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Influence of induced drought on photosynthetic performance in Dactylis glomerata varieties during the early growth stage

Borawska-Jarmułowicz Barbara, Mastalerczuk Grażyna, Dąbrowski Piotr, Tuchowska Żaneta, Kalaji Hazem

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 60

194--208

EN

Drought significantly impacts the growth and yield of forage grasses, particularly its effect on Dactylis glomerata photosynthetic apparatus during the initial phase of development remains largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of drought on physiological parameters of various D. glomerata varieties. The seedlings obtained after seed germination under optimal and simulated drought conditions by PEG 6000 (three variants) were planted in small pots filled with garden substrate. Over a span of 42 days, the plants were initially kept well-watered (70% capillary water capacity, CWC), after which half of the seedlings from each variant were subjected to drought. This drought stress was applied during the tillering phase for 12 days. Subsequently, the plants were rehydrated (at 70% CWC) and allowed to recover for 14 days. Throughout both drought and recovery periods, measurements were taken. Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assessed, and the JIP-test analysis was utilised to provide detailed insights into the functionality of D. glomerata photosynthetic apparatus under drought stress and post-recovery conditions. Several parameters were identified as indicative of the plants’ sensitivity to drought, such as performance indices PIABS and PItot, along with quantum yield parameters ΨEo, φEo, and φPo. The results highlighted that var. Minora and Tukan exhibited greater tolerance to water deficit when compared to the other varieties studied. They showed a large increases in PIABS and PItot values after drought stress as well as after the re-watering (recovery period) compared to control plants. This suggests their potential for better adaptation to drought conditions.

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The Effects of Various Organic Materials on Dactylis glomerata Yield and Content of Selected Macroelements

Malinowska Elżbieta, Wiśniewska-Kadżajan Beata, Ostaszewska Urszula, Horaczek Tomasz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

108--118

EN

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of various organic materials on Dactylis glomerata yield, on the content of selected macroelements (K, Ca and Mg) and on K:Ca, K:Mg and K:(Ca + Mg) ratios. As a valuable forage plant, Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot grass) is a common grass in Poland both in grassland and in arable fields. Its rapid spring growth and its resistance to drought, low temperatures, but also to frequent mowing and pests, makes it a common species in meadows, pastures and grassland, both permanent and alternating. In order to achieve the research goal, a three-year pot experiment was established in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design, in four replications. In the autumn before the experiment, soil was mixed with organic materials (chicken manure, mushroom substrate and rye straw) and put into pots. To selected units, an additional amount of mineral N was applied in the first year and NPK fertilizers in consecutive years. Mineral fertilizers were applied at the beginning of the growing period. Compared to control, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers resulted in a significant increase in Dactylis glomerata yield. The highest biomass yield (average over the growing periods) was recorded on the unit treated with manure, straw and mineral fertilizers (27.64 g•pot-1) and on the one with mushroom substrate applied together with rye straw and mineral fertilizers (26.47 g•pot-1). The K:(Ca+Mg) ratio in the forage was normal and averaged 0.933, but mineral fertilizers, compared to other treatments, narrowed it.

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The Effect of Soil Conditioners on Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and the ADL Fibre Fraction Concentration in Dactylis Glomerata and Lolium Perenne

Truba M., Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B., Sosnowski J., Malinowska E., Jankowski K., Makarewicz A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

107--112

FR

Replicated three times, the research was conducted in the experimental field between 2011 and 2014. Three soil conditioners with the following trade names: UGmax, Eko- Użyźniacz, and Humus Active Papka were used in the experiment, separately or together with NPK fertilisers. They were all used on plots sown with two species of grass, Dactylis glomerata of the Bora variety and Lolium perenne of the Info variety. The plant material from both grass species was tested for the concentration of ADL fraction (% DM), cellulose (% DM), and hemicellulose (% DM). It was found that the concentration of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and the ADL fraction was significantly higher in the biomass of Dactylis glomerata than in the biomass of Lolium perenne. The grass from the plot with the UGmax soil conditioner applied had the highest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose. The lowest amount of those organic compounds was found in the grass treated with UGmax together with mineral fertilisers and in plants treated with Humus Active, together with mineral fertilisers. However, the fertilisers and conditioners did not increase the ADL content in both grass species.

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Wpływ biokondycjonera glebowego Soleflor na żywotność i plonowanie kupkówki pospolitej (Dactylis glomerata L.) oraz stan środowiska mikrobiologicznego gleby

Swędrzyńska D., Zielewicz W., Swędrzyński A., Starzyk J., Wolna-Maruwka A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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Tom 17, cz. 2

1320--1338

EN

Monocultures, nearly 100% share of cereals in crop rotation, the absence of intercrops, one-sided NPK mineral fertilisation and the absence of organic fertilisation are some characteristic phenomena in contemporary agriculture. They lead to numerous unfavourable changes in the natural environment, ranging from impoverished agricultural landscape and its biodiversity to degraded biological properties and fertility of soil. One of the methods improving the functioning of such soils is the application of soil bioconditioners and improvers. They are supposed to improve the soil structure, increase the microbiological activity and, what is particularly important in organic farming, they are supposed to increase the bioavailability of mineral components, such as phosphorus and potassium, from the soil resources which are inaccessible to plants. We conducted a two-year experiment on an orchard grass plantation in a randomised block design. We studied the influence of the Soleflor soil bioconditioner on the soil pH, its bioactivity (the count of selected groups of soil microorganisms, the enzymatic activity), the plant vigour expressed with the SPAD index and the sward yield. The experimental factor was the quantity and frequency of use of the Soleflor bioconditioner. The factor was applied at three levels, i.e. the bioconditioner not applied, 300 kg ha-1 of the bioconditioner applied annually in spring before the vegetation period, 600 kg ha-1 of the bioconditioner applied once in two years in spring before the vegetation period. Identical standard NPK fertilisation was applied in each experimental combination. Soleflor is a preparation based on calcium carbonate enriched with sulphur, magnesium, polypeptides and carbohydrates. It proved to have minimal but noticeable influence on the soil pH, especially in the combination with 600 kg ha-1 of Soleflor. If the conditioner is applied regularly for many years, it will undoubtedly reduce the soil acidity. However, it is noteworthy that the experiment was conducted in a soil with high pH, which was close to neutral. If the conditioner had been applied in a soil with lower pH, the increase in pH would have been more effective in view of the requirements of plants and soil microorganisms. The influence of the Soleflor bioconditioner on the count of microorganisms was noticeable when there was a high total count of bacteria and high population of actinomyces. The quantities of both groups of microorganisms increased in combinations with Soleflor. Although the differences were not always statistically significant, the trend was noticeable and unequivocal. The enzymatic activity of soil was the biological parameter of soil with very equivocal and low reactions to Soleflor fertilisation. The strongest reaction to Soleflor was observed in plants. The application of the bioconditioner regularly increased both the vigour and yield of orchard grass.

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The effect of growth regulator on structural and non-structural carbohydrates and lignin content in selected grass species and cultivars

Ciepiela G. A., Godlewska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 3

189--197

EN

The research was undertaken to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak SL, derived from brown seaweed species Ecklonia maxima (kelp), on structural and non-structural carbohydrates, as well as lignin content in orchard grass and Braun’s festulolium. The experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. It was set up at the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, in late April 2009. The following factors were examined: an application of the plant growth regulator Kelpak SL applied at the rate of 2 dm3·ha-1 vs an untreated control (0 dm3··ha-1), pure sown grass species and cultivars grown in monoculture: Dactylis glomerata, cv. Amila and Tukan, as well as Festulolium braunii cv. Felopa and Agula. This study revealed that an application of Kelpak significantly reduced cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of the grasses but significantly increased non-structural carbohydrates, regardless of the remaining factors. Non-structural carbohydrates were the highest in Kelpak-treated Festulolium braunii (on average, 232.7 g·kg-1).

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Dry Matter Yield of Different Varieties of Dactylis Glomerata and Festuca Pratensis

Sosnowski J., Jankowski K., Domański P., Herda D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 3

211--216

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyze yield variation of Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis varieties grown on organic and mineral soil. This paper has drawn on two field experiments set up and carried out between 2010 and 2013. The experiment was conducted in two experimental stations: one in the Research Centre for Cultivar Testing in Krzyżewo and the other in the Experimental Stations for Variety Testing in Uhinin. The experiment in Krzyżewo was set up on ploughed soil, with spring barley as a forecrop. In Uhnin the experimental plots were located on peat meadow. The experimental plots were sown with varieties of Dactylis glomerata: Niva, Tukan, Amila, Crown Royale and with varieties of Festuca pratensis: Limosa, Pasja, Anturka, Amelka. The full exploitation of Dactylis glomerata varieties was due between 2012 and 2013, whereas for Festuca pratensis it was due between 2011 and 2012. In the experimental plots with the varieties of Dactylis glomerata the grass was harvested six times a year and chemical analysis of the biomass was done taking dry matter only from five cuts. The varieties of Festuca pratensis were harvested four times. Each year in the course of the experiment fresh and dry matter of each cut were weighed. The grass species and their varieties as well as the particular mowing and kind of soil where the grass was grown have an impact on the yield. On mineral soil the yield of Dactylis glomerata was higher than Festuca pratensis. On organic soil the yield of both species was similar. During the two years of experiment the highest yield among Festuca pratensis varieties was noted for Amelka whereas among varieties of Dactylis glomerata the yield was similar and differences were not statistically signifi.