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1

Impact strength of ABS parts manufactured using fused deposition modeling technology

Górski F., Kuczko W., Wichniarek R.

Archives of Mechanical Technology and Automation

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2014

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Vol. 34, no. 1

3--12

EN

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widespread additive manufacturing technology, which allows to obtain models of complex geometry without any tooling, directly from the digital CAD representation. It has been found out during numerous studies, that strength of products obtained using this technology is lower than strength of products manufactured of the same material, but with conventional technologies such as injection molding. Furthermore, the strength is greatly affected by orientation of part in the working chamber during manufacturing. The paper describes experimental research aimed at examining the influence of the orientation on impact strength of ABS parts produced with this technology. Test samples of various orientations were prepared and subjected to Charpy impact test. Also, a number of reference samples were prepared with injection molding of the same ABS material. Analysis of research results confirmed the assumptions made and allowed to make some important observations regarding strength of models produced with FDM technology.

PL

W artykule opisano badania eksperymentalne mające na celu zbadanie wpływu orientacji na udarność wyrobów z ABS wytwarzanych techniką Fused Deposition Modeling. Próbki wytworzone przy różnych orientacjach poddano testowi udarności młotem Charpy'ego. Oprócz tego wytworzono metodą wtrysku próbki referencyjne z tego samego materiału ABS. Analiza wyników badań potwierdziła wstępne tezy oraz ważne obserwacje dotyczące wytrzymałości wyrobów kształtowanych techniką FDM.

2

Próba udarności Charpy’ego i parametr Lateral Expansion w ocenie materiałów spawalniczych dla potrzeb kriogeniki

Stankiewicz M., Holloway G., Marshall A., Zhang Z., Ślązak B.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

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2012

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R. 84, nr 11

2-11

PL

W publikacji poruszone zostały kwestie związane z charakterem pękania metali, zdolności absorpcji energii dynamicznej i samohamowania pęknięć. Omówiono podstawy próby udarności metali i stopów sposobem Charpy’ego, z uwzględnieniem różnic w amerykańskim i europejskim wariancie próby. Podkreślono wady i zalety sposobów oceny ciągliwości przełomów udarnościowych opartych na udziale przełomu plastycznego SFA i rozszerzeniu poprzecznym LE. W dalszej części publikacji przedstawiono materiały spawalnicze firmy Metrode przeznaczone do zastosowań kriogenicznych oraz ich właściwości ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem KV i LE w temperaturze –196 stopni Celsjusza.

EN

In the Charpy impact test three key measurements be made – total absorbed energy, Shear Facture Area SFA and Lateral Expansion LE. However, although these three magnitudes have been available from the Charpy test, two of them SFA and LE have been just lately launched in Europe along with new standard EN ISO 148, which combines both American (ASTM E23) and European (EN 10045) regulations. In this paper principles of the impact tests and ductile-brittle fracture characterization are provided as well as comparison between American and European variants of the Charpy impact test. The second part covers specialist and the most demanding area for welding consumables for joining 304L and 316L stainless steel that are subject to service temperatures down to –196 centigrade. The dedicated range of controlled ferrite ‘CF’ consumables manufactured by Metrode is also described and some of the applications for which they been use are highlighted.

3

Wykorzystanie analizy obrazu do oceny przełomów próbek po teście udarności

Drozd K., Walczak M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2012

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R. 13, nr 7-8

76-80

PL

Praca zawiera wyniki analizy przełomów uzyskanych podczas testu udarności dla standardowych próbek stalowych z karbem typu Messnager. Próbki były ulepszane cieplnie przy zastosowaniu parametrów obróbki o różnych wartościach a niektóre grupy próbek dodatkowo eksponowano w środowisku korozyjnym. Badania polegały na wyznaczaniu względnego udziału strefy nieodkształconej powierzchni przełomów. Wartość tego udziału umożliwia wnioskowanie dotyczące kruchości materiału w warunkach badania udarności. Badania prowadzono z wykorzystaniem komputerowej analizy obrazów. Stwierdzono istotne zależności pomiędzy analizowaną budową przełomów a wszystkimi badanymi cechami i parametrami obróbki materiału.

EN

The paper consists the results of fracture analysis which were obtained during impact Charpy test for standard Messnagers' specimens with notch. The preparation of the samples were conducted with variable parameters of heat treatment and some groups of samples were exposed in salt sprey chamber. The studies consisted in determination of relative part of unstrained surface of fractures. The value of this contribution allows to deduce the fragility of material in impact test conditions. The studies were conducted using computer applications for image analysis. There were observed significant correlations between structure of the fractures and all parameters of material and samples treatment.

4

Mechanical properties dependency of the pearlite content of ductile irons

Gonzaga R. A., Martinez Landa P., Perez A., Villaneuva P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 33, nr 2

150-158

EN

Purpose: In this work, it is pretended to make a comparison of different pearlite contents in pieces with similar shape and dimensions and to analyze the variation of mechanical properties as pearlite content increases. The three pieces used had form of stair made of ductile cast iron. Design/methodology/approach: The present study was based on an adequate balance of alloying elements. None heat treatment was used to obtain different pearlite contents in the microstructures. Many specimens taken from the cast were mechanized to be polished and swabbed with nital to analyze the microstructure. To study the mechanical properties these casts present many tests were done such as Charpy impact test, done at different temperatures. Fracture toughness and tensile strength tests were done, as well. Findings: This study gave evidences that heat treatments are not necessary to obtain different pearlite content in the microstructure. Good mechanical properties are obtained by an appropriate balance of alloying elements. Research limitations/implications: They are that of natural sources. Besides, high and precision technology must be applied to get the present results better. Practical implications: Cast iron productions are focussed straight on machine building and automotive industries and constructions. The low cost production of ductile cast iron, its mechanical properties and low cost transformations are the tempting for application. Originality/value: The whole experimental work and the appropriate results obtained as consequences of the analysis carried out are novel, although applied methods are well known. Values presented in tables are given as new results of our experiments. This work is of great importance for the development of new economical methods for ductile iron production. This study is directed to researchers and metallurgy centres.

5

Physical and structural characterization of mismatched welded joints by dynamic fracture toughness test.

Ranatowski E., Sadowski J.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2001

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R. XXII, nr 5

753-756

EN

An assessment of dynamic fracture parameters such as KId, JId, total failure energy K and their parts Kz, Kr for the experimented conventional and pre-cracked specimens tested by dynamic fracture test were made. The additional investigations by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope were made to reveal the structural sources of scatter of the results in the Charpy test.

PL

Wykonano ocenę dynamicznych parametrów procesu pękania, takich jak KId, JId, energię zniszczenia K oraz jej składowe Kz, Kr poprzez dynamiczne badania konwencjonalnych próbek oraz z karbem zakończonym pęknięciem. Ponadto wykonano dodatkowe badania na dyfraktometrze rentgenowskim oraz mikroskopie skaningowym w celu ujawnienia strukturalnych źródeł rozrzutu badań obserwowanych w próbce Charpy V.