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1

Modyfikacje ogniw barwnikowych w kierunku poprawy ich sprawności

Schab-Balcerzak Ewa, Gnida Paweł

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 10

245--248

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczące wpływu przeprowadzonych modyfikacji fotoanody ogniw barwnikowych na ich odpowiedz fotowoltaiczną. Analizowano zależności pomiędzy rodzajem barwnika, koadsorbentów i rozpuszczalnika użytego do przygotowania roztworu barwnika zastosowanego do otrzymania fotoanody oraz obecności i sposobu otrzymania warstwy blokującej na parametry fotowoltaiczne wyznaczone z pomiarów charakterystyk prądowo-napięciowych.

EN

The article presents the results of a study on the impact of the carried out modifications to the photoanode of the dye-sensitized solar cells on their photovoltaic response. The relationships between the type of dye, coadsorbents and solvent applied to prepare the dye solution to obtain the photoanode and the presence and method of preparation the blocking layer on the photovoltaic performance were analyzed using current voltage measurements.

2

Study of Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Solvent-Dependent Natural Dye Extracted from Rivina humilis L

Aliah Hasniah, Iman Ryan N., Sriwidati Sriwidati, Sawitri Asti, Setiawan Andhy, Putri Assa P. D., Kurniawati Fera

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

312--321

EN

This work aimed to study the natural dye extracted from Indonesian wild plants (Rivina humilis L.) using different solvents. The natural dye was extracted using the maceration method. Three different solvents, namely, aquades, acetone, and ethanol 96%, were used to extract natural dye from Rivina humilis L fruit. The absorbance spectra of the extracted dye were recorded using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The different spectra of betalain pigment revealed the dye extract’s dependence on the solvent. The functional groups of the extracted dye were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adherence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups from FTIR spectra indicated that this dye could anchor to a semiconducting material, e.g., TiO2, which was commonly used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The electrochemical properties of the extracted pigments were studied through higher occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. Based on the results, the best performance to construct DSSC was achieved by natural dye adsorption with aquades solvent.

3

Alternative method of making electrical connections in the 1st and 3rd generation modules as an effective way to improve module efficiency and reduce production costs

Kwaśnicki Paweł, Gronba-Chyła Anna, Generowicz Agnieszka, Ciuła Józef, Wiewiórska Iwona, Gaska Krzysztof

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2023

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Vol. 44, no 3

179--200

EN

In this work, we propose a new method for manufacturing busbars in photovoltaic modules for different solar cell generations, focusing on 1st and 3rd generations. The method is based on high-pressure spray coating using nanometric metallic powder. Our focus is primarily on optimizing conductive paths for applications involving conductive layers used in 3rd generation solar cells, such as quantum dot solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell, and silicon-based solar cells on glass-glass architecture for buildingintegrated photovoltaic. The advantages of the proposed method include the possibility of reducing the material quantity in the conductive paths and creating various shapes on the surface, including bent substrates. This paper examines the influence of the proposed high-pressure spraying technique using metallic particles on the morphology of the resulting conductive paths, interface characteristics, and electrical parameters. Conductive paths were created on four different layers commonly used in photovoltaic systems, including transparent conductive oxide, Cu, Ti, and atomic layer deposition processed Al2O3. The use of high-pressure technology enables the production of conductive layers with strong adhesion to the substrate and precise control of the spatial parameters of conductive paths. Furthermore, the temperature recorded during the deposition process does not exceed 385 K, making this technique suitable for various types of substrates, including glass and silicon. Additionally, the produced layers exhibit low resistance, measuring less than 0.3 Ω. Finally, the mechanical resistance, as determined through tearing tests, as well as environmental and time stability, have been confirmed for the produced paths.

4

Use of natural dyes for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell: a review

Bhargava Cherry, Sharma Pardeep Kumar

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 6

art. no. e139319

EN

The increasing concern for worldwide energy production is the result of global industrialization and decreasing energy resources. Despite the cost factor, solar energy continues to become more popular due to its long-term nature as a resource and growing conversion efficiency. A dye-sensitized solar cell converts visible light into electricity. The efficient use of dye as a sensitizer is the critical factor in enhancing the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. Natural dyes are found in abundance in leaves, flower petals, roots, and other natural resources. Due to the advantages of natural dyes such as cost-effectiveness, the simpler extraction process, and being environmentally friendly, etc., researchers are working extensively to replace synthetic dyes with natural ones. This paper highlights the various types of natural dyes and their effect on the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell.

5

Modern third generation solar photovoltaic technology: dye sensitized solar cell

Banne Chiranjeev

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 4, No 2

173--178

EN

Depleting conventional energy resources are forcing the world to search for new and renewable energy resources. Solar energy is one of the potent and abundant energy resource .To use the solar energy to its fullest along with conventional technology has specific limitations. These limitations can be eliminated by use of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). DSSC can be seen as promising future technology. It is advantageous over Silicon (Si) based Photovoltaic (PV) cell in terms cost, easy manufacturing, stability at higher temperature, aesthetics, etc. Also it works in indoor conditions i.e. diffused sunlight which nearly not feasible with conventional PV cells. Now Research and Development Departments of many countries like Japan, Germany, USA, Switzerland, India, China and many firms like G-Cell, Oxford PV, Sony, TATA-Dyesol are working on DSSC to improve its various aspects so as to make it more applicable in various conditions. The paper will discuss the concept, construction, working of DSSC. Also it will illustrate current applications of DSSC.

6

The Effect of Electrode Immersion Time and Ageing on N719 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Performance

Krawczak Ewelina, Zdyb Agata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

53--60

EN

One of the most promising devices belonging to the third generation of photovoltaic technologies is dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). It can be considered as an economic substitute for the first and second generation of solar cells which provides relatively high conversion efficiency at low cost of material and simple manufacturing. This technology is widely developed nowadays thus it can contribute the meeting of the current and future energy demands. However, much work should be done to increase solar-electricity conversion efficiency of DSSC. It is identified that a crucial component which strongly affects the performance of the working dye-sensitized cell is dye sensitizer used to enhance the light harvesting. The adjustment of the amount of the adsorbed dye by a modification of photoelectrode immersion time in dye solution plays a crucial role. The objective of this study was to report the influence of electrode immersion time on dye-sensitized solar cells performance and to evaluate the stability of obtained cells. DSSC assemblies were prepared in the sandwich way with the working area equal to 0.8 cm2. The impact of various immersion times in N719 dye solution of the TiO2 covered photoelectrodes have been investigated. In the study, the process of encapsulation of the cells with sealant gaskets was enhanced which caused the improvement of the stability and tightness of the obtained DSSC devices. The methodological process adopted in this investigation includes measurements of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics performed right after cell preparation, and after 72 hours to evaluate the role of ageing. The characterization of the obtained solar cells was carried out under standard test conditions (STC; temperature 25°C, irradiance 100 mW/cm2, air mass AM 1.5). On the basis of I-V curves measurements, characteristic operating parameters of the obtained DSSC assemblies such as open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current (ISC), and maximum power point (MPP) have been established. The results of this research indicate that the time of electrode immersion in the dye solution affects strongly the DSSC performance. Thus, the control of the stage of the dye adsorption by the TiO2 layer is vitally important.

7

Dye photosensitizers and their influence on DSSC efficiency : a review

Krawczak Ewelina

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2019

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T. 9, nr 3

86--90

EN

Since early 1990s dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been developed by many research groups all over the World. This paper presents a review of researches focusing on photosensitizer influence on DSSC efficiency. Variety of dye substance has been analyzed. The highest efficiency around 11.2% has been noted for ruthenium-based DSSC devices. Natural dyes allowed to reach 4.6%. The most metal-free organic dyes resulted in efficiency ranged from 5% to 9%, however, some of them (e.g. Y123) allowed to obtain devices with efficiencies equal to 10.3%. Co-sensitization is the new approach which results in efficiencies up to 14.3%.

PL

Od początku lat 90 XX wieku ogniwa barwnikowe przyciągają uwagę naukowców na całym świecie. Praca ta poświęcona jest przeglądowi badań dotyczących wpływowi substancji sensybilizujących na sprawność barwnikowych ogniw słonecznych (DSSC). Największą sprawność uzyskują ogniwa sensybilizowane barwnikami na bazie rutenu, podczas gdy barwniki naturalne pozwalają na pracę z wydajnością 4,6%. Sprawność konwersji energii ogniw uczulanych barwnikami organicznymi wynosi 5-9%, jednakże niektóre z nich, np. Y123 pozwalają na uzyskanie wydajności rzędu 10,3%. Zastosowanie kilku barwników do sensybilizacji jest nowym podejściem, które przekłada się na wartości sprawności nawet do 14,3%.

8

Natural flavonoids as potential photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells

Zdyb Agata, Krawczyk Stanisław

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 1

29--36

EN

Natural flavonoids quercetin, morin, fisetin and luteolin were studied as potential photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Spectroscopic methods were used to investigate the formation of dye/TiO2 nanoparticles assemblies and the development of their absorption spectra. The results show that the flavonoids adsorb well on TiO2 nanoparticles and this process causes the shift of absorption spectra from the near UV into the visible range of solar light. The mode of binding of the dye molecules on TiO2 surface is analyzed by comparison of spectral absorption properties and with the use of structural differences introduced by fisetin and luteolin for discrimination between several possibilities.

9

Synteza matrycowa kompozytów tlenku cynku stosowanych w ogniwach słonecznych uczulanych barwnikiem

Zhao N., Zhang C., Zhang P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 2

195--199

PL

Tlenek cynku jest obiecującym materiałem do budowy anod ze względu na możliwość uzyskiwania go w postaci różnych nanostruktur oraz doskonałą ruchliwość elektronów. W celu poprawy działania ogniw fotowoltaicznych otrzymano nanostruktury ZnO i zastosowano je w elektrodach półprzewodnikowych. Jako podłoże warstwy ZnO zastosowano szkło z tlenku cyny domieszkowanego fluorem FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide). Po wyżarzaniu pokryto je warstwą składającą się z mikrokulek polistyrenowych wytworzonych in situ metodą polimeryzacji wolnorodnikowej. Zarodki ZnO hodowano w mieszaninie azotanu cynku i heksametylenotetraaminy w celu wytworzenia różnych typów nanostruktur ZnO (struktura siatki 3D i struktura nanodrutu-nanocząstki) o dużej powierzchni właściwej. Warstwę kompozytową uczulono barwnikiem N719 i zastosowano w ogniwach słonecznych. Uzyskano efektywność konwersji energii 3,91%.

EN

ZnO was deposited from Zn(OAc)2 soln. on F-doped SnO glass substrate by spin coating. After the procedure was repeated 4 times, the layer was annealed at 400°C for 1 h and covered with template layer consisting of polystyrene microspheres in-situ produced by free radical emulsion polymerization. The seed layer was grown in the mixt. of Zn(NO3)2 and hexamethylenetetramine to produce ZnO of nanowire-nanoparticle structures with high sp. surface area. The template layer was then removed by heating at 500°C for 1 h under formation of ZnO nanostructures. Di(tetrabutylammonium)cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2’- bipyridyl-4,4’-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N719 dye) was then deposited from its soln. on the composite surface and sensitized in dark for 1 h. The product was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, elec. impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and then successfully used as a semiconductor electrode in a solar cell of improved performance.

10

A novel photoelectrode of NiO@ZnO nanocomposite prepared by Pechini method coupled with PLD for efficiency enhancement in DSSCs

Nada A. A., Selim H., Bechelany M., El-Sayed M., Hegazey R. M., Souaya E. R., Kotkata M. F.

Materials Science Poland

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2018

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Vol. 36, No. 2

327--336

EN

The dye-sensitized solar cells made of NiO@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a novel Pechini route using different NiO molar concentration ratios. The thermal, structural morphological, optical and electrical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetery (TGA/DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, UV-diffuse reflectance (UV-DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The success of doping process was confirmed by the XRD patterns, which revealed the existence of new peak at 43.2° corresponding to secondary phase NiO. UV spectra exhibited red shifts in NiO doped ZnO NCs and PL spectra showed strong emission band at 355 nm. The doping of ZnO with NiO was intended to enhance the surface defects of ZnO. The current-voltage measurements showed an improvement of the short circuit photocurrent (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) and a decrease in the open circuit voltage (VOC) for dye-sensitized solar cel (DSSC) based on NiO–ZnO NCs. A clear enhancement in efficiency of DSSC from 1.26±0.10 % for pure ZnO to 3.01±0.25 % for NiO–ZnO NCs at the optimum doping with 1.5 mol% of NiO to ZnO (ZN1.5) was observed. The obtained material can be a suitable candidate for photovoltaic applications.

11

Manufacturing process and optical properties of zinc oxide thin films as photoanode in DSSC

Matysiak W., Tański T., Zaborowska M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 86, nr 1

33--40

EN

Purpose: It has been recently observed, that zinc oxide thin films are gaining much popularity, particularly in applications such as toxic gas sensors, photocatalytic materials and photovoltaic cells. Due to much better physical properties of ZnO compared to the ones of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is currently the most used material in dye sensitized solar cells, efforts are being made to fabricate DSSCs with thin films and/or nanostructures, including nanowires, nanofibres and nanoparticles of zinc oxide. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, zinc oxide thin films were prepared using sol-gel and spin coating methods from Zn(COO)2 x 2H2O dissolved in ethanol and acetic acid with ZnO monocrystalline nanoparticles of 0 and 10% (wt.) relative to the final concentration of produced solutions. The effect of calcination process on ZnO thin films at 600°C were examined using atomic force microscope to investigate the morphology of semiconductor coatings, infrared spectroscopy to prove the chemical structure of material. Besides, optical properties were analysed on the basis of absorbance in the function of wavelength spectra and the values of energy band gaps were studied. Findings: The topography analysis of ZnO thin films showed an increase in roughness with the increase of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the thin films material. In addition, the analysis of the optical properties of ZnO thin films showed a decrease in absorption level in the range of near-ultraviolet wavelength for the obtained layers after annealing. Research limitations/implications: It was found that ZnO thin films produced by spin coating and calcination method are a proper material for photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells, as zinc oxide layers provide better conductivity across the photovoltaic cell. Practical implications: The results provide the possibility of production DSSCs with zinc oxide thin films as photoanode. Originality/value: The dye-sensitized solar cells based on zinc oxide photoanodes could be alternative semiconductor material to titanium dioxide, which is used in nowadays solar cells. It was estimated that ZnO, especially zinc oxide nanostructures have much better physical properties, than TiO2 structures. What is more, zinc oxide thin layers are characterized by the lower energy losses resulting from the physical properties of such nanostructures, which results in more efficient solar energy into electricity conversion.

12

Deposition methods of TiO₂ on the glass and characterisation of conductive layer in DSSC

Dziedzic J., Kwaśnicki P., Marszałek L.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2018

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Vol. 59, nr 9

6--8

EN

This work is dedicated to dye – sensitized solar cells (DSSC) with particular emphasis on the structure of photoanode with conductive TiO₂ layer, deposition methods of TiO₂, optical and morphological characteristics of obtained films. The test results of DSSC cells produced in the ML System Laboratory concerning the influence of the thickness of active layers on a number of parameters determining the efficient operation of the cell. Research conducted by many scientific communities around the world confirms that such cells have a big advantage over commonly used silicon cells. The main reason is the relatively low cost of materials and the lack of the need for advanced manufacturing technologies. In addition, the use of a wide range of colors and opportunity to control a transparency creates the possibility of using DSSC as an element integrated with the facade of the building.

PL

Praca poświęcona jest barwnikowym ogniwom słonecznym (DSSC) – ich strukturze, ze szczególnym naciskiem na budowę fotoanody z warstwą półprzewodnika, metodom osadzania TiO₂, charakterystyce optycznej i morfologicznej otrzymanych filmów. Zamieszczono wyniki badań testowych ogniw DSSC wytworzonych w Laboratorium ML System S.A. dotyczących wpływu grubości warstw aktywnych na parametry określające ich sprawne działanie. Badania prowadzone przez wiele ośrodków naukowych potwierdzają, iż takie ogniwa mają dużą przewagę nad powszechnie stosowanymi ogniwami krzemowymi. Głównym powodem jest stosunkowo niski koszt materiałów i brak zapotrzebowania na zaawansowane technologie produkcyjne. Ponadto zastosowanie szerokiej gamy kolorów i kontrola transparentności stwarza możliwość wykorzystania DSSC jako elementu zintegrowanego z elewacją budynku.

13

Zastosowanie wybranych barwników organicznych w barwnikowych ogniwach słonecznych

Siedliska K., Zdyb A.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2016

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z. 63, nr 3

413--420

PL

Coraz większe potrzeby energetyczne świata oraz nacisk na aspekty ekologiczne wymuszają poszukiwanie nowych, bardziej efektywnych i tanich sposobów wytwarzania energii elektrycznej, stąd wynika wzrost zainteresowania w ostatnich latach barwnikowymi ogniwami słonecznymi (DSSC – Dye Sensitized Solar Cells). Głównym komponentem takiego ogniwa, który odpowiada za absorbcję promieniowania słonecznego padającego na jego powierzchnię, jest półprzewodząca warstwa nanocząstek TiO2 z zaadsorbowanym na niej barwnikiem. Barwnik działający jako sensybilizator jest adsorbowany na powierzchni ditlenku tytanu, ponieważ powoduje zwiększenie zakresu absorpcji promieniowania słonecznego przez oświetlaną elektrodę. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie wybranych barwników organicznych (alizaryny, chinizaryny, ktecholu, parabutylokatechiny) oraz dwóch technik wytwarzania warstwy półprzewodzącej nanocząstek TiO2 (nanoszenie z roztworu koloidalnego lub pasty) do budowy ogniw DSSC. Wyznaczono widma absorpcji światła dla poszczególnych barwników i zmierzono sprawności ogniw w zależności od rodzaju zastosowanego barwnika oraz metody wytworzenia warstwy TiO2. Każdy z badanych sensybilizatorów trwale adsorbuje się na nanocząstkach TiO2 w czasie jednej doby. Wykorzystanie danych komponentów do budowy ogniwa pozwoliło na uzyskanie najwyższej sprawności rzędu 0,272% w przypadku elektrody wykonanej z pasty oraz zaadsorbowanego na niej barwnika chinizaryny. Przedstawione w artykule wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić zasadność zastosowania wybranych barwników oraz konieczność dalszych badań nad zwiększeniem wydajności ogniw typu DSSC.

EN

Considering the increasing global demand for energy and the harmful ecological impact of the conventional energy sources, it is obvious that development of clean and renewable energy sources is a necessity. Nowadays, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) represent one of the most promising methods for future large-scale conversion sunlight into electricity. The main component of DSSC is the semiconducting layer of TiO2 nanoparticles with adsorbed dye, which is responsible for absorption of the solar radiation incidenting on the surface. Sensitizing dye is adsorbed onto the surface of titanium dioxide layer so as to increase the extent of absorption of solar radiation by irradiated electrode. In the following paper, application of four selected organic dyes (alizarin, catechol, quinizarin and 4-tertbutylocatechol) and two techniques of deposition the TiO2 nanoparticles mesoporous layers on conducting glass as electrodes (application from colloidal solution or paste) were studied. The light absorption spectrum was determined for each dye and the efficiency of the cells was measured depending on the type of dye and the deposition method of titanium dioxide conducting layer. Each sensitizer dye was adsorbed on TiO2 surface by dipping in a dye solution for one day. The use of selected components for the cell construction made it possible to achieve the highest efficiencies of 0.272%, which were obtained with electrodes covered by titanium paste and the quinizarin dye. The results of the research presented in the following paper allow to determine the validity of selected dyes and the necessity for further research on the issue of increasing the efficiency of DSSC type cells.

14

Investigation of sol-gel processed CuO/SiO2 nanocomposite as a potential photoanode material

Tenkyong T., Bachan N., Raja J., Kumar P. N., Shyla J. M.

Materials Science Poland

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2015

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Vol. 33, No. 4

826--834

EN

Synthesis and characterization of a highly efficient photoconductive nanocomposite comprising of two common metal oxides: copper oxide (CuO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2>/sub>) are being reported in this paper. The CuO/SiO2 nanocomposite has been synthesized using a cost-effective and facile sol gel route. The structural, chemical and optical properties of the prepared samples have been studied using various characterization techniques. The UV-Vis analysis revealed better absorption in the case of the nanocomposite as compared to its parent materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has been employed to determine the structural formation of the nanocomposite and the crystallite size with the use of Scherrer's formula. The photo conductivity study of the sample showed enhanced photocurrent in the case of nanocomposite as compared to its single components, thus, presenting it as a potential candidate for solar cell applications, especially as photoanode material in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC).

15

Influence of carbon nanotubes on properties of dye-sensitised solar cells

Dobrzański L. A., Wierzbicka A., Drygała A., Lukaszkowicz K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2015

|

Vol. 74, nr 1

32--44

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to examine the influence of carbon nanotubes on the properties of dye-sensitised solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: The research material consisted of samples of glass plates with a conductive layer of FTO onto which layers were subsequently deposited of TiO2 titanium dioxide and titanium dioxide with an absorbed dye, a high conductivity PEDOT:PSS polymer with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon black and graphite. Findings: The application of carbon nanotubes as one of electrodes in a dye-sensitised solar cell is significantly improving the effectiveness of the dye-sensitised solar cell being manufactured. Research limitations/implications: Carbon nanotubes are a good potential material for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Practical implications: Carbon nanotube electrodes feature high conductivity and high visible light transmission. Originality/value: It is possible to change a structure of a dye-sensitised solar cell by replacing the commonly used platinum in a counter electrode with another electrode permeable for visible light made of a high conductivity PEDOT:PSS polymer with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

16

Influence of titanium layer on counter electrode on electrical parameters of DSSC

Wachowiak W., Klein M., Skowroński Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektrotechnika / Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy

|

2014

|

z. 17

33--43

EN

In this paper the influence of the Ti layer thickness at counter-electrode on electrical parameters of DSSCs was examined. The transparent conductive oxide – less (TCO-less) counter electrodes (CE) with titanium layers and platinum as catalyst on Bk7 glass were prepared. Thin metallic films were deposited by means of magnetron sputtering (titanium) and Pulsed Laser Deposition (platinum). The counter electrode with Pt layer on Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) were used as reference PV cells. The obtained results indicated that the Ti coated cathodes may be used in transparent conductive oxide – less (TCO-less) dye sensitized solar cells as an alternative for Pt/FTO system.

PL

W przedstawionej pracy zbadano wpływ grubości warstwy Ti na przeciwelektrodzie na parametry elektryczne DSSC. Przygotowano nieprzezroczyste przeciwelektrody typu Transparent Conductive Oxide – less z warstwami tytanu na szkle Bk7 oraz FTO i platyny jako katalizatora. Cienkie filmy zostały osadzane na przeciwelektrodach z zastosowaniem rozpylania magnetronowego (Ti) oraz metodą osadzania za pomocą impulsów lasera (ang. Pulsed Laser Deposition, PLD) (Pt). Ogniwa z przeciwelektrodą z warstwą Pt naniesioną bezpośrednio na FTO zostały wykorzystane jako układy referencyjne. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że przeciwelektrody z warstwą Ti mogą być stosowane w barwnikowych ogniwach fotowoltaicznych typu TCO-less jako alternatywa dla standardowego systemu Pt/FTO.

17

Instalacja fotowoltaiczna z wykorzystaniem najnowszej technologii PV

Fal J., Stępień W., Cholewa M.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2013

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R. 59, nr 10

1093--1096

PL

Praca przedstawia projekt instalacji fotowoltaicznej, w skład której wchodzą technologie barwnikowych ogniw organicznych DSSC oraz krzemowe, wysokowydajne ogniwa typu back-contact. Oba rozwiązania opisano i scharakteryzowano ich zalety oraz wady. Projekt swym zasięgiem obejmuje południowo-wschodnią część budynku „K” Politechniki Rzeszowskiej W pracy przedstawiono również krótką charakterystykę warunków solarnych Rzeszowa na podstawie danych meteorologicznych ze stacji Rzeszów-Jasionka. Korzystając z oprogramowania PVSOL przeprowadzono symulację systemu pod kątem potencjalnych zysków energii, które porównano z aktualnymi potrzebami energetycznymi budynku.

EN

The paper presents the design of photovoltaic installation, which covers the south-eastern part of the building "K" of Rzeszów University of Technology. In this building there are rooms of the Department of Physics, being the initiator of the project. This work describes the Polish solar conditions, in particular Subcarpathian (Fig. 1) [3, 4, 11]. In the following characterizes key assumptions the design. There is described the principle of operation of photovoltaic technologies used with the advantages and disadvantages of each of them [15]. The basic parameters of the cells used in the project, together with the Energy Management System are characterized [13]. The paper presents design solutions fixing installations and drawings showing the appearance of the facade covered by installing a PV system (Figs. 4-9). Using the software PVSOL Valentin, the authors performed a simulation of the designed system for potential energy yields and estimated the theoretical efficiency of the installation for the parameters assumed in the project. The results are presented in the form of graphs and compared with the current energy needs of the building (Figs.10-11). Based on the obtained results, it was found that the designed system would only cover about 10% of the building electricity.

18

Performance of dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated using titania nanoparticles calcined at different temperatures

Kaur M., Verma N. K.

Materials Science Poland

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2013

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Vol. 31, No. 3

378--385

EN

Synthesis of titania (TiO2) nanoparticles by sol-gel method and their calcination at different temperatures, viz 450 C, 550 C and 650 C (defined as T450, T550 and T650) has been done. Structural analysis indicates that the T450 sample possesses anatase phase. The phase transformation to rutile starts occurring at T550, and, on increasing the calcination temperature, the crystallization and percentage of rutile phase increases. As the temperature increases from 450 to 650 C, the crystallite size increases by about a factor of two from 11.5 to 20.2 nm. From SEM micrographs, T550 electrode has been found to have appropriate aggregation, which led to enhanced dye desorption, as compared to T450 and T650 based electrodes. TEM images of the synthesized nanoparticles reveal that the particle size increases from 7 to 28 nm on increasing the calcination temperature from 450 to 650 C. From the photoluminescence and Fourier transform infrared studies, it has been concluded that the surface OH- groups are reduced on calcination, which affects the electron injection efficiency. The dye sensitized solar cell, fabricated using T550 sample, having a ratio of anatase/rutile 89:11, has been found to achieve the highest conversion efficiency.