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Modelling of the Effect of Concentrated Nitration Conditions on the Efficiency of the Production of ,7-Dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT)

Hadi Z., Esmaeilpour K., Damiri S., Afzali A., Keshavarz M. H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2018

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Vol. 15, no. 1

72--84

EN

3,7-Dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane (DPT) is one of the most important intermediates in the synthesis of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). A suitably modified Bachmann process, nitrolysis of solid hexamine in the presence of ammonium nitrate-nitric acid and acetic anhydride on a laboratory scale, is introduced to increase the efficiency, production capacity and purity of the DPT produced. Various quantitative and qualitative analytical methods were used for the identification and quality control of the product. A central composite design (CCD) of experiments was used to optimize the production process, increasing the production capacity, reducing the amount of acetic acid as the reaction medium to a suitable limit, and examining the effects of the main factors impacting on the efficiency of the nitration, e.g. the volume of ammonium nitrate-nitric acid solution, nitration temperature reactor addition time and volume of acetic anhydride. The overall results indicated that DPT was obtained with an efficiency of 64.58% and a production capacity of 20.77 (100 g·mL−1).

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Synthesis of HMX via Nitrolysis of DPT Catalyzed by Acidic Ionic Liquids

He Z., Luo J., Lu Ch., Xu R., Li J.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2011

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Vol. 8, nr 2

83-91

EN

The direct nitrolysis of DPT to synthesize HMX with ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts was investigated. The results showed that [Et3NH] HSO4 was the best catalyst among 18 ILs used and the yield of HMX was up to 61% against 45% without IL. The ILs could be effciently recovered by simple distillation and extraction after reaction without any apparent loss of catalytic activity even after 10 times recycling.

3

Issues of DPT efficiency in various traffic conditions

Jajszczyk A., Szymański A., Wajda K.

Archiwum Informatyki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej

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2001

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T. 13, z. 3

219-230

EN

DPT is an emerging transport technology which attracts engineers by its simplicity, distributed management, support for QoS and enhanced resilience features. DPT offers flexible bandwidth sharing by using SRP-fa protocol. However, complex interference between high and Iow priority traffic service in nodes may lead to some problems. DPT features allow to predict system performance by using static flow approach in certain cases but detailed system behaviour should be studied by running simulation experiments. The paper surveys basic features of the DPT technology and shows special cases of traffic assignment that can lead to a significant degradation of network performance when a failure occurs.

PL

DPT jest nową technologią przesyłu, która dzięki uwzględnieniu zróżnicowanej jakości usług, prostocie, rozproszonemu zarządzaniu i dużej elastyczności przyciąga uwagę użytkowników. DPT oferuje zmienną szerokość pasma dzielonego przy użyciu protokołu SRP-fa. Nakładanie się w węzłach obsługi ruchu o niskim i wysokim priorytecie może jednak powodować problemy. Cechy DPT pozwalają w pewnych przypadkach przewidzieć wydajność systemu przy użyciu statycznego rachunku natężenia ruchu, ale szczegółowe zachowanie systemu powinno być badane przy użyciu symulacji. Artykuł dokonuje przeglądu podstawowych cech technologii DPT i pokazuje specjalne przypadki, które mogą doprowadzić do znaczącego spadku wydajności sieci w przypadku wystąpienia błędu.