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1

Distribution of cyclopoid copepods in different subterranean habitats (southern Poland)

Kur Jarosław, Mioduchowska Monika, Kilikowska Adrianna

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 3

255--266

EN

The majority of Polish studies on freshwater cyclopoids focused on surface water fauna. There are relatively few data on copepods of subterranean waters. Thus, in our research, copepods were collected from 37 different, mostly groundwater-dependent habitats (i.e. caves, springs, wells, interstitial and overhead environments) over a period of five years between 2005 and 2010. A total of 22 species belonging to eight genera were found. Some species, previously not recorded or known only from a few sites in Poland, proved to be a frequent component of subterranean communities.

2

Unravelling the spatio-temporal variation of zooplankton community from the river Matla in the Sundarbans Estuarine System, India

Nandy Tanmoy, Mandal Sumit

Oceanologia

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2020

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No. 62 (3)

326--346

EN

Zooplankton is an important bioindicator of ecosystem functioning. Knowledge of the seasonal fluctuation in the zooplankton population in estuarine waters of the Indian Sundarbans is rather limited. In the present study, we analysed the community structure of zooplankton assemblages and their spatio-temporal variations based on different multivariate statistics and indicator value analysis. A total of 56 taxa were identified and the density was primarily dominated by planktonic copepods and few meroplankton communities during four sampling seasons. The most abundant species were: Acartia spinicauda, Acartia sp., Bestiolina similis, Euterpina acutifrons, Labidocera acuta, Paracalanus aculeatus, Paracalanus parvus and Paracalanus indicus. Canonical Correspondence Analysis highlighted that temperature, pH, DO, salinity and nutrients were the prevailing environmental parameters associated with significant spatio-temporal changes of zooplankton distribution in this area. The highest abundance of zooplankton was recorded in winter, followed by monsoon, summer and spring. Throughout the study period, different zooplankton indices were observed in good condition. Seasonal occurrence of dominant zooplankton with high IndVal index was markedly observed and it might be used as a potential bioindicator for a particular season and environmental condition in this estuarine complex. The results of this study provide evidence for the presence of warm water species in the estuarine waters of the Indian Sundarbans and can be a clear indication of climate change-mediated elevated temperature in the estuarine system. Our results underscore the high diversity of zooplankton from mangrove dominated estuarine complex and emphasize the need for long-term monitoring in ecologically fragile ecosystems like the Sundarbans Estuarine System.

3

Life in sympatry : coexistence of native Eurytemora affinis and invasive Eurytemora carolleeae in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

Sukhikh Natalia, Souissi Anissa, Souissi Sami, Holl Anne-Catherine, Schizas Nikolaos V., Alekseev Victor

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (2)

227--238

EN

The invasion of exotic species into native ecosystems is becoming a crucial issue in global biology. Over the last ten years, at least 45 invasions of aquatic species have been reported in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland; the majority of them were introduced through ballast water. Recently, invasion of the estuarine calanoid copepod Eurytemora carolleeae (Temoridae), originating from North America, has been reported in several European estuaries and particularly in the Gulf of Finland. This species is morphologically very similar to the native Eurytemora affinis, but it is easily discriminated by molecular markers. In this study, we monitored the distribution area of the invasive copepod species in European waters, as well as the population structure of (native) E. affinis and (invasive) E. carolleeae, from 2006 to 2018 in the Gulf of Finland. The population density of E. affinis was significantly higher, compared to E. carolleeae, during most of the study period. The only exception was Neva Bay in 2010, wherein the invasive species dominated possibly due to high temperatures and differences in the levels of fish predation. The reproductive performance of E. carolleeae was also higher than that of E. affinis. These results show different population dynamics between the two species. It was revealed that invasive E. carolleeae develops in some of the very same habitats as native E. affinis, thereby potentially becoming a significant component of the zooplankton in the studied area. Moreover, invader has the potential to displace native E. affinis.

4

Influence of environmental factors on the population dynamics of key zooplankton species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)

Musialik-Koszarowska Maja, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka Lidia, Weydmann Agata

Oceanologia

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2019

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No. 61 (1)

17--25

EN

We studied the influence of abiotic environmental factors on the seasonal population dynamics' of Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp. in the southern Baltic Sea in the period of 2006-2007 and 2010-2012. Zooplankton samples were being collected monthly AT 6 stations located in the western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk with aWP2 net (100 μm mesh sizes) and then analyzed according to the HELCOM guidelines. Although the sampling stations did not significantly differ from each other in the terms of variability of abiotic environmental factors, the biomass of copepods developmental stages differed between them, apart from the shallow stations in both, Gulf of Gdańsk and in its inner part — Puck Bay. According to redundancy analysis, 26.1% of the total variability observed in the biomass of the copepod species has been explained by water temperature, salinity, air temperature, cloudiness, wind speed and direction and station's depth, with the first variable having the greatest power, alone explaining 13.7%. ANOSIM revealed that sampling stations in the Gulf of Gdańsk were significantly different from one another in terms of copepods' biomasses. Generalized Additive Models fitted for water temperature and salinity were significant for all ontogenetic stages of Acartia spp. and Temora longicornis and for the majority of stages of Pseudocalanus sp. (apart from the C1 for both and the males for salinity).

5

Copepoda in the shallow hypersaline Bardawil coastal lake (Egypt ) : Are there long-term changes in composition and abundance?

Anufriieva E. V., El-Shabrawy G. M., Shadrin N. V.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 3

219--229

EN

Coastal Lake Bardawil (Egypt) is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world. In 2009-2010, the authors studied composition, distribution and seasonal dynamics of copepods at 12 sites. A total of 10 species of copepods were recorded in zooplankton during the study period, including 5 Calanoida, 2 Cyclopoida and 3 Harpacticoida. Oithona nana was the most common and most abundant species. All copepods in the lake can be divided into three groups: 1) planktic species that form stable populations, 2) species of Mediterranean plankton incidentally entering the lake from the adjacent sea area, 3) benthic Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida that can be abundant in plankton. Two species - Acartia tonsa and A. danae were recorded here for the first time. The total abundance of copepods in the lake was significantly higher (90 times on average) compared to that observed in 2008-2009 in the waters of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Since 1967, the complex of common and dominant copepod species in the lake has changed significantly. The total average annual copepod abundance varied: in 2002 - it was about 4000 ind. m-3, in 2004 - 152 000 ind. m-3, in 2005 - about 25 300 ind. m-3, and in 2009-2010 - about 56 000 ind. m-3.

6

Analysis of zooplankton assemblages from man-made ditches in relation to current velocity

Czerniawski R., Sługocki Ł

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 2

199--211

EN

Because of the slow current velocity, man-made ditches may create distinct physical and ecological conditions that are suitable for the growth of zooplankton populations. However, the influence of drainage ditches on zooplankton communities has not been studied yet. This study aims to answer the following questions: i) Are man-made ditches a rich source of zooplankton? ii) What current velocity value leads to abundant zooplankton in man-made ditches? iii) Do zooplankton communities differ between man-made ditches and connected natural streams? In man-made drainage ditches with a water current lower than 0.1 m s-1, the abundance of zooplankton was greater than in the majority of streams. Sometimes this level of abundance was equivalent to the densities of zooplankton in lakes or dammed reservoirs. The presence of zooplankton in man-made ditches may be of great importance to the establishment of food webs, particularly during periods of high water levels or heavy rainfall, both of which may accelerate the water current, causing the dispersion of zooplankton along the ditches and into natural streams.

7

Population dynamics of the main copepod species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea) : abundance, biomass and production rates

Musialik-Koszarowska M., Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., Kalarus M., Lemieszek A., Maruszak P., Żmijewska M. I.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 2

159--171

EN

The aim of this study was to describe the production biomass and abundance dynamics of the major Baltic calanoid copepods (Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.) in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea) during a three-year period from March 2010 to December 2012. the data were collected at six stations located in the western part of the gulf. Acartia spp. was the most abundant taxon throughout the study period. the observed differences in the weighted mean depth for the investigated species were >2 m between nauplii and adults of Acartia spp., >5 m between nauplii and adults of Temora longicornis and 3 m between nauplii and younger copepodites of Pseudocalanus sp. the highest values of the secondary production rates were determined for Acartia spp. − almost 17.55 mg C m-2 d-1 (summer 2011), while Temora longicornis reached 3.80 mg C m-2 d-1 in spring 2010 and Pseudocalanus sp. had the highest secondary production values in summer 2011 − about 1.28 mg C m-2 d-1.

8

Long-term changes in the total development time of Copepoda species occurring in large numbers in the Southern Baltic Sea : numerical calculations

Figiela M., Musialik-Koszarowska M., Nowicki A., Lemieszek A., Kalarus M., Druet C.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 1

1--10

EN

The study presents changes in the total development time of Copepoda species, i.e. Pseudocalanus sp., Temora longicornis and Acartia spp. occurring in large numbers in the Southern Baltic Sea. The following factors were taken into account: temperature, salinity and concentration of food. The presented research involved simulations with greenhouse gas emissions scenarios A1B and B1. The analysis was performed for naupliar and copepodid stages combined together, and the results present the total development time of organisms from the naupliar stage to the adult form. The calculations were carried out using numerical methods based on the experimental data available in the literature.

9

Instability of spring environmental conditions as a driver of biotic interactions and crustacean structuring in meteorite crater ponds (Morasko, Poland)

Świdnicki K., Basińska A. M., Kuczyńska-Kippen N.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 1

66--78

EN

There are 150 meteorite craters worldwide, however, their aggregations are rarely noted. The nature reserve ‘Meteoryt Morasko’ in Poland with fishless meteorite ponds was analyzed as a unique ecosystem for biological analysis of invertebrate interactions. The aim of the study was to recognize the main environmental drivers of cladoceran and copepod community structure from among biotic (competitors and predators) and abiotic factors (i.e. oxygen and pH level) in the spring season. The abundance of small cladocerans (Alonella excisa and Chydorus sphaericus) was the highest at the end of the spring season, i.e. in June, while large species (Daphnia pulex and Simocephalus exspinosus) were most abundant in May. Both size groups of Cladocera were negatively affected by invertebrate predators (Chaoborus crystallinus and carnivorous copepods), which are known to play an important role in structuring cladoceran communities due to the fishless character of the studied ponds. No negative effect of those predators was found for Copepoda, however, nauplii density was reduced by competitors (Aedes communis larvae and ostracods). The temporary character of the examined ponds, oxygen depletion and low pH of water in the shallowest pond resulted in the abundant occurrence of cladoceran males, whose high densities are usually observed in autumn.

10

Seasonal variability in the population dynamics of the main mesozooplankton species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea): production and mortality rates

Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., Kalarus M., Musialik-Koszarowska M., Lemieszek A., Żmijewska M. I.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (1)

78--85

EN

This manuscript is a continuation of the results presented in the earlier work by Dzierzbicka-Głowacka et al. (2013). Major purpose of this study is to characterize population dynamics of three major Baltic calanoid copepod species (Acartia spp., Temora longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp.) in the Gulf of Gdańsk during the years 2006–2007. This paper focuses mostly on biomass estimation, production and mortality rates. All three species had the highest observed biomass in summer 2007 and it was 12.62, 9.16 and 0.80 mg C m-3for Acartia spp., T. longicornis and Pseudocalanus sp., respectively, while highest daily production rates for those species were 28.22, 18.47, 1.34 mg C m-2, all recorded in summer 2007. Mortality rates were calculated for all copepodite stages of selected species, and in most cases highest values were observed during summer seasons

11

Spatial and temporal variability of Copepoda in the pelagic zone of the Pomeranian Bay (2001-2003)

Chojnacki J.C., Machula S., Orłowski A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.1

29-54

EN

This investigation of Pomeranian Bay waters was conducted from March 2001 to August of 2003 from aboard the r/v Nawigator XXI, which is owned by the Maritime Academy in Szczecin. A total of 147 water samples were collected at 15 stations on three transects in the Pomeranian Bay from Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, and Dziwnów to the Odra Bank. Zooplankton was sampled with a Bongo type planktonometer O = 20 cm with a mesh size of 80 žm during 10 min. filtering hauls in the pelagic zone from the bottom to the surface at an average vessel speed of 3 - 4 knots. The method developed and published by Orłowski was used to transform the large amount of seasonal data for the entire study period into isoline illustrations of the spatial structures in the Pomeranian Bay of mesozooplankton and selected species, namely Acartia bifilosa, Acartia longiremis, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Temora longicornis. The average mesozooplankton aggregations in ten consecutive seasons at the 15 stations investigated from 2001 to 2003 in the entire Odra estuary area fluctuated from 2,442 to 92,200 ind. m-3. The highest species variety was noted among marine Copepoda, which was the dominant group in virtually every season investigated. Their maximum abundance reached as much as 213,493 ind. m-3. The euryhaline species A. bifilosa occurred throughout the research period and at all stations at an abundance that reached 210,443 ind. m-3. The seasonal succession series were as follows: in spring, the dominants were Acartia spp. and Evadne nordmanni; in summer - Keratella cochlearis, Bosmina coregoni maritima, and A. bifilosa; in fall – T. longicornis and Acartia spp.; in winter – T. longicornis and Centropages hamatus.

12

The microcrustacean fauna of Sicily and the central Mediterranean Sea area - current knowledge and gaps to be filled

Marrone Federico

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

681-685

EN

The current knowledge of freshwater entomostracans from Sicily and some neighbouring central-Mediterranean countries is briefly reviewed. Data concerning different countries and different taxonomical groups are markedly inhomogeneous and often far from being representative of the real biota of the corresponding countries. This gap prevents a sound, biogeographical analysis of the freshwater microcrustacean fauna of the area. The major gaps that have to be filled are highlighted and the need for more surveys and monitoring is emphasised.

13

Astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in the copepod Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda, Calanoida) during ontogenetic development [commun.]

Lotocka M., Styczyńska-Jurewicz E.

Oceanologia

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2001

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No. 43 (4)

487-497

EN

The contents of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin esters were studied in natural populations of the copepod Acartia bifilosa from the Pomeranian Bay and Gulf of Gdansk in the southern Baltic Sea. Samples dominated by any one of three developmental groups: (1) nauplii, (2) copepodids I-III and (3) copepodids IV-V and adults of Acartia bifilosa were analysed by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As ontogenetic development progressed, significant changes occurred in the proportion of particular pigments in the total pigment pool of the various developmental groups. Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin occurred in all the groups, the former being clearly dominant. However, an increasing percentage of astaxanthin esters was recorded in the copepodids I-III, and even more in the copepodids IV-V and adults group. Most probably, astaxanthin is the main pigment active in copepod lipid metabolism. Carotenoid pigments in copepods very likely act as efficient free-electron quenchers and may be involved as antioxidants in rapid lipid metabolism. The exogenously feeding stages (late nauplii and copepodids) transform plant carotenoids taken from food and are evidently capable of metabolising astaxanthin by esterification and further degradation. It is emphasised that, according to literature data, astaxanthin esters may have an even higher quenching ability. It is suggested that crustacean carotenoid pigments, with their electron donor-acceptor abilities, may replace oxygen in peroxidation processes connected with lipid metabolism. The consequences of such a physiological role of astaxanthin for present-day estimations of energy balances in zooplankton communities are mentioned.

14

Seasonal and diel changes in the vertical distribution in relation to the age structure of Microcalanus pygmaeus Sars and Ctenocalanus citer Bowman & Heron, (Pseudocalanidae, Copepoda) from Croker Passage (Antarctic Peninsula)

Żmijewska M. I., Bielecka L., Grabowska A.

Oceanologia

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2000

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No. 42 (1)

89-103

EN

The development of two representatives of Pseudocalanidae and the nature of their population distribution in the water column were investigated on the basis of plankton samples collected over three seasons in night-day series in Croker Passage. The investigations showed that the two species begin reproducing in different seasons. Regardless of season, the growth of M. pygmaeus is more advanced than that of C. citer. Both species are characterised by a separation of their populations in the water column. The youngest copepodite stages (I-III) inhabit the upper portion of the water in which the given species occurs, while the oldest specimens, especially males, inhabit the deepest waters. Additionally, the first growth phases (CI-CIII) show a tendency to concentrate closer to the surface at night.

15

The time-space variability of Copepoda from the Pseudocalanidae family in Croker Passage (Antarctic Peninsula)

Żmijewska M. I., Bielecka L., Grabowska A.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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Vol. 28, No. 3-4

75-84

EN

Owing to their large numbers, small Calanoida from the Pseudocalanidae family constitute a significant element of zooplankton in seas and oceans. In Croker Passage, which is in the coastal zone of the Antarctic Peninsula, this family is represented by Microcalanus pygmaeus and Ctenocalanus citer. These species are characterized by a distinct seasonal variability in numbers and by the way they inhabit the water column. M. pygmaeus occurs five to six times more frequently than C. citer, and both species are far more abundant in summer than in winter. In summer they occur in the upper part of the mesopelagic zone, while in winter they move to greater depths. However, C. citer occurs more often than M. pygmaeus in the upper layers of the water column, regardless of season.