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EN
Infrared detectors are usually characterized by 1/f noise when operating with biasing. This type of noise significantly reduces detection capabilities for low-level and slow signals. There are a few methods to reduce the influence of 1/f noise, like filtering or chopper stabilization with lock-in. Using the first one, a simple 1st-order analog low-pass filter built-in amplifier usually cuts off 1/f noise fluctuations at low frequencies. In comparison, the stabilization technique modulates the signal transposing to a higher frequency with no 1/f noise and then demodulates it back (lock-in amplifiers). However, the flexible tuned device, which can work precisely at low frequencies, is especially desirable in some applications, e.g., optical spectroscopy or interferometry. The paper describes a proof-of-concept of an IR detection module with an adjustable digital filter taking advantage of finite impulse response type. It is based on the high-resolution analog-to-digital converter, field-programmable gate array, and digital-to-analog converter. A microcontroller with an implemented user interface ensures control of such a prepared filtering path. The module is a separate component with the possibility of customization and can be used in experiments or applications in which the reduction of noises and unexpected interferences is needed.
EN
In this paper, a deadbeat control technique for single-phase inverters used in UPS applications is presented. For the suggested control approach to maintain sinusoidal output voltage for high dynamic performance even with load fluctuations, measurements of capacitor current and output voltage are necessary. By reducing the error between the output voltage and the voltage reference without adding more current sensors, the deadbeat controller improves the performance of the proposed controller. It also reduces load voltage distortion and restores the system state in the event of an external shutdown-loop road interference. We suggest a capacitor current estimation based on the Luenberger observer to address this flaw. PROCESSOR-IN-THE-LOOP The "P.I.L" test method, which can be thought of as an expensive system, enables us to create and evaluate controllers by running built-in C code on the DSP scheduled for the controller during simulated PSIM power phase control. To address this drawback, we propose a capacitor current estimation based on the Luenberger observer.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono algorytm sterowania martwym uderzeniem falowników jednofazowych do zastosowań w systemach zasilania awaryjnego (UPS). Proponowana metoda sterowania wymaga pomiaru prądu kondensatora i napięcia wyjściowego w celu utrzymania sinusoidalnego napięcia wyjściowego w celu uzyskania wysokiej wydajności dynamicznej nawet przy zmianach obciążenia. liczbę czujników prądu, a także eliminuje zniekształcenia napięcia obciążenia i przywraca stan systemu w przypadku zewnętrznej ingerencji w pętlę wyłączania drogowego. Aby rozwiązać ten problem, proponujemy oszacowanie prądu kondensatora na podstawie obserwatora Luenbergera. PROCESOR-W-PĘTLI „P.I.L” to metoda testowa, która pozwala nam tworzyć i oceniać kontrolery poprzez uruchomienie wbudowanego kodu C na DSP zaplanowanym dla kontrolera podczas symulowanej kontroli fazy mocy PSIM, co można uznać za kosztowny system , aby poradzić sobie z tą wadą, proponujemy oszacowanie prądu kondensatora na podstawie obserwatora Luenbergera.
EN
Laser beam intensity stabilisation is an essential process in most quantum applications. Laser light intensity is a critical parameter in many quantum experiments, such as quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology. Even small fluctuations in laser intensity can lead to errors in the results of these experiments. This paper presents robust laser beam intensity stabilization methods using open-source tools: Sinara modules and ARTIQ software.
PL
Stabilizacja intensywności wiązki laserowej jest niezbędnym procesem w większości zastosowań kwantowych. Intensyw ność światła laserowego jest krytycznym parametrem w wielu eksperymentach kwantowych, takich jak obliczenia kwantowe, komunikacja kwantowa i metrologia kwantowa. Nawet niewiel kie fluktuacje intensywności lasera mogą prowadzić do błędów w wynikach tych eksperymentów. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia skuteczną metodę stabilizacji intensywności wiązki laserowej z wykorzystaniem narzędzi open source: modułów Sinara i opro gramowania ARTIQ.
EN
The phenomenon of echo in the telecommunications channels is caused by the reflection of an electrical signal in a long line. In order to improve the quality of the transmitted sound, various adaptive filters are used to remove or at least reduce the level of the reflected delayed signal. However, such a process may result in a degradation in the quality of speech, although its intelligibility may not get worse. The work presents the results of subjective studies on assessing the quality of speech signals under the process of acoustic echo cancellation using different algorithms. The algorithms studied were: LMS (Least Mean Squares), NLMS (Normalized Least Mean Squares) and AP (Affine Projection). The study consisted of assessing the signal quality after applying the echo elimination process using the Degradation Category Rating method. A total of 312 signals were used in the test: 192 male speech and 120 female speech samples. Echo simulation was used using different delay times and levels of echo signal. Both types of speech have signal delay times of 20 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms and 200 ms with echo level values of -6 dB, -12 dB, -18 dB and -24 dB. In addition, for female speech signals, a delay time of 150 ms was introduced. The study involved 14 people aged between 18 and 38, including six women and eight men. All subjects had normal good hearing. Seven listeners had participated in subjective listening tests of the sound quality assessment previously. The listeners’ opinions were collected on prepared questionnaire. It was found that the highest ratings were given to the AP filter, while the worst ratings were featured the NLMS. It should also be noted that the range between the results obtained for AP and NLMS for female speech is smaller in comparison to male. It is also interesting that the discrepancy in ratings was greatest for a delay time of 100 ms for the AP filter and 200 ms for the LMS filter. It can therefore be concluded from the obtained results that, in the case of acoustic echo cancelation, AP filter introduced the lowest quality degradation while the LMS achieved slightly worse average ratings when compared to the AP filter . The NLMS filter characterized by the worst ratings, and in some cases received twice the quality degradation compared to the AP filter.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł zawiera opis implementacji zdefiniowanego programowo rejestratora sygnałów z pasma UKF-FM pozwalającego na równoczesną demodulację oraz zapis do 32 niezależnych emisji radiofonicznych. Urządzenie zrealizowano na bazie zestawu deweloperskiego ZYBO-Z7 z układem Zynq-7010 z dodanym autorskim front-endem w.cz. Przetwarzanie sygnału w domenie cyfrowej wykorzystuje zaawansowane techniki zrównoleglania. W artykule przedstawiono najciekawsze z zastosowanych rozwiązań.
EN
This paper describes the implementation of a software-defined VHF-FM broadcast acquisition system that allows for the simultaneous processing and recording of up to 32 independent radio emissions. The device is based on the ZYBO-Z7 development board containing the Zynq-7010 chip equipped with a custom RF front-end module. Signal processing in the digital domain has been implemented with advanced parallelization techniques. This paper presents the most interesting of the applied solutions.
PL
W artykule opisano konstrukcję pięcioosiowego robota hybrydowego składającego się z manipulatora równoległego i szeregowego, do budowy których, wykorzystano napędy PMSM. Zaprezentowano przyjęty model dynamiki robota oraz rozwiązanie zadania odwrotnego kinematyki wraz z pochodnymi. W wybranych platformach sprzętowych, typu FPGA i DSP, zaimplementowano algorytm śledzenia trajektorii układu sterowania robotem. Wyniki przeprowadzonych testów pozwoliły na analizę mocy obliczeniowej układów, i ich porównanie.
EN
The article describes the assembly of a five-axis hybrid robot consisting of the parallel and the serial manipulator, for the construction of which Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) were used. The adopted model of robot dynamics and the solution of the task of inverse kinematics with derivatives are presented. In selected hardware platforms, such as FPGA and DSP, the trajectory tracking algorithm of the robot control system has been implemented. The results of the tests carried out enabled the analysis of the computing power of the systems and their comparison.
EN
This work present an efficient hardware architecture of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for the classification of Hyperspectral remotely sensed data using High Level Synthesis (HLS) method. The high classification time and power consumption in traditional classification of remotely sensed data is the main motivation for this work. Therefore presented work helps to classify the remotely sensed data in real-time and to take immediate action during the natural disaster. An embedded based SVM is designed and implemented on Zynq SoC for classification of hyperspectral images. The data set of remotely sensed data are tested on different platforms and the performance is compared with existing works. Novelty in our proposed work is extend the HLS based FPGA implantation to the onboard classification system in remote sensing. The experimental results for selected data set from different class shows that our architecture on Zynq 7000 implementation generates a delay of 11.26 μs and power consumption of 1.7 Watts, which is extremely better as compared to other Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation using Hardware description Language (HDL) and Central Processing Unit (CPU) implementation.
8
Content available remote Steering structure for a single wheeled vehicle
EN
Nowadays, there is a need to reduce emissions in the world and use electricity to drive vehicles. There is an increasing interest in small passenger vehicles suitable for crowded cities. In this paper it was designed a universal control structure for a single-wheeled vehicle with a tilt sensor. In this structure is possible to apply a vehicle with parallel wheel arrangement. The paper describes a current and position loop with PI and PD controllers suitable for a single wheeled vehicle. It was designed a simple complementary filter for data processing. A complementary filter evaluate the data from accelerometer and gyroscope, which includes all signal processing requirements for control. Additionally, a program block diagram was also designed to be used in any microprocessor. The results and recommendations of the adjustment for further work with the proposed structure are evaluated in the end of the paper.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano system sterowania jednokołowym pojazdem elektrycznym stosowanym do poruszania się w zatłoczonym mieście. Do kontroli prądu i pozycji pojazdu zastosowano sterowniki PI i PD. Do kontroli ruchu zastosowano czujniki przyśpieszenia oraz pochyelnia ora żyroskop.
EN
Advancement in medical technology creates some issues related to data transmission as well as storage. In real-time processing, it is too tedious to limit the flow of data as it may reduce the meaningful information too. So, an efficient technique is required to compress the data. This problem arises in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), and other medical signal processing domains. In this paper, we demonstrate Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (BSBL) based compressive sensing technique on an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The efficiency of the algorithm is described using the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) value. Apart from this analysis we also use different combinations of sensing matrices too, to demonstrate the effect of sensing matrices on MSE and SSIM value. And here we got that the exponential and chi-square random matrices as a sensing matrix are showing a significant change in the value of MSE and SSIM. So, in real-time body sensor networks, this scheme will contribute a significant reduction in power requirement due to its data compression ability as well as it will reduce the cost and the size of the device used for real-time monitoring.
EN
Real-time data processing systems utilize Digital Signal Processing (DSP) functions as the base modules. Most of the DSP functions involve the implementation of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the signals from one domain to another domain. The major bottleneck of Decimation in frequency - Fast Fourier Transform (DIF-FFT) implementation lies in using a number of Multipliers. Distributed arithmetic (DA) is considered as one of the efficient techniques to implement DIF-FFT. In this approach, the multipliers are not used. The proposed technique exploits the very advantage of the look-up table by storing the Twiddle factors, thereby avoiding the multipliers required in the butterfly structure. DIF-FFT using Distributed Arithmetic (DIF-FFT DA) models, with different adders such as Ripple carry adder (RCA), Carry-lookahead adder (CLA), and Sklansky prefix graph adder, are proposed in this paper. The three proposed models are synthesized using Cadence 6.1 EDA tools with a 45nm CMOS technology. Compared to the traditional method, it is observed that the area is improved by 53.11%, 53.35%, and 50.15%, power is improved by 42.31%, 42.52%, and 40.39%, and delay is improved by 45.26%, 45.42%, 41.80%, respectively.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie modułu STM32F410 Nucleo do prezentacji działania algorytmów cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów (CPS, ang. DSP) w czasie rzeczywistym. W celu ułatwienia korzystania z modułu zaprojektowano dodatkową płytkę PCB (tzw. shield), posiadającą gniazda we/wy oraz układy wzmacniaczy. Przygotowany zestaw (moduł Nucleo + shield) umożliwia badania eksperymentalne z użyciem generatora sygnałowego i oscyloskopu lub systemu Analog Discovery 2. Do celów edukacyjnych opracowano zestaw instrukcji laboratoryjnych oraz oprogramowanie, które prezentują operacje cyfrowej generacji sygnałów, filtracji oraz obliczeń dyskretnej transformaty Fouriera za pomocą technik bezpośrednich, FFT i za pomocą algorytmu Goertzela.
EN
In this paper the use of the STM32F410 Nucleo module for presentation of the operation of digital signal processing algorithms (DSP) is discussed. In order to facilitate the use of the module, an additional PCB module (shield) has been designed, having I/O sockets and amplifier circuits. The Nucleo board with the shield enables experimental research using a signal generator and an oscilloscope or Analog Discovery 2 system. For educational purposes, a set of laboratory instructions and software has been developed, which present basic operations of digital signal generation, filtering and discrete Fourier transformation calculations using direct techniques, FFT, and the Goertzel algorithm.
12
Content available remote Projektowanie filtrów analogowych do modułów cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia dydaktyczne projektowania, symulacji oraz testowania analogowych filtrów wejściowych i wyjściowych przeznaczonych do układów cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów. Prace projektowe ułatwiają pakiety oprogramowania. Prototypowe filtry można testować z wykorzystaniem płytki stykowej lub modułów ewaluacyjnych np. System Lab Kit ASLK. W artykule pokazano możliwości szybkiego sprawdzenia poprawności działania takich filtrów za pomocą systemu Analog Discovery 2 oraz oprogramowania WaveForms.
EN
The article presents selected didactic issues of design, simulation, and testing of analog input and output filters intended for digital signal processing systems. The design process of such filters is facilitated by software packages. Designed filters can be tested using the so-called breadboard or evaluation modules, e.g., System Lab Kit ASLK. The possibility of quickly checking the correctness of such filters using the Analog Discovery 2 system and the WaveForms software has been shown.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję filtru aktywnego z zasobnikiem energii przystosowanego do kompensacji chwilowych dużych obciążeń mocą czynną i bierną o nieciągłym charakterze jej poboru (np. zgrzewarek punktowych). Zadaniem układu, oprócz typowych możliwości filtracyjnych jest również realizacja ciągłości poboru energii z linii zasilającej - ograniczenie wahań mocy czynnej. Artykuł omawia algorytm sterowania układem, opracowany za pomocą programu Matlab & Simulink, który następnie automatycznie przeniesiono ze środowiska symulacyjnego na zrealizowany na potrzeby eksperymentu układ sterownika DSP. Skuteczność przeprowadzonego procesu programowania potwierdzono w wyniku testów HIL, na stanowisku symulatora czasu rzeczywistego RTS.
EN
This paper presents a novel active power filter equipped with an energy storage system. Solution can be used for compensation of singlephase, high active and reactive momentary power loads. Characterized by non-periodic power flow (e.g. spot-welders). Apart from typical filtration capabilities, the device is responsible for continuous energy flow from the mains and reduction of active power fluctuations. The article provide comprehensive description of control algorithm, developed in Matlab & Simulink environment, which was automatically transferred from the simulation model to the DSP controller - especially developed for this purpose. The effectiveness of the programming process was confirmed during HIL tests, carried out on real time simulator RTS.
14
Content available Radiolokacyjny imitator celu
PL
W referacie opisano zaprojektowany i wykonany praktycznie jednokanałowy imitator sygnałów radiolokacyjnych, który pozwala na generację sygnału odbitego od celu o zadanej trajektorii, dla pasma częstotliwości pośredniej. Przedstawione w referacie stanowisko może być wykorzystane do weryfikacji analogowego traktu przetwarzania sygnału radiolokacyjnego na częstotliwości pośredniej oraz algorytmów DSP wykorzystywanych do estymacji współrzędnych imitowanego celu.
EN
The paper describes a single channel imitator for radar signals which was designed and made practically to generate a signal reflected from an aerial target with a given trajectory on the intermediate frequency band. Presented setup can be used to verify the analog channel for radar signal processing at intermediate frequencies and the DSP algorithms used to estimate coordinates of the imitated target.
EN
This article discusses the use of wavelet decomposition in the diagnostics of vibrometric signals of an engine. Apart from presenting the possibility of using wavelets in diagnostics, the authors take up the subject of the applicability range of processing for stationary signals, which until now has been reserved for non-stationary signals. A unified definition of signal stationarity has been proposed, which is not based on statistics. The authors presented methods of wavelet decomposition of a vibrometric signal of combustion engine vibrations, measured with the use of LDV (Laser Doppler Vibrometry). Laser measurements allows for studying an object without 'touching' its housing. Basing on the relative velocity of engine vibrations, the authors indicate how reliable vibrations are in diagnostics. Despite higher costs, this measurement method gives better results (for specific cases) than acoustic studies. Transform – wavelet decomposition is a solution hardly ever used in machine diagnostics; it is more often applied in medicine and image recognition. The authors presented the differences that can be obtained for different levels of decomposition, and also presented the impact on the engine condition assessment through the use of filtering (windowing) the signal before decomposition.
EN
The study presents results and procedure of object-oriented and test-driven implementation of neural-network-based state estimator. The presented algorithm has been developed for estimation of the state variables of the mechanical part of electric drive with elastic coupling. Estimated state variables – load speed and shaft stiffness torque – can be used in speed control process for reducing mechanical vibrations of working machine. The basic objective was to create a simple, extensible and readable program code, performing the task of state estimation of the considered system. The target platform is a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) from SHARC (Super Harvard architecture Single-Chip Computer) family, which allows for hardware acceleration of matrix operations. The IDE (Integrated Development Environment) available for the selected platform made it possible to write program in C++. The usage of UML (Unified Modelling Language) in the development of control software was discussed.
EN
Dinophysis species are distributed worldwide and cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). This paper documents the first successful culture of a Dinophysis (DAYS01) strain taken off Xiaoping Island, the Yellow Sea, China. The strain was identified as Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann by morphological and phylogenetic analysis. The effects of temperature and different Mesodinium prey on the physiological and toxigenic characteristics of D. acuminata DAYS01 were also investigated. The results showed that the toxin concentration (toxin amount per ml of culture) increased with an increase in cell densities. Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin 1 (DTX1) and pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2) were the major toxin components of DAYS01, with the highest recorded toxin content of 5.66, 0.56 and 192.87 ng ml-1 culture medium, respectively. The prey type significantly influenced the growth yield in Dinophysis cultures. There was an effect of prey on the total toxin content, suggesting that the origin or strain of ciliate directly impacted the D. acuminata blooms and the overall toxin concentration in the system.
PL
W artykule omówiono najważniejsze aspekty cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów cyfrowych w diagnostyce silników spalinowych. Omówiono zmianę dziedziny czasu do dziedziny częstotliwości, a także wykorzystanie filtrowania (zarówno w dziedzinie czasu, jak i częstotliwości), wspomagającego właściwą analizę sygnału. Przedstawiono praktyczne zastosowanie wymienionych aspektów CPS na przykładzie analizy sygnałów wibroakustycznych silnika, mierzonych z użyciem laserowej wibrometrii dopplerowskiej, jak i akcelerometrii. Przedstawione przykłady dotyczą zarówno silnika zamontowanego w pojeździe, jak i pomiarów wykonanych na hamowni silnikowej.
EN
The article discusses the most important aspects of digital signal processing in diagnostics of internal combustion engines. It discusses changing the time domain into the frequency domain, as well as the use of filtering (both time and frequency) to support proper signal analysis. The practical application of these aspects of DSP is illustrated by the analysis of vibroacoustic signals of the engine, measured using laser Doppler vibrometry and accelerometry systems.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia projekt platformy testowej dla wybranych systemów cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów (CPS). Układ jest podstawą do realizacji dalszych prac naukowych nad implementacją i badaniem dedykowanych metod i systemów CPS. Opisane zostały minimalne wymagania sprzętowe i peryferia niezbędne do realizacji zadania oraz zaproponowano gotowy zestaw uruchomieniowy (rozwojowy) firmy TerasIC jako podstawę platformy. Zaprezentowany został również schemat blokowy układu testowego z pełnym dostępem do danych wejściowych i wyjściowych z poziomu komputera. Ostatecznie działanie platformy zostało zweryfikowane przy implementacji potokowego systemu CPS.
EN
In this paper presents design of the test platform for selected digital signal processing systems (DSP). The system is basis to realization of further scientific work on implementation and testing of dedicated DSP methods and systems. Describes the minimum of hardware and peripherals, necessary to realization of the task and is proposed development board (kit) by TerasIC as a base platform. It is also presented schema of software solutions of test system with full access to input and output data (signal) from the computer. Finally, work of the platform has been verified with implementation original methods of pipeline DSP system.
PL
W artykule omówiono nowy sposób korekcji sygnału wyjściowego cyfrowego integratora stosowanego w cyfrowym przetwarzaniu sygnałów (DSP) opartego na błędzie próbkowania oraz na pochodno-całce Grünwalda-Letnikova. W artykule zaprezentowano teorię i przykładowe wyniki symulacji działania integratora.
EN
The paper presents a new approach for output signal correction of digital integrator in the field of digital signal processing (DSP) based on an error of sample time and the Grünwald-Letnikov differ integrals. Theory and simulation results of integrator work are shown in the paper.
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