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Analysis of the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels on the fairway Świnoujście-Szczecin

Gucma L., Łazuga K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2019

Vol. 13, no. 3

627--631

The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of exemption from pilotage for 75m and 90m long vessels entering Szczecin on navigation safety on the waterway Świnoujście-Szczecin. Available sources concerning the influence of maritime pilotage on the safety of navigation have been analysed. Such data have been collected and made available only for the Danish Straits, the Great Barrier Reef Area of Australia, the Bosporus Straits and the Tokyo Bay. The study also included an analysis of economic effectiveness of pilotage exemption in this area.

Transport and hydraulically-induced recycling of phosphorus in the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition zone

Kepp R.R., Struve A., Christiansen C., Lund-Hansen L.C., Nielsen M.H., Vang T.

Oceanologia

2006

No. 48 (2)

175-191

Bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements indicate that the net transport of water (844 m3 s-1) in the Little Belt makes up only 6% of the total transport between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. This is a smaller percentage than the 9% commonly found in the literature. Owing to barotropic and tidal currents the gross transport is 5 times larger. The net transport is directed towards the North Sea mainly in the top 32 m of the water column but towards the Baltic Sea it occurs in the lower 5 m of the water column. The resulting transport of phosphorus is strongly affected by vertical mixing in an area of hydraulic control in the narrow part of the Little Belt. Comparisons of phosphorus profiles in stratified waters and in the mixing area indicate a yearly entrainment of 15 tonnes P from the bottom water to the surface layer. This vertical transport of P forms part of an internal loop in the general transport between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Compared to the transport observed 15-16 years ago, the present net phosphorus transport of 163 tonnes yr-1 from the Baltic Sea through the Little Belt is substantially lower.