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Evaluating the Total Phenolic, Protein Contents, Antioxidant and Pharmacological Effects of Cynodon dactylon Extracts Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Ibrahim Muhammad, Riaz Moazama, Ali Akbar, Shaheen Musarat, ur Rahman Shafiq, Aziz Riffat, Alamri Abdulhakeem S., Alhomrani Majid, Dablool Anas S., Alghamdi Saad, Sameeh Manal Y., Tashkandi Manal A.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2023

Vol. 25, nr 3

110--119

The study was aimed to characterize the antioxidant and anti-microbial activities of Cynodon dactylon with special reference on its precise biochemical analysis. Physiological analysis that total carotenoids content (0.3884 ± 0.0172 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (6.1460 ± 0.2915 mg/g), total phenolic contents (13.4703 ± 0.1494 mg/g), chlorophyll a (3.7708 ± 0.1528 mg/g, catalase (CAT) contents (40.2844 ± 0.1515 units/ mg), total anthocyanin contents (5.0166 ± 0.2966 g–1 FW) total soluble proteins (2.9916 ± 0.1734 mg/g) and total flavonoids content (TFC) (4.7863 ± 0.0442 μg/g) was found higher in the leaves of the Cynodon dactylon whereas, chlorophyll b (2.4881 ± 0.1326 mg/g) was found higher in the stem of Cynodon dactylon, while, peroxidase (POD) contents (81.8763 ± 4.6609 units/mg) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity (80.4346 ± 5.9367 units/mg) was investigated higher in roots of Cynodon dactylon. The anti-microbial activity of Cynodon dactylon extracts was performed using a good diffusion technique against two microbial strains. Among all the plant extracts, the methanolic extracts showed a maximum inhibition zone (26.87 mm) against anti-bacterial strain Escherichia coli whereas n-hexane extract showed a maximum inhibition zone (17.88 mm) against anti-fungal strain Candida albicans. This study reported the antimicrobial activity of Cynodon dactylon against some common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, which are highly associated with nosocomial infection. From the given results it is concluded that Cynodon dactylon could be exploited in pharmacology due to its antioxidant and anti-microbial properties.

Biological synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle from Cynodon dactylon

Renitta R. E., Jebaseeli T. J., Dhanaraj A., Paul S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2022

Vol. 113, nr 1

31--41

Purpose: There are several advantages of using a biological technique to produce nanoparticles versus a chemical method. The primary goal of this work is to characterize and biologically synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from Cynodon dactylon. The characterization has experimented with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, EDX analysis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Design/methodology/approach: The suggested study uses a simple biological technique to accomplish the systematic biological synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extract and titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to confirm the fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The plant extract as well as titanium-based nanoparticles of the herb, Cynodon dactylon will be tested for its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. This eco-friendly technique for nanoparticle synthesis is straightforward and adaptable to major commercial manufacturing and technological applications. Findings: Cynodon dactylon biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is efficient, nutrition dependent, does not employ hazardous compounds, and happens at neutral pH levels. The antibacterial study results show that TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using Cynodon dactylon have good antibacterial properties. TiO2 nanoparticle method of action against bacteria is unknown. This is an alternative process for synthesising TiO2 nanoparticles, apart from other chemical protocols, since this is quick and non-toxic. The antimicrobial property of biologically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii was tested at four different doses of 15 μl/mg, 25 μl/mg, 50 μl/mg, and 75 μl/mg. The present results revealed the 75 μl/mg concentration got the highest zone of inhibition (15, 13, 15 mm) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Research limitations/implications: Many nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are firmly agglomerated with each other in the study. TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region of 200 to 400 nm. XRD measurements confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the biologically produced sample. In our work, EDX was used to confirm the existence of Ti after its synthesis by Cynodon dactylon. Practical implications: The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extracts exhibit a good potent antibacterial activity. The proposed results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles are well suited for biomedical applications. Originality/value: The suggested research identifies several eco-friendly, biological, and cost-effective procedures for manufacturing nano-coated herbal products. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess antibacterial activities toward test pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.

Roadside Plants as Possible Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in Turkey

Aksoy A., Celik A., Ozturk M., Tulu M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2000

Vol. 7, nr 10

991-996

Cynodon dactylon, Nerium oleander and Pinus brutia a herb, a shrub and a tree; are very commonly met alongside the roads in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Since roadside plants in this region are under a great pressure of traffic, an attempt was made to determine lead and cadmium accumulation in the species cited above. During summer, a peak traffic season in the Mediterranean above ground parts of C. dactylon, leaves of N. oleander and bark of P. brutia were collected between 0-5 m distance from 15 localities alongside the roads. These were subjected to an analysis in unwashed form. Results obtained revealed that Pb and Cd varied between 4.65-106.30 and 0.165-1.615 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The highest accumulation was in C. dactylon followed by leaves of N. oleander. Bark of P. brutia showed the lowest values.

Cynodon dactylon, Nerium oleander i Pinus brutia to, odpowiednio, trawa, krzew i drzewo; są one stosunkowo dobrze poznanymi roślinami przydrożnymi regionu wybrzeża M. Śródziemnego w Turcji. Ponieważ w tym regionie rośliny przydrożne znajdują się pod wpływem ruchu drogowego, dlatego oznaczano w nich ołów i kadm. Latem, w okresie wzmożonego ruchu na drogach, pobierano nadziemne części C. dactylon, liście N. oleander i korę P. brutia w odległości 0-5 m w 15 wybranych miejscach w pobliżu drogi. Rośliny poddano analizie w formie niemytej. Uzyskane dane zawartości Pb i Cd mieściły się w zakresie 4,65-106,30 i 0,165-1,615 mg/g suchej masy. Największą kumulację wykazywał C. dactylon, następnie liście N. oleander. Kora P. brutia oznaczała się najmniejszymi wartościami analizowanych metali.