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1

Direct hydrometallurgical separation of Zn(II) from brine leaching solution of zinc filter cake by simple solvent extraction process

Balesini-Aghdam Ali-Asghar, Yoozbashizadeh Hossein, Moghaddam Javad

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 3

667--678

EN

The zinc leaching filter cake residue as a secondary resource is used for hydrometallurgical lead production from brine (chloride) media. In this method, zinc accumulation caused decrease in the lead leaching efficiency in feed solution as well as a defective cycle flowsheet in production process. Therefore, an experiment was designed for the solvent extraction (SX) of zinc from brine solution after lead cementation stage. The results indicated that approximately 98% zinc with a little contamination of other metals was extracted under optimum conditions (193.5 g.dm-3 of D2EHPA in kerosene as diluent, pH=3.5, contact time=5 min, temperature=40±2 °C and aqueous: organic ratio (A:O)=1:1). Also, according to the differences of ∆pH0.5 and separation factor values among Zn and other ions, D2EHPA as an organophosphorous extractant has suitable capability for zinc selective extraction from brine solution. Moreover, H2SO4 solution which was used for stripping to transfer Zn2+ ions to zinc conventional production sulphate media achieved high efficiency of 99%. McCabe-Thiele diagram was simulated to counter-current extraction route. The results showed that two stages were needed for both extraction and stripping.

2

Synthesis of Polymer Inclusion Membranes based on Cellulose Triacetate for Recovery of Lanthanum(III) from Aqueous Solutions

Makowka Adam, Pospiech Beata

Autex Research Journal

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2019

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Vol. 19, no. 3

288--292

EN

Polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing cellulose triacetate (CTA) as a polymer matrix and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer was developed. This membrane also contained di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the carriers of metal ions. The facilitated transport of lanthanum(III) from aqueous nitrate(V) solutions across PIM was studied. It was observed that metal ions were transported from the source phase into 2M H2SO4 as the receiving phase. The transport through PIM with D2EHPA as the ion carrier was found as the more effective method of lanthanum(III) removal from the aqueous solution than transport through PIM with TBP as the ion carrier.

3

Abexperimental analysis of the transport mechanism of chromium(III) ions in the polymer inclusion membrane system stract

Rajewski J., Łobodzin P.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2016

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no. 1

105--117

EN

The paper presents an experimental analysis of the mechanism of chromium(III) ion transport in a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). First of all, the influence of the carrier concentration on chromium(III) transport kinetics through polymer inclusion membranes is investigated. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as a carrier. The initial Cr(III) concentration was changed. The authors indicate that the transport efficiency of Cr(III) depends on the D2EHPA concentration in the PIM. Regardless of the initial chromium(III) concentration, for experimental conditions, there was an optimal range of carrier concentration, somewhere between 30–50% v/v, for which the process was the most effective. The authors propose the “jumping” transport as the dominant transport mechanism in the investigated system.

PL

W pracy dokonano eksperymentalnej analizy mechanizmu transportu jonów chromu(III) w polimerowej membranie inkluzyjnej (PIM). W pierwszej kolejności zbadano wpływ stężenia przenośnika na kinetykę transportu jonów chromu (III) przez polimerową membrane inkluzyjną. Jako przenośnika jonów Cr(III) użyto kwasu di(2-etylkoheksylo) fosforowego (D2EHPA). Badania prowadzono przy różnym stężeniu początkowym jonów chromu. Autorzy wskazują, że efektywność transportu jest zależna od stężenia D2EHPA w PIM. Niezależnie od początkowego stężenia Cr(III) w warunkach prowadzenia badań wyznaczono zakres stężeń przenośnika 30–50% v/v, przy których transport zachodził najefektywniej. Zaproponowano mechanizm przeskokowy jako transport dominujący.

4

Kinetics of chromium(iii) transport through the double-carrier supported liquid membrane

Religa P., Rajewski J., Lobodzin P.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2016

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Vol. 52, iss. 1

87--97

EN

The kinetics of chromium(III) transport through a supported liquid membrane containing both a di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex272) as an ions carrier was investigated. It was found that under a characteristic concentration of the carriers into the organic phase membrane provides much higher efficiency than the membrane containing only one of the extractants. In the studied system the optimal carrier concentration in the membrane is 0.16 mol/dm3 and 0.9 mol/dm3 for Cyanex272 and D2EHPA, respectively. Moreover, the authors indicate that only D2EHPA can act as an individual carrier in the membrane. In the case of Cyanex272 the stable structures with chromium(III) ions are formed in the membrane, which prevents effective re-extraction. Additionally, intensive stirring of an aqueous phase in another factor that has a positive influence on the transport kinetics in the double-carrier membrane. Increasing a stirring rate up to 1200 rpm shortens the process time and allows total re-extraction of chromium.

5

Modelowy opis separacji jonów Cr(III) z mieszaniny Cr(III)/Cr(VI) w układzie z ciekłą membraną immobilizowaną (SLM)

Rajewski J., Zalewski M., Gierycz P.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2015

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Nr 4

198--200

PL

W pracy przedstawiono model matematyczny separacji jonów Cr(III) z mieszaniny Cr(III)/Cr(VI) przyjmując jako założenie, że efekt końcowy procesu transportu w SLM uzależniony jest głównie od nagromadzenia substancji pośrednich w membranie (typowa cecha reakcji następczych nieodwracalnych) Stwierdzono, iż obecność jonów Cr(VI) ma negatywny wpływ na kinetykę i efektywność separacji. Zwiększenie burzliwości układu niweluje niekorzystny wpływ jonów Cr(VI). W efekcie uzyskano zadowalającą kompatybilność wyników eksperymentalnych z przebiegami modelowymi.

EN

Based on the assumption that a transport process result in the SLM, in particular, depends on accumulation of intermediate products in the membrane (a typical feature of consecutive first-order reactions), a mathematical model of Cr(III) from Cr(III)/Cr(VI) mixture separation is proposed. It was found that the presence of Cr(VI) has a negative impact on transport kinetics and separation efficiency. The increase of solution turbulence reduces this negative effect. A satisfactory compatibility of experiments and model results were obtained.

6

Struktura przenośnika jako czynnik determinujący mechanizm transportu chromu(III) w membranie ciekłej

Rajewski J., Religa P., Gierycz P.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2014

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Nr 4

286--287

PL

Zbadano zjawisko powstawania wody w membranie ciekłej zawierającej D2EHPA oraz CYANEX272 w roli przenośników jonów. W układzie zachodzi micelizacja cząsteczek D2EHPA, a w powstających agregatach tworzą się przestrzenie/kanały transportowe umożliwiające przepływ jonów Cr(III). CYANEX 272 nie tworzy tak rozbudowanych struktur. Opisany mechanizm transportu stanowić będzie podstawę teoretyczną do opracowania modelu matematycznego dla transportu jonów Cr(III) w badanym układzie z SLM.

EN

A phenomenon of water formation in the liquid membrane containing D2EHPA and CYANEX272 as ions carriers was investigated in the paper Micellization of the D2EHPA particles occurs in the system. Transportation spaces/channels are formed inside created aggregates allowing the flow c Cr(III) ions. CYANEX 272 does not create such large structures. This transportation mechanism should provide a theoretical basis for the mathematical model of Cr (III) transportation in the system studied.

7

Selective chromium III/VI separation in polymer inclusion membrane system

Rajewski J., Religa P., Wojasiński M., Gierycz P.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2014

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Vol. 5, no. 1

15--19

EN

Analyze of chromium(III) transport process from mixtures of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions with polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) system have been done. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) have been used as a carrier. It was found that the transport efficiency in PIM is dependent on the carrier concentration in the membrane. It was found that there is an optimal range of carrier concentration in the membrane, which ensures rapid and efficient transport. In studied system optimal D2EHPA concentration was in range between 0,9- 1,5 mol/dm3. Membrane worked as selective barrier for Cr(VI) ions. However increase of Cr(VI) concentration above 0,0005 mol/dm3 negatively influenced Cr(III) transport. It was caused by degradation of the polymer inclusion membrane made of cellulose triacetate (CTA) . Strongly oxidizing Cr(VI) ions can damage polymer inclusion membrane with CTA matrix. The chemical attack of strongly oxidant Cr(VI) ions could lead either to hydrolysis of the pendant acetyl group or to oxidation of polymer backbone leading to chain scission. Moreover, oxidation is accelerated at high concentration of Cr(VI) ions. The membrane containing D2EHPA as a carrier can be recommended for selective separation of Cr(III) ions only from diluted Cr(VI)/Cr(III) mixtures. However the polymer inclusion membrane need a change the polymer matrix.

8

Transport of Cr(III) through a supported liquid membrane

Łobodzin P., Religa P., Rajewski J.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2013

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nr 2

177--186

EN

In this study, facilitated transport of Cr(III) ions through supported liquid membrane (SLM) was investigated. As a carrier di-nonylonaphthalenesulfonic acid (DNNSA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were used. Additionally, the effect of carrier concentration in the membrane on ion transport was observed and the optimum concentration of carriers was determined. The most effective transport of Cr(III) ions across SLM consisting of 15% D2EHPA and 25% DNNSA was found. The facilitated transport of chromium in the SLM system depended on the type of carrier, its concentration, and the pH value of the aqueous solutions.

PL

W pracy zbadano transport przenośnikowy jonów Cr(III) w układzie z immobilizowaną membraną ciekłą (SLM). Jako przenośników jonów użyto kwasu di(2-etyloheksylo) fosforowego (D2EHPA) oraz kwasu dinonylonaftaleno fosforowego (DNNSA). Zbadano wpływ stężenia przenośnika na kinetykę transportu jonów Cr(III). Określono optymalne stężenia dla przenośników, przy którym transport zachodził najefektywniej. Dla D2EHPA wynosiło ono 15%, natomiast dla DNNSA 25%. Stwierdzono, że transport jonów Cr(III) przez SLM jest zależny przede wszystkim od rodzaju i stężenia przenośnika w membranie. Na wydajność procesu ma również wpływ pH.

9

The synergistic effect on Cr(III) ions transport through SLM with carrier mixtures

Łobodzin P., Rajewski J.

Problemy Eksploatacji

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2013

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nr 3

37--44

EN

Transport of Cr(III) ions through a mix carrier supported liquid membrane (SLM) was studied. A mixture of D2EHPA and Cyanex272 was used as a carrier. It was observed that the effectiveness of the process depends on the concentration ratio of carriers in the liquid phase. There is a threshold concentration of the carriers in the membrane phase, above which the efficiency was decreased. The threshold concentration of carriers mixtures for Cr(III) ions transport was obtained when 30% of D2EHPA was added to the 5% of Cyanex272. This composition allows one to shorten the time from 5 to 1.5 hours and to remove ~98% of Cr(III). The value of flux increased 3-fold and the effectiveness also increased.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania transportu jonów Cr(III) przez dwuprzenośnikową immobilizowaną membranę ciekłą. Do transportu jonów Cr(III) zastosowano mieszaninę przenośników Cyanex272 i D2EHPA. Stwierdzono, że efektywność procesu zależy od stosunku stężeń przenośników w fazie membranowej. Zaobserwowano wzrost efektywności przenoszenia jonów Cr(III), jednak do pewnego progowego stężenia drugiego przenośnika w membranie, po przekroczeniu którego wydajność spadała. W układzie z Cyanex272 i D2EHPA dla transportu Cr(III) przez SLM ich progowe stężenia to odpowiednio 5% i 30%. Membrana o takim składzie umożliwia trzykrotne zwiększenie strumienia, a tym samym zwiększa się efektywność procesu. Czas trwania procesu został skrócony z 5 h (dla samego D2EHPA) do 1,5 h, co umożliwiło usunięcie ~98% chromu z roztworu.

10

Separation of nickel and zinc ions in a synthetic acidic solution by solvent extraction using D2EHPA and Cyanex 272

Gharabaghi M., Irannajad M., Azadmehr A. R.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2013

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Vol. 49, iss. 1

233--242

EN

Solvent extraction was used to recover nickel and zinc from synthetic acidic solution. Many leaching solution and waste waters contain both zinc and nickel at the same time. Bis (2,4,4trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were used to separate nickel and zinc. In the D2EHPA system, at equilibrium pH of 2, zinc extraction was more than 98% whereas nickel extraction was only 0.36%. The extraction of metals was found to increase with an increase of pH of the aqueous phase. At equilibrium pH 3.5, zinc extraction was completed and higher than 99% zinc was extracted using Cyanex 272. The maximum nickel extractions using D2EHPA and Cyanex 272 were achieved at equilibrium pH 4.5 and 7.5, respectively. Both extractants showed the relatively good separation levels between nickel and zinc. D2EHPA and Cyanex 272 isotherms for single metal solutions showed that the extraction order was Zn2+>Ni2+. ΔpH1/2 value showed that the separation of nickel and zinc using Cyanex 272 was simpler than D2EHPA system. The stripping study was performed using sulphuric acid and it was shown that above 98% zinc and nickel could be extracted. These results demonstrated separation of zinc and nickel from sulphate solutions to be favorable.

11

Studies on iron(III) removal from chloride aqueous solutions by solvent extraction and transport through polymer inclusion membranes with D2EHPA

Pośpiech B., Walkowiak W.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2010

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Vol. 44

195-204

EN

The removal of iron(III) from chloride acidic aqueous solutions in solvent extraction and transport through polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) has been studied. D2EHPA was used as the extractant/ion carrier in these processes. The extraction of Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) with 0.5 M D2EHPA was: 73.4 %, 11.2 %, 15.3 %, 7.8 % and 23.9 %, respectively. Separation factors (S) for metal ions were calculated and reported. The transport across PIM containing cellulose triacatate (CTA) as the support and o-nitrophenyl octylether (ONPOE) as the plasticizer was found to be the effective and selective method of Fe(III) ions removal from aqueous chloride solutions containing Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) ions. The stability of PIMs was also studied. Present studies indicate that the transport across PIM has the long term integrity.

PL

Zbadano proces usuwania żelaza(III) z wodnych roztworów chlorkowych zawierających w procesie ekstrakcji cieczowej i transportu przez polimerowe membrany inkluzyjne (PIMs). W roli ekstrahenta/przenośnika jonów użyto kwasu di(2-etyloheksylo)fosforowego (D2EHPA). Procent ekstrakcji jonów Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) i Co(II) za pomocą 0,5 m D2EHPA wynosił odpowiednio: 73.4 %, 11.2 %, 15.3 %, 7.8 % i 23.9 %. Obliczono i przedstawiono także współczynnik separacji (S) poszczególnych metali. Stwierdzono, że transport przez polimerową membranę zawierającą trioktan celulozy (CTA) w roli polimerowej matrycy, eter o-nitrofenylooktylowy (ONPOE) jako plastyfikator i D2EHPA jest efektywną i selektywna metodą usuwania jonów Fe(III) z wodnych roztworów chlorkowych zawierających jony Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) i Co(II). Wyniki badań wskazują na stosunkowo długi okres trwałości tych membran w tych warunkach.

12

Application of D2EHPA for manganese(II) and nickel(II) separation by solvent extraction and polymer inclusion membranes

Pośpiech B., Walkowiak W., Ulewicz M.

Ars Separatoria Acta

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2004

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No. 3

72-80

EN

The separation of manganese(II) and nickel(II) from chloride solution with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was studied. The metal ions were separated using solvent extraction and transport through polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) with D2EHPA as the extractant/ion carrier. The aqueous solutions consisted of 0.010 M manganese(II) and nickel(II) chlorides. The influence of aqueous phase pH on the separation of Mn(II) and Ni(II) has been investigated. Mn(II) can be selectively removed from chloride solution at equilibrium pH equal to 2.90. From the organic phase, Mn(II) was stripped with 0.1-2.0 M aqueous solutions of HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3. The competitive transport of Mn(II) and Ni(II) through PIMs was studied as a function of the ion carrier and plasticizer concentration in the membrane.