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1 2012

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Zanieczyszczenie powietrza na obszarach zurbanizowanych : próba analizy porównawczej trzech polskich miast

Hojnacki P.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2012

nr 1

122--142

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przedstawienia i analizy zanieczyszczenia powietrza na terenie zurbanizowanym na przykładzie miasta Poznania oraz porównanie go z dwoma równorzędnymi ośrodkami miejskimi na obszarze Polski - Wrocławiem i Gdańskiem. Głównym kryterium wyboru miast była aktualna liczba ich mieszkańców oraz zajmowana przez te ośrodki powierzchnia. Przy analizie zanieczyszczenia posłużono się danymi dostępnymi w publikacjach Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Horyzont czasowy badań obejmuje lata 2005 – 2009.

Air pollution is gas, liquid and solids that are present in the air but are not the air’s natural components, as well as substances which are natural components of the air, but they are in a much bigger proportion there in comparison to their natural amount in the atmosphere. Air pollution has a very strong influence on the health and life of many people, especially in big cities, due to a high density of population and our intense economic activities. To perform a correct comparative analysis, we used data retrieved from GUS. Big cities with comparable areas and similar number of people were chosen for the research. The analysis included the following cities: Poznań, Wrocław and Gdańsk between 2005 and 2009. The analyzed cities received quality ratings for different areas of pollution. “A” was set as the best mark and it stands for two points, whereas “C” is the worst mark and it means zero points. Subsequently the points for specific areas of air pollution were added and the cities in question were evaluated according to their respective scores and in comparison with the other cities. Putting together the results of the analysis exposed the fact that the most profitable changes in the analyzed time period occurred in Wrocław (as compared to the other cities). The analysis of the dynamics of air pollution (with the initial values as of 2005) led to a conclusion that the emission of the majority of air pollution in each of the examined cities has been going down steadily. Moreover, the concentration of the dangerous substances over the cities has mostly decreased.