The aim of the studies was to investigate the effect of camel grass, lavender, patchouli, peppermint and tea tree essential oils, and their mixtures on the in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa, occurring in the cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth of the tested pathogens was evaluated on PDA medium. Essential oils were added in three doses: 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3 of PDA medium. Camel grass and peppermint essential oils applied at the highest dose inhibited completely the in vitro growth of C. dendroides mycelium. Lavender oil used at the amount of 1 mg·cm–3 reduced the growth of the pathogen by 90 %. In the case of M. perniciosa the complete inhibition of the pathogen’s growth was observed after the addition of camel grass oil to PDA medium, irrespective of a dose, and lavender oil at the doses of 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3. The efficacy of the tested mixtures against M. perniciosa was high. Generally, all mixtures of essential oils, irrespective of a dose, completely controlled the growth of the pathogen. The complete inhibition of the growth of C. dendroides was observed only on the medium with the addition of the mixture of camel grass and peppermint oils at the highest dose. The conducted research showed that natural essential oils due to their antifungal properties could be useful in the Integrated Disease Management for the protection of button mushroom against diseases. They could be an effective alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.
W warunkach laboratoryjnych przeprowadzono walidację stężeń preparatów dezynfekcyjnych celem sprawdzenia efektywności ich działania w hamowaniu rozwoju grzyba Cladobotryum dendroides wywołującego daktylium w uprawie pieczarek. Wykorzystany do badań izolat pochodził z porażonych owocników pieczarki dwuzarodnikowej (Agaricus bisporus). Testy płytkowe przeprowadzono na podłożu glukozowo-ziemniaczanym (PDA), do którego dodawano odpowiednie ilości testowanych dezynfektantów, tak aby otrzymać następujące stężenia: Agrosterilu 0,2, 0,3, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0, 2,5, 3,0, 3,5%; Leraseptu spezial 0,05, 0,1, 0,15, 0,2, 0,5, 1,0% oraz formaliny 0,4, 0,6, 0,8, 1,0, 1,2, 1,4, 1,6, 1,8, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0%. Najniższe stężenie środka chemicznego, które całkowicie hamowało wzrost C. dendroides po 14 dniach inkubacji dla Agrosterilu wynosiło 1%, dla Leraseptu 0,5% oraz dla formaliny 0,8%. Dla porównania przeprowadzono ocenę skuteczności preparatu biologicznego EM-Bio na bazie efektywnych mikroorganizmów, który w dawce 100 mg/cm3 pożywki ograniczał rozwój grzybni patogena na poziomie 77,8-96,0%.
EN
Validation of concentratlons of some disinfecting preparations was performed under laboratory conditions to assess the effectiveness of their action in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Cladobotryum dendroides inducing cobweb disease in button mushroom cultivation. The isolates used for the study derived frorn infected fruiting bodies of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). Plate tests were performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), to which suitable amounts of tested disinfectants were added to obtain the following concentrations: Agrosteril 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5%; Lerasept spezial 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0% and formalin 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0. 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0%. A series of examinations indicated that the lowest concentration of the chemical product which completely inhibited the growth of C. dendroides after 14 days of incubation amounted to 1% for Agrosteril, 0.5% for Lerasept and 0.8% for formalin. For comparison, the effectiveness of the biological preparation EM-Bio based on effective microorganisms was assessed. That preparation used in a dose of 100 mg/cm3 of medium reduced the development of pathogen mycelium on the level 77.8-96.0%.
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