Hyperpolarized 13C tracers offer a radiation-free option for metabolic imaging. Signal enhancement of an order of several thousand times with the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique allows the detection of these tracers and their immediate metabolites in living organisms with MRI/MRSI (magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging) methods in real time and with high temporal resolution. The initial ‘target’ application for DNP hyperpolarized tracers was prostate cancer, a condition that could hardly be diagnosed with the FDG PET. However, several Phase 2 clinical trials currently involve not only patients with prostate cancer but also pancreatic cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, transient ischemic attack, glioblastoma multiforme, mycosis fungiodes (skin cancer), and chronic heart failure. A large number of trials that started in the last three years indicate that there could be a potential for the application of hyperpolarized 13C labeled pyruvate in the diagnosis of several conditions other than prostate cancer. One limitation for the hyperpolarized 13C-labelled tracers is their relatively short half-life. In this review, we discuss several emerging strategies for increasing tracer’s lifetime that could allow either their transportation between facilities or improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the final acquisition. We also discuss some promising diagnostic applications.
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Zastosowanie kontrastów hiperpolaryzacyjnych jest znaczącym krokiem w rozszerzeniu zastosowań MRI w zakresie obrazowania molekularnego. W artykule przedstawiono niezbędne i zalecane wyposażanie pracowni prowadzącej badania z wykorzystaniem kontrastów hiperpolaryzacyjnych, a także proces przygotowania próbki do hiperpolaryzacji.
EN
The application of hyperpolarized contrasts in MRI is a step towards molecular imaging. This article discusses the prerequisites and recommended laboratory apparatus for implementing hyperpolarized contrast agents’ use in diagnostics. The process of sample preparation is described and basic concepts in DNP polarization are introduced.
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