffServ scheduling (DDS) algorithm and the hierarchical DiffServ scheduling (HDS) algorithm. The basic idea of DDS and HDS is to schedule EF and AF traffic according to their minimum service rates with the reserved bandwidth and schedule AF and BE traffic fairly with the excess bandwidth. Both DDS and HDS find a maximal weight matching but in different ways. DDS employs a centralized scheduling scheme. HDS features a hierarchical scheduling scheme that consists of two levels of schedulers: the central scheduler and port schedulers. Using such a hierarchical scheme, the implementation complexity and the amount of information needs to be transmitted between input ports and the central scheduler for HDS are dramatically reduced compared with DDS. Through simulations, we show that both DDS and HDS provide minimum bandwidth guarantees for EF and AF traffic as well as fair bandwidth allocation for BE traffic. The delay and jitter performance of DDS is close to that of PQWRR, an existing DiffServ supporting scheduling algorithm for OQ switches. The tradeoff of the simpler implementation scheme of HDS is its slightly worse delay performance compared with DDS.
PL
Przedstawiono zarys Flow-Aware Networking (FAN) - nowej koncepcji zapewniania jakości obsługi (QoS) w sieciach IP. Porównano ją z obecnie zestandaryzowanymi architekturami IntServ i DiffServ. Wprowadzono model rutera wzajemnie zabezpieczanego jako podstawowego węzła realizującego założenia architektury FAN.
EN
Fundamental aspects of Flow-Aware Networking (FAN), a new concept for providing real-time QoS in IP networks, are presented. Comparison of FAN to IntServ and DiffServ QoS architectures is drawn. Model of a Cross-Protect Router is presented as a basic building-block of networks implementing FAN architecture.
PL
Przedstawiono założenia i najważniejsze cechy techniki MPLS. Omówiono potencjalne korzyści wynikające ze współpracy techniki MPLS z modelami usług zintegrowanych i zróżnicowanych pod kątem zapewniania jakości usług. Przedstawiono bieżący stan prac mających na celu opracowanie standardów współpracy MPLS z modelami IntServ i DiffServ.
EN
The article presents the basics and the main features of MPLS. The main advantages of interworking between MPLS and IntServ as well as MPLS and DiffServ from the quality of service perspective are discussed. The current state of the interworking standardization process is presented.
PL
Przedstawiono najistotniejsze cechy modeli IntServ i DiffServ pod kątem zapewnienia jakości usług w relacji od końca do końca w sieci IP. Omówiono możliwości praktycznego zastosowania tych modeli w różnych obszarach sieci oraz zagadnienia ich współpracy. Pdjęto też próbę uporządkowania terminologii związanej z jakością usług.
EN
The article discusses the main features of the IntServ and DiffServ models as regards ensuring end-to-end quality of service guarantees. Applicability of these models in various network areas and interworking issues are also described. Consistent terminology for QoS issues is presented.
PL
Przedstawiono problematykę transmisji IP w systemach GSM, GPRS i UMTS. W przypadku systemu GPRS omówiono krótko architekurę tego systemu oraz oceniono wyniki eksperymentów i wdrożeń tego systemu, zwracając uwagę na jego problematyczną funkcjonalność. W przypadku systemu UMTS przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę i architekturę systemu zgodną ze specyfikacjami UMTS Release 99, Release 4 i Release 5. Uwypuklono rolę protokołu IP jako protokołu warstwy aplikacyjnej i transportowej oraz pokazano ewolucję sustemu UMTS do modelu ALL-IP. Przedstawiono również ogólną problematykę wprowadzania nowych rozwiązań dla sieci ruchomych.
EN
The implementation of IP based communication in GSM, GPRS and UMTS systems has been presented. A short description of the GPRS architecture and its problematic IP functionality based on results of carried trials has been emphasized. The evolution of the UMTS architecture from ATM based system to All-IP one (specifications: Release 99, Release 4 and Release 5) has been presented, showing the double role of the IP protocol, which serves as a transport, and application layer protocol. The troublesome evolution of mobile systems has been commented in a little bit provocative manner.
PL
Przedstawiono ewolucję i możliwe kierunki rozwoju sieci IP (architektury Integrated Services oraz Differentiated Services), które próbują przejąć rozwiązania QoS z techniki ATM, a równocześnie za wszelką cenę starają się zachować swoje zasadnicze cechy, w tym bezpołączeniową naturę IP, sterowanie przepływem w TCP oraz przetwarzanie dotyczące QoS ograniczone do styku użytkownik-sieć.
EN
The paper presents evolution and trends in IP network development (Integrated Services Differentiated Services architectures) that aim to seize QoS solutions originated in the ATM technology and to preserve simultaneously basic IP technology features (connectionless transmission, TCP flow control, QoS processing at a user-network interface).
PL
Przedstawiono system IP Navigator MPLS oferujący pełne spektrum jakości usług realizowanych na bazie wielousługowych przełączników szkieletowych Lucent Technologies. Ta implementacja powstającego standardu MPLS, dostępna już dzisiaj, pozwala zapewnić bezwzględną jakość usług dla ruchu IP. Krótko omówiono również realizację usług IP VPN na bazie IP Navigator MPLS.
EN
Article presents the mechanisms of IP Navigator MPLS the system to provide a full spectrum of Quality of Service levels based upon Lucent Technologies core multiservicce switches. This pre-standard implementation of MPLS, available today, allows to provide the absolute QoS for the IP traffic. Impact of IP Navigator networks for providing IP VPN services is briefly disccussed.
PL
Przedstawiono potrzebę oraz techniki gwarantujące jakość obsługi dla aplikacji czasu rzeczywistego, używanych w sieci Internet. Obok tradycyjnego modelu obsługi pakietów IP pokazano również inne, najnowocześniejsze techniki gwarancji parametrów jakości usług w sieciach IP. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na takie techniki, jak IntSen/, DiffServ oraz MPLS.
EN
The article describes needs and technology, which is used to provide quality of service for real time applications of Internet network. Besides the traditional model of services, which is used for IP packets, the article describes other, most modern QoS technologies like IntServ, DiffServ or MPLS.
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