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Post-Neolithic occupation in Tunel Wielki Cave (southern Poland)

Kot Małgorzata, Wojenka Michał, Czajka Grzegorz, Kontny Bartosz, Gryczewska Natalia

Folia Quaternaria

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2020

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nr 88

17--39

EN

Post-Neolithic cave occupation in Poland remains insufficiently recognised. The pur¬pose of this paper is to present the results of the analysis of pottery and metal objects discovered in Tunel Wielki Cave (Ojców area, SE Poland). The artefacts were collected during three fieldwork campaigns in 1967–68 and 2018. The results show that the cave was occupied at least several times. The most ephem¬eral settlement traces can be dated to the Early Bronze Age and these may be related to the Trzciniec culture. The site was more intensively used in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age by communities representing the Lusatian culture. Roman Period artefacts are very scarce. Traces of most intensive use of the cave come from the Middle Ages. One can determine artefacts conditionally dated from the 11th to the 12th century, as well as younger objects, dated to the 13th − early 14th c. Single pieces of pottery can be attributed to the Modern period. The obtained results point to multiple short-term visits. The cave fill does not bear traces of permanent occupation during the Post-Neolithic period.

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Marmur Błogosławionej Salomei : odmiana wapienia górnojurajskiego i jego rola w małej architekturze

Bromowicz J., Figarska-Warchoł B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 10

848--860

EN

The paper is an attempt to evaluate the geological and quarrying conditions of the Blessed Salomea “marble”. Its physico-mechanicalproperties were determined in relation to the lithology. The probable volume of excavated rock material was compared to the volume of the small architecture elements, mainly altars and tombstones made of this stone. The comparison indicates that the rocks with similar colour and physico-mechanical properties occur also within other outcrops of Upper Jurassic limestones in the vicinity of Cracow. The “marble” of Blessed Salomea is distinguishable due to its otherfeatures. Besides the ability to take polish, these include the possibilities of cutting very large blocks and ability to be carved for figural and ornamental sculpture. These characteristics are related to the homogeneity caused by the large amount of micrite. So far, no other Jurassic limestone with these distinguishing properties has been found.

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Fossil karst in the Jurassic of Kościuszko Mound in Kraków (southern Poland)

Wójcik A., Garecka M., Olszewska B., Wódka M.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 1

61--70

EN

Study of four boreholes (each 100 mdeep) drilled in the St. Bronisława Hill (a part of the horst of the Wolski Forest, Kraków area) indicated that within the Oxfordian limestone occur claystones with calcareous rubble (detritus), filling the fossil karst forms. The claystones, that in some cases show planar stratification, contain assemblages of Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) foraminifers. The Middle Miocene planar laminated limestones have also been found in cavities formed in the Middle Oxfordian limestones. Miocene deposits of this type, filling the fossil karst, were not previously known from the area of Kraków. Both the Upper Cretaceous and the Middle Miocene deposits document probably marine sedimentation that resulted in the filling of the karst system. This type of karst was probably formed before the transgression of the Upper Cretaceous sea and the subsequently before the transgression of the Middle Miocene sea into the area of present horst of the Wolski Forest.

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Udział wód z cieków w zasilaniu poziomu wodonośnego jury górnej na obszarze Wyżyny Krakowskiej

Różkowski J., Sadowski S.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2013

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nr 456 Hydrogeologia z. 14/2

519--524

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zjawisko infiltracji wód z cieków na obszarach krasowych Wyżyny Krakowskiej na tle hydrograficznym wyżyny. Na podstawie 8 serii badań scharakteryzowano dynamikę zmian sezonowych infiltracji wód z cieków do podłoża, łącznie z podziemnymi przepływami tych wód, w wybranych cząstkowych zlewniach krasowych Dłubni i Rudawy, dopływów lewobrzeżnych Wisły. Stwierdzono powszechność zjawiska w skali regionalnej, niewielki udział w zasilaniu poziomu wodonośnego jury górnej, dynamiczny charakter infiltracji wgłębnej warunkowany zmiennością zasilania.

EN

The paper present the problem of water infiltration from water courses into the basement in the karstic area of Cracow Upland against the background of its hydrographic system. The dynamics of seasonal changes of water infiltration from water courses into the basement were characterised based on 8 series of tests. This characterisation includes also the underground water flow in some fragmentary karstic catchment areas of the Dłubnia and Rudawa rivers, both left-bank tributaries of the Vistula River. It was found that this phenomenon was widespread on a regional scale and the dynamic character of subsurface infiltration is controlled by recharge variability. However, its contribution to the total Upper Jurassic aquifer recharge is small.

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A unique habitat of endolithic biota: hurricane-induced limestone rubble in an Albian sand-mass of the Cracow Upland, southern Poland

Marcinowski R., Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 4

505-521

EN

Peculiarly shaped, relatively large (up to 30 cm in diameter) concretions of quartzitic sandstone occur in a single horizon of Upper Albian loose sands in the Cracow Upland, southern Poland. They are characterized by hollow interiors adorned with mass-aggregated moulds of the borings of diverse sponges, polychaetes and bivalves. These moulds represent the siliceous filling of borings in limestone clasts that had been subject to dissolution, leaving a hollow within the concretion that had formed around them. Synsedimentary block-faulting and jointing affected the Jurassic limestone-basement, causing the uplift of a local horst (the Glanow Horst), to within the littoral zone so that it became exposed to abrasion. It is inferred that a hurricane or catastrophic storm surge swept limestone debris fallen from the cliff out to the sandy offshore, where nucleation of soluble silica was presumably favoured by the decay of the soft tissue of live or dead rock-borers. After filling the emptyo borings and solution of the limestone clasts, the nucleation progressed intensely, finally completed by precipitation of siliceous sinter in the hollow interiors of some of the concretions during subsequent diagenesis and/or epigenesis.

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Nowe dane na temat budowy geologicznej okolic Brodeł k. Alwerni, Wyżyna Krakowska

Jach R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 12

1159-1162

PL

Obszar Alwernia-Brodla-Grojec nie był do tej pory szczegółowo kartowany, w wyniku czego ważne elementy tektoniczne nie były wyznaczone na publikowanych mapach geologicznych. Linie uskoków wyznaczono na podstawie kartowania oraz wykorzystano dostępne materiały wiertnicze. Obecnie wyróżniono tu dwie generacje uskoków: starszą od paleogeńskiej powierzchni zrównania, która nie zaznacza się w morfologii terenu, oraz młodszą, której uskoki wyznaczają widoczne w morfologii zręby i rowy tektoniczne. Stwierdzono istnienie uskoku w Brodłach, gdzie w skarpie znajduje się ostatnie na zachód odsłonięcie wapieni jurajskich w rowie Rybnej.

EN

Until now, Alwernia-Brodla-Grojec area has not been mapped in detail and its tectonic features has not been indicated on published geological maps. The aim of the article is to fill up the vacant part. The tectonics of this part of the Cracow Upland is dominated by Tertiary block-faulting. This faulting includes: 1 - the lower Tertiary faults produced before the onset of Paleogene planation and, 2 - the Neogene faults. These latter are clearly expressed in the present topography in the form of gravity elevated horsts flanked by step-fault escarpments. It is to be noted that the fault scarp in Brodla is the last exposure of Jurassic limestones in the Rybna graben.